Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in Egypt. HCCs usually have a poor prognosis because of late diagnosis, aggressive metastasis, and early invasion. Heterogeneous ribonucleoproteins (HnRNPs) are nuclear proteins that play a variety of roles in telomere formation, DNA repair, cell signaling, and gene regulation.
.: Zincfinger Eboxbinding homeoboxes (ZEBs) are transcription factors that have a consistent inverse correlation with Ecadherin in numerous types of cancer and associated with poor prognosis.
Aim: This study aimed to verify the prognostic expression of HnRNP A1, ZEB1, and E-cadherin in HCC.
Settings and design: The retrospective study consisted of 54 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Methods and material: Immunohistochemical staining was performed using antibodies against HnRNP A1, ZEB1, and E-cadherin. The patients were followed at the Clinical Oncology Department from May 2018 to July 2021.
Statistical analysis: SPSS version 20 using the Chi-square test to compare data and the Kaplan-Meier plot for comparing survival.
Results: HnRNP A1 high positivity was detected in 59.3% of the cases, whereas negative E-cadherin and ZEB 1 expression presented in 37% and 70.4% of the patients, respectively. A statistically significant relation was present between HnRNP A1, ZEB1, E-cadherin, and various clinicopathological variables. The mean progression-free survival and overall survival in low HnRNP A1 and negative ZEB1 expressions were longer than those exhibited in high HnRNP A1 and positive ZEB1 expressions.
Conclusion: HnRNP A1 and ZEB1 expressions are poor prognostic factors of HCC. E-cadherin has an important role in the development of differentiated HCCs and favorable outcome.
Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HnRNP A1; ZEB1; and E-cadherin.