Wnt5a-Flt1 activation contributes to preterm altered cerebral angiogenesis after prenatal inflammation

Pediatr Neonatol. 2023 Sep;64(5):528-537. doi: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2023.01.002. Epub 2023 Feb 18.

Abstract

Objective: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) causes morbidity and mortality in preterm infants and prenatal exposure to inflammation contributes to brain injury. Moreover, prenatal exposure to severe inflammation increases the risk of IVH in preterm neonates. The current study investigated whether intrauterine exposure to inflammation affects cerebral angiogenesis and its underlying mechanisms.

Methods: Wnt5a, flt1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A levels in cord blood serum (stored in a bio-bank) of the enrolled patients were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A preterm prenatal inflammation exposure model was established in rats by intraperitoneal injection intraperitoneally during pregnancy. Angiogenesis of cerebral tissue was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Wnt5a, flt1, and VEGF-A expression levels were measured via immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, or western blotting. The correlation between Wnt5a and flt1 expression and the cerebral vessel area was also analyzed.

Results: The Wnt5a and flt1 levels in the cord blood serum were significantly higher in the amnionitis group than in the non-amnionitis group. The VEGF-A level in the cord blood serum was significantly lower in the amnionitis group. In the rat model, preterm rats in the prenatal inflammation group exhibited increased microglial cell infiltration and decreased vessel area and diameter in the cerebral tissue compared to the control group. Wnt5a was located in microglial cells, and Wnt5a and flt1 expression in brain tissue significantly increased after prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. VEGF-A expression declined after prenatal LPS exposure. The cerebral vessel area was negatively correlated with Wnt5a and flt1 expression.

Conclusion: Disordered cerebral angiogenesis is associated with increased Wnt5a-Flt1 activation in microglial cells after exposure to intrauterine inflammation.

Keywords: cerebral angiogenesis; prenatalinflammation; preterm; wnt5a-Flt1.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cerebral Hemorrhage* / genetics
  • Cerebral Hemorrhage* / metabolism
  • Chorioamnionitis* / genetics
  • Chorioamnionitis* / metabolism
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Inflammation* / complications
  • Inflammation* / genetics
  • Inflammation* / metabolism
  • Lipopolysaccharides
  • Pregnancy
  • Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects*
  • Rats
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1* / genetics
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1* / metabolism
  • Wnt-5a Protein* / genetics
  • Wnt-5a Protein* / metabolism

Substances

  • Lipopolysaccharides
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
  • Wnt-5a Protein
  • Wnt5a protein, rat
  • WNT5A protein, human
  • Flt1 protein, rat
  • FLT1 protein, human
  • VEGFA protein, human
  • vascular endothelial growth factor A, rat
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1