Abstract
The functional activity of Six2, a member of the so/Six family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors, is required during mammalian kidney organogenesis. We have now determined that Six2 activity is also necessary for the formation of the pyloric sphincter, the functional gate at the stomach-duodenum junction that inhibits duodenogastric reflux. Our data reveal that several genes known to be important for pyloric sphincter formation in the chick (e.g., Bmp4, Bmpr1b, Nkx2.5, Sox9, and Gremlin) also appear to be required for the formation of this structure in mammals. Thus, we propose that Six2 activity regulates this gene network during the genesis of the pyloric sphincter in the mouse.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Actins / biosynthesis
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Animals
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Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 / biosynthesis
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Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 / genetics
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Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 / physiology
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Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I / biosynthesis
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Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I / genetics
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Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I / physiology
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Cytokines
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Duodenogastric Reflux / embryology
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Fetal Proteins / biosynthesis
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Fetal Proteins / genetics
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Fetal Proteins / physiology*
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Gastric Mucosa / embryology
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Gastric Mucosa / metabolism
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Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
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Gene Regulatory Networks / genetics
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Gene Regulatory Networks / physiology*
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Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5
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Homeodomain Proteins / antagonists & inhibitors
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Homeodomain Proteins / biosynthesis
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Homeodomain Proteins / genetics
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Homeodomain Proteins / physiology*
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Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / biosynthesis
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Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / genetics
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Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / physiology
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Mesoderm / metabolism
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Mice
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Muscle, Smooth / metabolism
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Organogenesis
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Pylorus / abnormalities
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Pylorus / embryology*
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SOX9 Transcription Factor / biosynthesis
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SOX9 Transcription Factor / genetics
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SOX9 Transcription Factor / physiology
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Stomach / embryology
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Transcription Factors / antagonists & inhibitors
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Transcription Factors / biosynthesis
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Transcription Factors / deficiency
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Transcription Factors / genetics
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Transcription Factors / physiology*
Substances
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Actins
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Bmp4 protein, mouse
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Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4
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Cktsf1b1 protein, mouse
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Cytokines
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Fetal Proteins
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Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5
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Homeodomain Proteins
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Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
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Nkx2-5 protein, mouse
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SOX9 Transcription Factor
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Six2 protein, mouse
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Sox9 protein, mouse
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Transcription Factors
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Bmpr1b protein, mouse
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Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I