MeSH

A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.

Compounds that interact with ESTROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of ESTRADIOL. Estrogens stimulate the female reproductive organs, and the development of secondary female SEX CHARACTERISTICS. Estrogenic chemicals include natural, synthetic, steroidal, or non-steroidal compounds.

Year introduced: 1963

Oral contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to hormonal preparations.

Year introduced: 1986 (1975)

Steroidal compounds related to ESTRADIOL, the major mammalian female sex hormone. Estradiol congeners include important estradiol precursors in the biosynthetic pathways, metabolites, derivatives, and synthetic steroids with estrogenic activities.

Year introduced: 2004

Estrogenic STEROIDS with aliphatic hydrocarbon chain substitution on C17 or other position. 17-alpha-ALKYLATION renders the molecule more stable, resistant to metabolic degradation, and improves oral efficacy. Examples of synthetic alkyl estrogens include ETHINYL ESTRADIOL and MESTRANOL. Substitutions at other sites generates antiestrogenic and cytotoxic properties.

Year introduced: 2004

Hormones produced by the GONADS, including both steroid and peptide hormones. The major steroid hormones include ESTRADIOL and PROGESTERONE from the OVARY, and TESTOSTERONE from the TESTIS. The major peptide hormones include ACTIVINS and INHIBINS.

Year introduced: 2004

A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precursors of certain vitamins, bile acids, alcohols (STEROLS), and certain natural drugs and poisons. Steroids have a common nucleus, a fused, reduced 17-carbon atom ring system, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene. Most steroids also have two methyl groups and an aliphatic side-chain attached to the nucleus. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)

Year introduced: 1963

Steroid hormones produced by the GONADS. They stimulate reproductive organs, germ cell maturation, and the secondary sex characteristics in the males and the females. The major sex steroid hormones include ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE; and TESTOSTERONE.

Year introduced: 2004 (1963)

Compounds which contain two or more rings in their structure.

Year introduced: 2005(1974)

Steroids which have undergone contraction in ring size or reduction in side chains.

Year introduced: 1968

Pregnatrienes which have undergone ring contractions or are lacking carbon-18 or carbon-19.

Year introduced: 1975

Pregnanes which have undergone ring contractions or are lacking carbon-18 or carbon-19. Unsaturation in the steroid ring system is not included.

Year introduced: 1974

A collective grouping for both naturally occurring and synthetic hormones, substitutes, and antagonists.

Year introduced: 1998

Chemical substances having a specific regulatory effect on the activity of a certain organ or organs. The term was originally applied to substances secreted by various ENDOCRINE GLANDS and transported in the bloodstream to the target organs. It is sometimes extended to include those substances that are not produced by the endocrine glands but that have similar effects.

Polycyclic compounds with adjacent rings that share the same two adjacent atoms.

Year introduced: 2017

Uses of chemicals which affect the course of conditions, diseases, syndromes or pathology to benefit the health of an individual.

Year introduced: 2004

Activities which affect organs and systemic functions without regard to a particular disease.

Year introduced: 2004

A broad category of chemical actions and uses that result in the prevention, treatment, cure or diagnosis of disease. Included here are drugs and chemicals that act by altering normal body functions, such as the REPRODUCTIVE CONTROL AGENTS and ANESTHETICS. Effects of chemicals on the environment are also included.

Year introduced: 2004(1999)

A group of pharmacologic activities, effects on living systems and the environment, and modes of employment of drugs and chemicals. They are broken into actions, which describe their effects, and uses, which describe how they are employed.

Year introduced: 1999

Substances used either in the prevention or facilitation of pregnancy.

Year introduced: 1998