Gclm glutamate cysteine ligase, modifier subunit [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Gclmprovided by RGD
Official Full Name: glutamate cysteine ligase, modifier subunitprovided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:619871
See related: Ensembl:ENSRNOG00000013409 AllianceGenome:RGD:619871
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: Glclr
Summary: Enables glutamate-cysteine ligase activity and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit binding activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to growth factor stimulus; cellular response to thyroxine stimulus; and response to gonadotropin. Part of glutamate-cysteine ligase complex. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in myocardial infarction and vascular dementia. Orthologous to human GCLM (glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
Expression: Biased expression in Kidney (RPKM 2962.3), Liver (RPKM 419.8) and 1 other tissue See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 2q42

Exon count:: 7

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	2	NC_086020.1 (213032135..213052192)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	2	NC_051337.1 (210347482..210367537)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	2	NC_005101.4 (225827504..225847876)

Chromosome 2 - NC_086020.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Study determined the effects of troxerutin on cognitive deficits and glutamate cysteine ligase subunits (GCLM and GCLC) in the hippocampus of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus rat: troxerutin alleviates oxidative stress and promotes learning potential in STZ-induced diabetic rats likely through GCL mechanisms, especially that of GCLC.
Title: Effects of troxerutin on cognitive deficits and glutamate cysteine ligase subunits in the hippocampus of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus rats.
Upregulation of both GCLC and GLCM mRNA levels in response to cysteine deprivation was dependent on new protein synthesis.
Title: Upregulation of capacity for glutathione synthesis in response to amino acid deprivation: regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase subunits.
Thus, the present results indicate that the vitamin E-induced regulation of SRD5A1 and GCLM in rat liver is not directly mediated by changes in promoter DNA methylation.
Title: Dietary vitamin E deficiency does not affect global and specific DNA methylation patterns in rat liver.
gonadotropins regulate follicular GCL expression in a follicle stage-dependent manner and in a GCL subunit-dependent manner
Title: Gonadotropin regulation of glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic and modifier subunit expression in rat ovary is subunit and follicle stage specific.
the catalytic efficiency of rat GCL is increased by holoenzyme formation and the first demonstration of differential up-regulation of the GCL subunits in response to cysteine deprivation
Title: Differential regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase subunit expression and increased holoenzyme formation in response to cysteine deprivation.
specific and independent disruption of each subunit of GCL in neurons can be said to cause a primary decrease in glutathione that is sufficient to promote neurodegeneration
Title: Knockdown of glutamate-cysteine ligase by small hairpin RNA reveals that both catalytic and modulatory subunits are essential for the survival of primary neurons.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

RH94669 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:119916

RH129590 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:212889

D1S3412 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:28861

RH127880 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:211190

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables enzyme regulator activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables glutamate-cysteine ligase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
contributes_to glutamate-cysteine ligase activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
contributes_to glutamate-cysteine ligase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables protein-containing complex binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within apoptotic mitochondrial changes	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in blood vessel diameter maintenance	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in blood vessel diameter maintenance	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to glucose stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to thyroxine stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within cysteine metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in glutamate metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in glutamate metabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in glutathione biosynthetic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in glutathione biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in glutathione biosynthetic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within glutathione biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in glutathione biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in glutathione biosynthetic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within glutathione metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in hepatic stellate cell activation	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of mitochondrial depolarization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to activity	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to human chorionic gonadotropin	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to nitrosative stress	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in response to nutrient	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to oxidative stress	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to oxidative stress	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to oxidative stress	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to oxidative stress	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in response to xenobiotic stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to xenobiotic stimulus	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
part_of glutamate-cysteine ligase complex	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
part_of glutamate-cysteine ligase complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
part_of glutamate-cysteine ligase complex	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit

Names: GCS light chain; gamma-ECS regulatory subunit; gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase regulatory subunit; glutamate cysteine ligase (gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase), regulatory

NP_059001.1

EC 6.3.2.2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.