Alternative titles; symbols
HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: GOLGA3
Cytogenetic location: 12q24.33 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): 12:132,768,914-132,829,081 (from NCBI)
By screening a human liver carcinoma cDNA expression library with serum from a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; 152700) patient, Fritzler et al. (1993) cloned cDNAs representing 2 genes, GOLGA2 (602580) and GOLGA3, that encode Golgi complex antigens. The GOLGA3 cDNAs isolated by them contained a partial coding sequence. The protein product of the GOLGA3 gene was designated golgin-160 based on its 160-kD molecular mass in mammalian cell extracts. Antibodies specific to golgin-160 showed anti-Golgi reactivity by immunofluorescence; the Golgi staining was blocked by treatment with brefeldin A (BFA), a fungal antibiotic known to disrupt the stacked structure of the Golgi complex and to affect Golgi coatomer proteins.
Misumi et al. (1997) cloned a full-length GOLGA3 cDNA from a human pancreas carcinoma cell line by RT-PCR and library screening. It encodes a predicted 1,530-amino acid protein that contains a coiled-coil domain. Western blot analysis detected a 170-kD GOLGA3 protein in mammalian cells; the authors designated it GCP170 for 'Golgi complex-associated protein of 170 kD'. SDS-PAGE detected both phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms of GCP170. Electron microscopy showed that GCP170 is located at the rims of cisternal structures and related elements characteristic of the Golgi complex, although it does not colocalize with COPB (600959). Cell fractionation studies suggested that GCP170 is a peripheral protein associated with the cytoplasmic face of the Golgi membrane. By Northern blot analysis, the GOLGA3 gene is expressed as a 7-kb transcript.
By Northern blot analysis of mouse tissues, Bray et al. (2002) found highest expression of a 5.2-kb transcript in testis and brain. Northern blot analysis of male germ cells indicated that Golga3 was predominantly expressed in meiotic cells, with abundant message in pachytene spermatocytes. Confocal microscopy of transfected NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts detected Golga3 expression colocalized with Trax (602964) in a perinuclear compartment, consistent with Golgi localization.
Hicks and Machamer (2002) determined that golgin-160 forms dimers via the C-terminal coiled-coil region. Both the N- and C-terminal halves mediated targeting to the Golgi apparatus. Unlike the findings of Fritzler et al. (1993), however, Hicks and Machamer (2002) did not find golgin-160 redistribution following BFA treatment. By transfection of N-terminal truncation mutants, they identified an 85-amino acid sequence between residues 172 and 257 that contains both Golgi and nuclear localization signals. While full-length golgin-160 never localized to the nucleus, Hicks and Machamer (2002) found that caspase cleavage fragments, which could be generated during apoptosis, could be targeted to the nucleus provided that they were released from Golgi membranes.
By yeast 2-hybrid analysis and in vitro binding assays, Bray et al. (2002) determined that the C terminus of mouse Golga3 interacts directly with Trax.
The International Radiation Mapping Consortium mapped the GOLGA3 gene to chromosome 12 (stSG27206).
Bray, J. D., Chennathukuzhi, V. M., Hecht, N. B. Identification and characterization of cDNAs encoding four novel proteins that interact with translin associated factor-X. Genomics 79: 799-808, 2002. [PubMed: 12036294] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.2002.6779]
Fritzler, M. J., Hamel, J. C., Ochs, R. L., Chan, E. K. L. Molecular characterization of two human autoantigens: unique cDNAs encoding 95- and 160-kD proteins of a putative family in the Golgi complex. J. Exp. Med. 178: 49-62, 1993. [PubMed: 8315394] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.178.1.49]
Hicks, S. W., Machamer, C. E. The NH(2)-terminal domain of golgin-160 contains both Golgi and nuclear targeting information. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 35833-35839, 2002. [PubMed: 12130652] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M206280200]
Misumi, Y., Sohda, M., Yano, A., Fujiwara, T., Ikehara, Y. Molecular characterization of GCP170, a 170-kDa protein associated with the cytoplasmic face of the Golgi membrane. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 23851-23858, 1997. [PubMed: 9295333] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.272.38.23851]