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Abnormal response to glucagon stimulation test

MedGen UID:
1386594
•Concept ID:
C4476959
•
Finding
HPO: HP:0031080

Definition

An anomalous response to the glucagon stimulation test, which like the insulin tolerance test (ITT) stimulates the release of both adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and growth hormone (GH). [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Chronic treatment of JTP-109192, a novel G-protein coupled receptor 119 agonist, improves metabolic abnormalities in Zucker Fatty rats.
Tadaki H, Sasase T, Fukuda S, Toriniwa Y, Harada K, Ohta T, Yamada T
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019 Oct;46(10):910-919. Epub 2019 Aug 30 doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.13152. PMID: 31380572
The natural history of post-traumatic hypopituitarism: implications for assessment and treatment.
Agha A, Phillips J, O'Kelly P, Tormey W, Thompson CJ
Am J Med 2005 Dec;118(12):1416. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.02.042. PMID: 16378796
Growth hormone (GH) secretion in children with Noonan syndrome: frequently abnormal without consequences for growth or response to GH treatment.
Noordam C, van der Burgt I, Sweep CG, Delemarre-van de Waal HA, Sengers RC, Otten BJ
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2001 Jan;54(1):53-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2001.01188.x. PMID: 11167926

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Altered Glucagon and GLP-1 Responses to Oral Glucose in Children and Adolescents With Obesity and Insulin Resistance.
Stinson SE, Fernández de Retana Alzola I, Brünner Hovendal ED, Lund MAV, Fonvig CE, Holm LA, Jonsson AE, Frithioff-Bøjsøe C, Christiansen M, Pedersen O, Ängquist L, Sørensen TIA, Holst JJ, Hartmann B, Holm JC, Hansen T
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024 May 17;109(6):1590-1600. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgad728. PMID: 38087928Free PMC Article
The rs10830963 Polymorphism of the MTNR1B Gene: Association With Abnormal Glucose, Insulin and C-peptide Kinetics.
Vejrazkova D, Vankova M, Vcelak J, Krejci H, Anderlova K, Tura A, Pacini G, Sumova A, Sladek M, Bendlova B
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022;13:868364. Epub 2022 Jun 6 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.868364. PMID: 35733780Free PMC Article
Investigation of pituitary functions after acute coronavirus disease 2019.
Urhan E, Karaca Z, Unuvar GK, Gundogan K, Unluhizarci K
Endocr J 2022 Jun 28;69(6):649-658. Epub 2022 Jan 6 doi: 10.1507/endocrj.EJ21-0531. PMID: 34987144
The accuracy of the glucagon test compared to the insulin tolerance test in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency in young children with growth hormone deficiency.
di Iorgi N, Napoli F, Allegri A, Secco A, Calandra E, Calcagno A, Frassinetti C, Ghezzi M, Ambrosini L, Parodi S, Gastaldi R, Loche S, Maghnie M
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010 May;95(5):2132-9. Epub 2010 Mar 29 doi: 10.1210/jc.2009-2697. PMID: 20350939
Diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in adults.
Korbonits M, Besser M
Horm Res 1996;46(4-5):174-82. doi: 10.1159/000185019. PMID: 8950617

Diagnosis

Altered Glucagon and GLP-1 Responses to Oral Glucose in Children and Adolescents With Obesity and Insulin Resistance.
Stinson SE, Fernández de Retana Alzola I, Brünner Hovendal ED, Lund MAV, Fonvig CE, Holm LA, Jonsson AE, Frithioff-Bøjsøe C, Christiansen M, Pedersen O, Ängquist L, Sørensen TIA, Holst JJ, Hartmann B, Holm JC, Hansen T
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024 May 17;109(6):1590-1600. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgad728. PMID: 38087928Free PMC Article
Investigation of pituitary functions after acute coronavirus disease 2019.
Urhan E, Karaca Z, Unuvar GK, Gundogan K, Unluhizarci K
Endocr J 2022 Jun 28;69(6):649-658. Epub 2022 Jan 6 doi: 10.1507/endocrj.EJ21-0531. PMID: 34987144
Abnormal post-prandial glucagon-like peptide release in patients with Crohn's disease.
Lucotti P, Lovati E, Lenti MV, Valvo B, Sprio E, Aronico N, Giuffrida P, Dell'Aera D, Pasini A, Ubezio C, Delliponti M, Tinelli C, Corazza GR, Di Sabatino A
Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2021 Jul;45(4):101533. Epub 2020 Oct 7 doi: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.08.011. PMID: 33036955
Diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in adults.
Korbonits M, Besser M
Horm Res 1996;46(4-5):174-82. doi: 10.1159/000185019. PMID: 8950617
Aetiology of gestational diabetes.
Kühl C
Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol 1991 Jun;5(2):279-92. doi: 10.1016/s0950-3552(05)80098-7. PMID: 1954714

Therapy

Islet Hormone and Incretin Secretion in Cystic Fibrosis after Four Months of Ivacaftor Therapy.
Kelly A, De Leon DD, Sheikh S, Camburn D, Kubrak C, Peleckis AJ, Stefanovski D, Hadjiliadis D, Rickels MR, Rubenstein RC
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019 Feb 1;199(3):342-351. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201806-1018OC. PMID: 30130412Free PMC Article
Common variants in the hERG (KCNH2) voltage-gated potassium channel are associated with altered fasting and glucose-stimulated plasma incretin and glucagon responses.
Engelbrechtsen L, Mahendran Y, Jonsson A, Gjesing AP, Weeke PE, Jørgensen ME, Færch K, Witte DR, Holst JJ, Jørgensen T, Grarup N, Pedersen O, Vestergaard H, Torekov S, Kanters JK, Hansen T
BMC Genet 2018 Mar 16;19(1):15. doi: 10.1186/s12863-018-0602-2. PMID: 29548277Free PMC Article
Revised GH and cortisol cut-points for the glucagon stimulation test in the evaluation of GH and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes in adults: results from a prospective randomized multicenter study.
Hamrahian AH, Yuen KC, Gordon MB, Pulaski-Liebert KJ, Bena J, Biller BM
Pituitary 2016 Jun;19(3):332-41. doi: 10.1007/s11102-016-0712-7. PMID: 26897383
Hypoglycemia in response to glucose and glucagon in insulinoma patients with a negative prolonged fast: functional and morphological properties.
Wiesli P, Schmid C, Perren A, Pfammatter T, Spinas GA, Keller U
J Endocrinol Invest 2004 Oct;27(9):832-8. doi: 10.1007/BF03346277. PMID: 15648547
A novel hyperglycaemic clamp for characterization of islet function in humans: assessment of three different secretagogues, maximal insulin response and reproducibility.
Fritsche A, Stefan N, Hardt E, Schützenauer S, Häring H, Stumvoll M
Eur J Clin Invest 2000 May;30(5):411-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2000.00649.x. PMID: 10809901

Prognosis

Islet Hormone and Incretin Secretion in Cystic Fibrosis after Four Months of Ivacaftor Therapy.
Kelly A, De Leon DD, Sheikh S, Camburn D, Kubrak C, Peleckis AJ, Stefanovski D, Hadjiliadis D, Rickels MR, Rubenstein RC
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019 Feb 1;199(3):342-351. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201806-1018OC. PMID: 30130412Free PMC Article
The natural history of post-traumatic hypopituitarism: implications for assessment and treatment.
Agha A, Phillips J, O'Kelly P, Tormey W, Thompson CJ
Am J Med 2005 Dec;118(12):1416. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.02.042. PMID: 16378796
Long-term (> 3-year) insulin independence in a patient with pancreatic islet cell transplantation following upper abdominal exenteration and liver replacement for fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma.
Carroll PB, Rilo HL, Alejandro R, Zeng Y, Khan R, Fontes P, Tzakis AG, Carr B, Ricordi C
Transplantation 1995 Mar 27;59(6):875-9. PMID: 7701583
Transient state of NIDDM in a patient with AIDS.
Abourizk NN, Lyons RW, Madden GM
Diabetes Care 1993 Jun;16(6):931-3. doi: 10.2337/diacare.16.6.931. PMID: 8325210
Long-term metabolic control in recipients of combined pancreas and kidney transplants.
Holdaas H, Brekke IB, Hartmann A, Bentdal OH, Ganes T, Gjellestad A, Fauchald P, Berg KJ, Djøseland O, Jervell J
Diabetologia 1991 Aug;34 Suppl 1:S68-70. doi: 10.1007/BF00587623. PMID: 1936699

Clinical prediction guides

The rs10830963 Polymorphism of the MTNR1B Gene: Association With Abnormal Glucose, Insulin and C-peptide Kinetics.
Vejrazkova D, Vankova M, Vcelak J, Krejci H, Anderlova K, Tura A, Pacini G, Sumova A, Sladek M, Bendlova B
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022;13:868364. Epub 2022 Jun 6 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.868364. PMID: 35733780Free PMC Article
Islet Hormone and Incretin Secretion in Cystic Fibrosis after Four Months of Ivacaftor Therapy.
Kelly A, De Leon DD, Sheikh S, Camburn D, Kubrak C, Peleckis AJ, Stefanovski D, Hadjiliadis D, Rickels MR, Rubenstein RC
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019 Feb 1;199(3):342-351. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201806-1018OC. PMID: 30130412Free PMC Article
Common variants in the hERG (KCNH2) voltage-gated potassium channel are associated with altered fasting and glucose-stimulated plasma incretin and glucagon responses.
Engelbrechtsen L, Mahendran Y, Jonsson A, Gjesing AP, Weeke PE, Jørgensen ME, Færch K, Witte DR, Holst JJ, Jørgensen T, Grarup N, Pedersen O, Vestergaard H, Torekov S, Kanters JK, Hansen T
BMC Genet 2018 Mar 16;19(1):15. doi: 10.1186/s12863-018-0602-2. PMID: 29548277Free PMC Article
Evolution of abnormal plasma glucagon responses to mixed-meal feedings in youth with type 1 diabetes during the first 2 years after diagnosis.
Sherr J, Tsalikian E, Fox L, Buckingham B, Weinzimer S, Tamborlane WV, White NH, Arbelaez AM, Kollman C, Ruedy KJ, Cheng P, Beck RW; Diabetes Research in Children Network
Diabetes Care 2014 Jun;37(6):1741-4. Epub 2014 Apr 2 doi: 10.2337/dc13-2612. PMID: 24696460Free PMC Article
Aetiology of gestational diabetes.
Kühl C
Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol 1991 Jun;5(2):279-92. doi: 10.1016/s0950-3552(05)80098-7. PMID: 1954714

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