U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

GTR Home > Conditions/Phenotypes > Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Synonyms
DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2, PROTECTION AGAINST; Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, late onset; KCNJ11-Related Susceptibility to Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Type II diabetes mellitus

Summary

Excerpted from the GeneReview: WFS1 Spectrum Disorder
WFS1 spectrum disorder (WFS1-SD) comprises classic WFS1 spectrum disorder and nonclassic WFS1 spectrum disorder. Classic WFS1-SD, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by onset of diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy before age 16 years. Additional complications may include one or more of the following: variable hearing impairment / deafness, diabetes insipidus, neurologic abnormalities, neurogenic bladder, and psychiatric abnormalities. Nonclassic WFS1-SD is less common than classic WFS1-SD. Phenotypes that appear to be milder than classic WFS1-SD include: optic atrophy and hearing impairment; neonatal diabetes, profound congenital deafness, and cataracts; isolated diabetes mellitus; isolated congenital cataracts; and isolated congenital, slowly progressive, and low-frequency (<2000 Hz) sensorineural hearing loss.
Full text of GeneReview (by section):
Summary
GeneReview Scope
Diagnosis
Clinical Characteristics
Genetically Related (Allelic) Disorders
Differential Diagnosis
Management
Genetic Counseling
Resources
Molecular Genetics
Chapter Notes
References
Authors:
Timothy Barrett
Lisbeth Tranebjærg
Rajat Gupta
view full author information

Available tests

283 tests are in the database for this condition.

Check Related conditions for additional relevant tests.

Clinical tests (282 available)

Biochemical Genetics Tests

Molecular Genetics Tests

Research tests

Genes See tests for all associated and related genes

  • Also known as: ABC36, HHF1, HI, HRINS, MRP8, PHHI, PNDM3, SUR, SUR1, SUR1delta2, TNDM2, ABCC8
    Summary: ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 8

  • Also known as: HIHGHH, PKBB, PKBBETA, PRKBB, RAC-BETA, AKT2
    Summary: AKT serine/threonine kinase 2

  • Also known as: ARHR2, COLED, M6S1, NPP1, NPPS, PC-1, PCA1, PDNP1, ENPP1
    Summary: ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1

  • Also known as: FGQTL3, GK, GLK, HHF3, HK4, HKIV, HXKP, LGLK, MODY2, PNDM1, GCK
    Summary: glucokinase

  • Also known as: GDH2, GPDM, mGDH, mGPDH, GPD2
    Summary: glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2

  • Also known as: HMG-R, HMGA1A, HMGIY, HMGA1
    Summary: high mobility group AT-hook 1

  • Also known as: HNF-1-alpha, HNF-1A, HNF1, HNF1alpha, HNF4A, IDDM20, LFB1, MODY3, TCF-1, TCF1, HNF1A
    Summary: HNF1 homeobox A

  • Also known as: ADTKD3, FJHN, HNF-1-beta, HNF-1B, HNF1beta, HNF2, HPC11, LF-B3, LFB3, MODY5, RCAD, T2D, TCF-2, TCF2, VHNF1, HNF1B
    Summary: HNF1 homeobox B

  • Also known as: FRTS4, HNF4, HNF4a7, HNF4a8, HNF4a9, HNF4alpha, MODY, MODY1, NR2A1, NR2A21, TCF, TCF-14, TCF14, HNF4A
    Summary: hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha

  • Also known as: IMP-2, IMP2, VICKZ2, IGF2BP2
    Summary: insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2

  • Also known as: BSF-2, BSF2, CDF, HGF, HSF, IFN-beta-2, IFNB2, IL-6, IL6
    Summary: interleukin 6

  • Also known as: HIRS-1, IRS1
    Summary: insulin receptor substrate 1

  • Also known as: IRS-2, IRS2
    Summary: insulin receptor substrate 2

  • Also known as: BIR, HHF2, IKATP, KIR6.2, MODY13, PHHI, PNDM2, TNDM3, KCNJ11
    Summary: potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 11

  • Also known as: HDLCQ12, HL, HTGL, LIPH, LIPC
    Summary: lipase C, hepatic type

  • Also known as: IB1, JIP-1, JIP1, PRKM8IP, MAPK8IP1
    Summary: mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 interacting protein 1

  • Also known as: FGQTL2, MEL-1B-R, MT2, MTNR1B
    Summary: melatonin receptor 1B

  • Also known as: BETA2, BHF-1, MODY6, NEUROD, T2D, bHLHa3, NEUROD1
    Summary: neuronal differentiation 1

  • Also known as: KPD, MODY9, PAX4
    Summary: paired box 4

  • Also known as: GSF, IDX-1, IPF1, IUF1, MODY4, PAGEN1, PDX-1, STF-1, PDX1
    Summary: pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1

  • Also known as: CIMT1, GLM1, NR1C3, PPARG1, PPARG2, PPARG5, PPARgamma, PPARG
    Summary: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma

  • Also known as: GM, PP1G, PPP1R3, PPP1R3A
    Summary: protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3A

  • Also known as: PTP1B, PTPN1
    Summary: protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1

  • Also known as: ADSF, FIZZ3, RENT, RETN1, RSTN, XCP1, RETN
    Summary: resistin

  • Also known as: GLUT2, SLC2A2
    Summary: solute carrier family 2 member 2

  • Also known as: ZNT8, ZnT-8, SLC30A8
    Summary: solute carrier family 30 member 8

  • Also known as: TCF-4, TCF4, TCF7L2
    Summary: transcription factor 7 like 2

  • Also known as: CTRCT41, WFRS, WFS, WFSL, WFS1
    Summary: wolframin ER transmembrane glycoprotein

Clinical features

Help
Imported from Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO)

Show allHide all

Reviews

Clinical resources

Practice guidelines

  • NICE, 2023
    UK NICE Guideline NG136, Hypertension in adults: diagnosis and management, 2023
  • NICE, 2023
    UK NICE Guideline NG18, Diabetes (type 1 and type 2) in children and young people: diagnosis and management, 2023
  • NICE, 2023
    UK NICE Guidance, Clinical Guideline CG181, Cardiovascular disease: risk assessment and reduction, including lipid modification, 2023
  • NICE, 2022
    UK NICE Guideline NG28, Type 2 diabetes in adults: management, 2022
  • NICE, 2020
    UK NICE Guideline NG3, Diabetes in pregnancy: management from preconception to the postnatal period
  • NICE, 2019
    UK NICE Guideline NG19, Diabetic foot problems: prevention and management, 2019

Molecular resources

Consumer resources

IMPORTANT NOTE: NIH does not independently verify information submitted to the GTR; it relies on submitters to provide information that is accurate and not misleading. NIH makes no endorsements of tests or laboratories listed in the GTR. GTR is not a substitute for medical advice. Patients and consumers with specific questions about a genetic test should contact a health care provider or a genetics professional.