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Severe neurodegenerative syndrome with lipodystrophy(PELD)

MedGen UID:
863137
Concept ID:
C4014700
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: ENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE, WITH LIPODYSTROPHY; Encephalopathy, progressive, with or without lipodystrophy
Modes of inheritance:
Autosomal recessive inheritance
MedGen UID:
141025
Concept ID:
C0441748
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).
 
Gene (location): BSCL2 (11q12.3)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0014402
OMIM®: 615924
Orphanet: ORPHA363400

Disease characteristics

The spectrum of BSCL2-related neurologic disorders includes Silver syndrome and variants of Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 2, distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN) type V, and spastic paraplegia 17. Features of these disorders include onset of symptoms ranging from the first to the seventh decade, slow disease progression, upper motor neuron involvement (gait disturbance with pyramidal signs ranging from mild to severe spasticity with hyperreflexia in the lower limbs and variable extensor plantar responses), lower motor neuron involvement (amyotrophy of the peroneal muscles and small muscles of the hand), and pes cavus and other foot deformities. Disease severity is variable among and within families. [from GeneReviews]
Authors:
Daisuke Ito   view full author information

Additional description

From OMIM
Progressive encephalopathy with or without lipodystrophy is a severe neurodegenerative disorder characterized by developmental regression of motor and cognitive skills in the first years of life, often leading to death in the first decade. Patients may show a mild or typical lipodystrophic appearance (summary by Guillen-Navarro et al., 2013).  http://www.omim.org/entry/615924

Clinical features

From HPO
Hepatomegaly
MedGen UID:
42428
Concept ID:
C0019209
Finding
Abnormally increased size of the liver.
Cerebellar ataxia
MedGen UID:
849
Concept ID:
C0007758
Disease or Syndrome
Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).
Dystonic disorder
MedGen UID:
3940
Concept ID:
C0013421
Sign or Symptom
An abnormally increased muscular tone that causes fixed abnormal postures. There is a slow, intermittent twisting motion that leads to exaggerated turning and posture of the extremities and trunk.
Spasticity
MedGen UID:
7753
Concept ID:
C0026838
Sign or Symptom
A motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone, exaggerated (hyperexcitable) tendon reflexes.
Myoclonus
MedGen UID:
10234
Concept ID:
C0027066
Finding
Very brief, involuntary random muscular contractions occurring at rest, in response to sensory stimuli, or accompanying voluntary movements.
Seizure
MedGen UID:
20693
Concept ID:
C0036572
Sign or Symptom
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Tremor
MedGen UID:
21635
Concept ID:
C0040822
Sign or Symptom
An unintentional, oscillating to-and-fro muscle movement about a joint axis.
Encephalopathy
MedGen UID:
39314
Concept ID:
C0085584
Disease or Syndrome
Encephalopathy is a term that means brain disease, damage, or malfunction. In general, encephalopathy is manifested by an altered mental state.
Hyperreflexia
MedGen UID:
57738
Concept ID:
C0151889
Finding
Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles.
Abnormal pyramidal sign
MedGen UID:
68582
Concept ID:
C0234132
Sign or Symptom
Functional neurological abnormalities related to dysfunction of the pyramidal tract.
Mental deterioration
MedGen UID:
66713
Concept ID:
C0234985
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Loss of previously present mental abilities, generally in adults.
Cerebral atrophy
MedGen UID:
116012
Concept ID:
C0235946
Disease or Syndrome
Atrophy (wasting, decrease in size of cells or tissue) affecting the cerebrum.
Tetraparesis
MedGen UID:
78731
Concept ID:
C0270790
Finding
Weakness of all four limbs.
Hyperactivity
MedGen UID:
98406
Concept ID:
C0424295
Finding
Hyperactivity is a condition characterized by constant and unusually high levels of activity, even in situations where it is deemed inappropriate.
Delayed speech and language development
MedGen UID:
105318
Concept ID:
C0454644
Finding
A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age.
Loss of speech
MedGen UID:
107445
Concept ID:
C0542223
Finding
Developmental regression
MedGen UID:
324613
Concept ID:
C1836830
Disease or Syndrome
Loss of developmental skills, as manifested by loss of developmental milestones.
Neuronal loss in central nervous system
MedGen UID:
342515
Concept ID:
C1850496
Finding
Hypertriglyceridemia
MedGen UID:
167238
Concept ID:
C0813230
Finding
An abnormal increase in the level of triglycerides in the blood.

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVSevere neurodegenerative syndrome with lipodystrophy

Recent clinical studies

Prognosis

Guillén-Navarro E, Sánchez-Iglesias S, Domingo-Jiménez R, Victoria B, Ruiz-Riquelme A, Rábano A, Loidi L, Beiras A, González-Méndez B, Ramos A, López-González V, Ballesta-Martínez MJ, Garrido-Pumar M, Aguiar P, Ruibal A, Requena JR, Araújo-Vilar D
J Med Genet 2013 Jun;50(6):401-9. Epub 2013 Apr 6 doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2013-101525. PMID: 23564749

Clinical prediction guides

Samanci B, Bilgiç B, Gelişin Ö, Tepgeç F, Guven G, Tüfekçioğlu Z, Alaylıoğlu M, Hanagasi HA, Gürvit H, Guerreiro R, Hardy J, Emre M
Eur J Neurol 2021 Aug;28(8):2603-2613. Epub 2021 Jun 1 doi: 10.1111/ene.14908. PMID: 33969597

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