Transgenerational latent early-life associated regulation unites environment and genetics across generations

Epigenomics. 2016 Mar;8(3):373-87. doi: 10.2217/epi.15.117. Epub 2016 Mar 7.

Abstract

The origin of idiopathic diseases is still poorly understood. The latent early-life associated regulation (LEARn) model unites environmental exposures and gene expression while providing a mechanistic underpinning for later-occurring disorders. We propose that this process can occur across generations via transgenerational LEARn (tLEARn). In tLEARn, each person is a 'unit' accumulating preclinical or subclinical 'hits' as in the original LEARn model. These changes can then be epigenomically passed along to offspring. Transgenerational accumulation of 'hits' determines a sporadic disease state. Few significant transgenerational hits would accompany conception or gestation of most people, but these may suffice to 'prime' someone to respond to later-life hits. Hits need not produce symptoms or microphenotypes to have a transgenerational effect. Testing tLEARn requires longitudinal approaches. A recently proposed longitudinal epigenome/envirome-wide association study would unite genetic sequence, epigenomic markers, environmental exposures, patient personal history taken at multiple time points and family history.

Keywords: aging; childhood; development; epigenetics; experiences; insult; intergenerational; late life; neurodegenerative; nutrition; post traumatic.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Alzheimer Disease / genetics
  • Animals
  • Epigenesis, Genetic*
  • Epigenomics
  • Female
  • Gene Dosage
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental*
  • Gene-Environment Interaction*
  • Genetic Variation
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Maternal Exposure
  • Models, Biological*
  • Parkinson Disease / genetics
  • Pregnancy
  • Schizophrenia / genetics