S
I
D
E
B
A
R
Links from PubChem Compound
- Official
Symbol
- ENPP2provided by HGNC
- Official
Full Name
- ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2provided by HGNC
- Primary source
-
HGNC:HGNC:3357
- See related
-
Ensembl:ENSG00000136960
MIM:601060;
AllianceGenome:HGNC:3357
- Gene type
- protein coding
- RefSeq status
- REVIEWED
- Organism
-
Homo sapiens
- Lineage
- Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
- Also known as
- ATX; NPP2; ATX-X; PDNP2; LysoPLD; AUTOTAXIN; PD-IALPHA
- Summary
- The protein encoded by this gene functions as both a phosphodiesterase, which cleaves phosphodiester bonds at the 5' end of oligonucleotides, and a phospholipase, which catalyzes production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. LPA evokes growth factor-like responses including stimulation of cell proliferation and chemotaxis. This gene product stimulates the motility of tumor cells and has angiogenic properties, and its expression is upregulated in several kinds of carcinomas. The gene product is secreted and further processed to make the biologically active form. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008]
- Expression
- Broad expression in placenta (RPKM 83.1), brain (RPKM 52.1) and 18 other tissues See more
- Orthologs
-
mouse
all
-
NEW
-
Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table
- Exon count:
- 29
Annotation release |
Status |
Assembly |
Chr
|
Location |
RS_2023_10 |
current |
GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) |
8 |
NC_000008.11 (119557086..119673390, complement) |
RS_2023_10 |
current |
T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) |
8 |
NC_060932.1 (120685947..120802252, complement) |
105.20220307 |
previous assembly |
GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) |
8 |
NC_000008.10 (120569326..120685630, complement) |
Chromosome 8 - NC_000008.11
- Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
- Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
- BioProject: PRJEB4337
- Publication:
PMID 24309898
- Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018
-
The Role of Autotaxin and LPA Signaling in Embryonic Development, Pathophysiology and Cancer.
Magkrioti C, et al. Int J Mol Sci, 2023 May 5. PMID 37176032, Free PMC Article
-
Role of Autotaxin in High Glucose-Induced Human ARPE-19 Cells.
Liu Y, et al. Int J Mol Sci, 2022 Aug 16. PMID 36012446, Free PMC Article
-
ENPP2 Promoter Methylation Correlates with Decreased Gene Expression in Breast Cancer: Implementation as a Liquid Biopsy Biomarker.
Panagopoulou M, et al. Int J Mol Sci, 2022 Mar 28. PMID 35409077, Free PMC Article
-
Autotaxin impedes anti-tumor immunity by suppressing chemotaxis and tumor infiltration of CD8(+) T cells.
Matas-Rico E, et al. Cell Rep, 2021 Nov 16. PMID 34788605, Free PMC Article
-
ENPP2 Methylation in Health and Cancer.
Panagopoulou M, et al. Int J Mol Sci, 2021 Nov 4. PMID 34769391, Free PMC Article
See all (199) citations in PubMed
Protein interactions
Protein |
Gene |
Interaction |
Pubs |
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120
|
env
|
HIV-1 gp120 downregulates the expression of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2 (ENPP2) in human B cells |
PubMed
|
Tat
|
tat
|
HIV-1 Tat decreases Autotaxin (ENPP2) secretion by mouse brain oligodendrocytes |
PubMed
|
|
tat
|
HIV-1 Tat inhibits Autotaxin (ENPP2) lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD) function of converting to lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in oligodendrocytes |
PubMed
|
|
tat
|
HIV-1 Tat interacts with Autotaxin (ENPP2) in mouse brain oligodendrocytes |
PubMed
|
Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database
Products |
Interactant |
Other Gene |
Complex |
Source |
Pubs |
Description |
- D8S269 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- Preferred Names
- ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2
- Names
- E-NPP 2
- autotaxin-t
- extracellular lysophospholipase D
- phosphodiesterase I/nucleotide pyrophosphatase 2
- plasma lysophospholipase D
- NP_001035181.1
-
- NP_001124335.1
-
- NP_001317529.1
-
- NP_006200.3
-
- XP_006716647.1
-
- XP_006716648.1
-
- XP_006716650.1
-
- XP_016869061.1
-
- XP_016869062.1
-
- XP_016869063.1
-
- XP_016869064.1
-
- XP_024302949.1
-
- XP_024302950.1
-
- XP_054216623.1
-
- XP_054216624.1
-
- XP_054216625.1
-
- XP_054216626.1
-
- XP_054216627.1
-
- XP_054216628.1
-
- XP_054216629.1
-
- XP_054216630.1
-
- XP_054216631.1
-
NEW
Try the new Transcript table
These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain
These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome
annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current
genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in
this section to the one reported in Genomic regions,
transcripts, and products above.
Genomic
-
NG_029498.3 RefSeqGene
- Range
-
39738..121491
- Download
- GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
mRNA and Protein(s)
-
NM_001040092.3 → NP_001035181.1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform 2 preproprotein
See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001035181.1
Status: REVIEWED
- Description
- Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an exon in the coding region, but maintains the reading frame, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2, also known as beta) is shorter than isoform 1.
- Source sequence(s)
-
AI375195, AK315253, DA922156
- Consensus CDS
-
CCDS34936.1
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
- A8UHA1, E9PHP7, Q13822, Q13827, Q14555, Q15117, Q9UCQ8, Q9UCR0, Q9UCR1, Q9UCR2, Q9UCR3, Q9UCR4
- Related
- ENSP00000075322.6, ENST00000075322.11
- Conserved Domains (3) summary
-
- smart00201
Location:55 → 98
- SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
- smart00477
Location:615 → 845
- NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
- pfam01663
Location:166 → 478
- Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
-
NM_001130863.3 → NP_001124335.1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform 3 preproprotein
See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001124335.1
Status: REVIEWED
- Description
- Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks includes an alternate exon in the 5' coding region and lacks an exon in the 3' coding region, but maintains the reading frame, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (3, also known as gamma) is shorter than isoform 1.
- Source sequence(s)
-
AC099818, AI375195, CA390514, DB468753, EU131011
- Consensus CDS
-
CCDS47914.1
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
-
Q13822
- Related
- ENSP00000428291.1, ENST00000522826.5
- Conserved Domains (4) summary
-
- smart00201
Location:55 → 98
- SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
- smart00477
Location:640 → 870
- NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
- pfam01663
Location:166 → 478
- Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
- cd16018
Location:164 → 518
- Enpp; Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase, also called autotaxin
-
NM_001330600.2 → NP_001317529.1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform 4
Status: REVIEWED
- Source sequence(s)
-
AC099818, AC107960
- Consensus CDS
-
CCDS83317.1
- UniProtKB/TrEMBL
-
E7EUF1
- Related
- ENSP00000403315.2, ENST00000427067.6
-
NM_006209.5 → NP_006200.3 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform 1 preproprotein
See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_006200.3
Status: REVIEWED
- Description
- Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (1, also known as alpha).
- Source sequence(s)
-
AA256687, AC099818, DB468753, L35594
- Consensus CDS
-
CCDS6329.1
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
-
Q13822
- Related
- ENSP00000259486.6, ENST00000259486.10
- Conserved Domains (4) summary
-
- smart00201
Location:55 → 98
- SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
- smart00477
Location:667 → 897
- NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
- pfam01663
Location:166 → 530
- Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
- cd16018
Location:164 → 570
- Enpp; Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase, also called autotaxin
RNA
-
NR_045555.2 RNA Sequence
Status: REVIEWED
- Description
- Transcript Variant: This variant (4) uses an alternate 5'-most exon compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding due to the presence of an upstream ORF that is predicted to interfere with translation of the longest ORF; translation of the upstream ORF renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
- Source sequence(s)
-
AA256687, AK130313, BM694754, DA919550, DA922156
- Related
-
ENST00000522167.5
The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a
specific genome build. Explain
This section includes genomic Reference
Sequences (RefSeqs) from all assemblies on which this gene is annotated, such as
RefSeqs for chromosomes and scaffolds (contigs) from both reference and alternate
assemblies. Model RNAs and proteins are also reported here.
Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly
Genomic
-
NC_000008.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly
- Range
-
119557086..119673390 complement
- Download
- GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
mRNA and Protein(s)
-
XM_024447182.2 → XP_024302950.1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X9
- Conserved Domains (3) summary
-
- smart00201
Location:51 → 94
- SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
- smart00477
Location:607 → 837
- NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
- pfam01663
Location:162 → 474
- Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
-
XM_017013573.2 → XP_016869062.1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X6
-
XM_017013574.2 → XP_016869063.1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X8
-
XM_024447181.2 → XP_024302949.1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X2
- Conserved Domains (3) summary
-
- smart00201
Location:51 → 94
- SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
- smart00477
Location:688 → 918
- NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
- pfam01663
Location:162 → 526
- Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
-
XM_017013575.2 → XP_016869064.1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X7
-
XM_017013572.2 → XP_016869061.1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X5
-
XM_006716587.2 → XP_006716650.1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X4
- Conserved Domains (4) summary
-
- smart00201
Location:55 → 98
- SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
- smart00477
Location:663 → 893
- NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
- pfam01663
Location:166 → 530
- Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
- cd16018
Location:164 → 570
- Enpp; Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase, also called autotaxin
-
XM_006716585.2 → XP_006716648.1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X3
- Conserved Domains (4) summary
-
- smart00201
Location:55 → 98
- SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
- smart00477
Location:688 → 918
- NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
- pfam01663
Location:166 → 530
- Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
- cd16018
Location:164 → 570
- Enpp; Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase, also called autotaxin
-
XM_006716584.2 → XP_006716647.1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X1
- Conserved Domains (4) summary
-
- smart00201
Location:55 → 98
- SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
- smart00477
Location:692 → 922
- NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
- pfam01663
Location:166 → 530
- Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
- cd16018
Location:164 → 570
- Enpp; Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase, also called autotaxin
Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0
Genomic
-
NC_060932.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0
- Range
-
120685947..120802252 complement
- Download
- GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
mRNA and Protein(s)
-
XM_054360656.1 → XP_054216631.1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X9
-
XM_054360653.1 → XP_054216628.1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X6
-
XM_054360655.1 → XP_054216630.1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X8
-
XM_054360649.1 → XP_054216624.1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X2
-
XM_054360654.1 → XP_054216629.1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X7
-
XM_054360652.1 → XP_054216627.1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X5
-
XM_054360651.1 → XP_054216626.1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X4
-
XM_054360650.1 → XP_054216625.1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X3
-
XM_054360648.1 → XP_054216623.1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X1
The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.
Molecular Biology Databases
- Bgee database
- BioGPS
- BioGRID Open Repository of CRISPR Screens (ORCS)
- CREB Target Gene Database
- Domain Mapping of Disease Mutations
- Eukaryotic Promoter Database
- GenScript latest version of gene cDNA ORF Clone
- GlyGen glycoinformatics resource
- Guide to Pharmacology
- Human eFP Browser
- Ingenuity Pathways Analysis
- InnateDB
- InterMine
- Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- OMA Browser: Orthologous MAtrix
- OrthoDB catalog of orthologs
- PANTHER Classification System
- PhosphoSitePlus
- The Gene Wiki
- The Weizmann Institute of Science GeneCards and MalaCards databases
- iRefWeb - iRefIndex release 9.0 - Consolidated Interactome
Research Materials
- Addgene Non-profit plasmid repository
- ExactAntigen/Labome
- GeneCopoeia Inc.
- GeneTex Inc
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute
- NITE Biological Resource Center
- Sino Biological Inc.