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    Tro trophinin [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

    Gene ID: 56191, updated on 8-May-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Troprovided by MGI
    Official Full Name
    trophininprovided by MGI
    Primary source
    MGI:MGI:1928994
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000025272 AllianceGenome:MGI:1928994
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Mus musculus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
    Also known as
    Tnn; Trol; Maged3; Maged3l; magphinin
    Summary
    Acts upstream of or within negative regulation of cell growth. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. Is expressed in several structures, including branchial arch; early conceptus; limb; and secondary oocyte. Orthologous to human TRO (trophinin). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
    Expression
    Biased expression in CNS E18 (RPKM 39.5), whole brain E14.5 (RPKM 32.7) and 10 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    human all
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    Genomic context

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    See Tro in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    X F3; X 68.46 cM
    Exon count:
    15
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) X NC_000086.8 (149427706..149440579, complement)
    108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) X NC_000086.7 (150644710..150657583, complement)

    Chromosome X - NC_000086.8Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 2 Neighboring gene Alas2R1 erythroid cis-regulatory module Neighboring gene aminolevulinic acid synthase 2, erythroid Neighboring gene Alas2R3 erythroid cis-regulatory module Neighboring gene 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 1 Neighboring gene voltage-dependent anion channel 1 pseudogene Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L13 pseudogene

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
    • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
    • BioProject: PRJNA66167
    • Publication: PMID 25409824
    • Analysis date: n/a

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Enhancement of mouse sperm motility by trophinin-binding peptide. Park SK, et al. Reprod Biol Endocrinol, 2012 Nov 29. PMID 23194061, Free PMC Article
    2. Significant differences between mouse and human trophinins are revealed by their expression patterns and targeted disruption of mouse trophinin gene. Nadano D, et al. Biol Reprod, 2002 Feb. PMID 11804944
    3. Trophinin expression in the mouse uterus coincides with implantation and is hormonally regulated but not induced by implanting blastocysts. Suzuki N, et al. Endocrinology, 2000 Nov. PMID 11089559
    4. The trophinin gene encodes a novel group of MAGE proteins, magphinins, and regulates cell proliferation during gametogenesis in the mouse. Saburi S, et al. J Biol Chem, 2001 Dec 28. PMID 11590179
    5. Comparative expression analysis of the MAGED genes during embryogenesis and brain development. Bertrand M, et al. Dev Dyn, 2004 Jun. PMID 15162511

    See all (25) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. The expression of trophinin in the mouse sperm tail causes a significant increase in sperm motility.
      Title: Enhancement of mouse sperm motility by trophinin-binding peptide.
    2. Targeted disruption of the trophinin gene in the mouse showed a partial embryonic lethality in a 129/SvJ background
      Title: Significant differences between mouse and human trophinins are revealed by their expression patterns and targeted disruption of mouse trophinin gene.
    3. Maged3 expression is restricted to the central nervous system where it was mostly detected in postmitotic neurons
      Title: Comparative expression analysis of the MAGED genes during embryogenesis and brain development.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Variation

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    Alleles

    Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
    • Endonuclease-mediated (2) 
    • Targeted (1)  1 citation

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables molecular_function ND
    No biological Data available
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of cell growth IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in nucleus IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    trophinin
    Names
    melanoma antigen, family D, 3
    necdin and trophinin like
    trophinin-2

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001002272.3 → NP_001002272.1  trophinin isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001002272.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (1). Variants 1 and 4 encode the same isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AL672150
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS30465.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6DIC6
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000108329.2, ENSMUST00000112709.8
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      COG4372
      Location:217 → 445
      COG4372; Uncharacterized conserved protein, contains DUF3084 domain [Function unknown]
      pfam05109
      Location:20 → 243
      Herpes_BLLF1; Herpes virus major outer envelope glycoprotein (BLLF1)
      pfam01454
      Location:596 → 756
      MAGE; MAGE family
      NF033849
      Location:1454 → 1792
      ser_rich_anae_1; serine-rich protein
      cl01807
      Location:944 → 1042
      DUF1517; Protein of unknown function (DUF1517)

    2. NM_001290770.1 → NP_001277699.1  trophinin isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001277699.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) differs in the 5' UTR, compared to variant 1. Variants 1 and 4 encode the same isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AL672150, BC075630
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS30465.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6DIC6
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000084513.4, ENSMUST00000087258.10
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      COG4372
      Location:217 → 445
      COG4372; Uncharacterized conserved protein, contains DUF3084 domain [Function unknown]
      pfam05109
      Location:20 → 243
      Herpes_BLLF1; Herpes virus major outer envelope glycoprotein (BLLF1)
      pfam01454
      Location:596 → 756
      MAGE; MAGE family
      NF033849
      Location:1454 → 1792
      ser_rich_anae_1; serine-rich protein
      cl01807
      Location:944 → 1042
      DUF1517; Protein of unknown function (DUF1517)

    3. NM_001290771.1 → NP_001277700.1  trophinin isoform 4

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (5) uses an alternate splice site in the 3' coding region, which results in a frameshift, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (4) has a distinct C-terminus and is shorter than isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL672150
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS72448.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      E9Q098, Q99PH7
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000120457.3, ENSMUST00000151403.9
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam01454
      Location:596 → 756
      MAGE; MAGE family

    4. NM_001290772.1 → NP_001277701.1  trophinin isoform 5

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (6) lacks an alternate exon in the 3' coding region, which results in a frameshift, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (5) has a distinct C-terminus and is shorter than isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL672150
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS81183.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      E9Q160, Q99PH6
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000126054.2, ENSMUST00000163969.8
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam01454
      Location:596 → 756
      MAGE; MAGE family

    5. NM_019548.4 → NP_062421.2  trophinin isoform 3

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks an in-frame segment in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (3) is shorter than isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL672150
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS53221.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      E9Q886, Q99PW2
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000084508.5, ENSMUST00000087253.11
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam01454
      Location:596 → 756
      MAGE; MAGE family

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Genomic

    1. NC_000086.8 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

      Range
      149427706..149440579 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_011247847.2 → XP_011246149.1  trophinin isoform X2

      Conserved Domains (6) summary
      COG1357
      Location:1432 → 1641
      YjbI; Uncharacterized protein YjbI, contains pentapeptide repeats [Function unknown]
      COG4372
      Location:217 → 445
      COG4372; Uncharacterized conserved protein, contains DUF3084 domain [Function unknown]
      pfam01454
      Location:596 → 756
      MAGE; MAGE family
      pfam17823
      Location:100 → 304
      DUF5585; Family of unknown function (DUF5585)
      NF033176
      Location:1308 → 1775
      auto_AIDA-I; autotransporter adhesin AIDA-I
      cl01807
      Location:944 → 1009
      DUF1517; Protein of unknown function (DUF1517)

    2. XM_011247848.2 → XP_011246150.1  trophinin isoform X5

      Conserved Domains (6) summary
      COG1357
      Location:1408 → 1617
      YjbI; Uncharacterized protein YjbI, contains pentapeptide repeats [Function unknown]
      COG4372
      Location:217 → 445
      COG4372; Uncharacterized conserved protein, contains DUF3084 domain [Function unknown]
      pfam01454
      Location:596 → 756
      MAGE; MAGE family
      pfam17823
      Location:100 → 304
      DUF5585; Family of unknown function (DUF5585)
      NF033176
      Location:1284 → 1751
      auto_AIDA-I; autotransporter adhesin AIDA-I
      cl01807
      Location:944 → 1042
      DUF1517; Protein of unknown function (DUF1517)

    3. XM_017318573.2 → XP_017174062.1  trophinin isoform X4

      Conserved Domains (6) summary
      COG1357
      Location:1408 → 1617
      YjbI; Uncharacterized protein YjbI, contains pentapeptide repeats [Function unknown]
      COG4372
      Location:217 → 445
      COG4372; Uncharacterized conserved protein, contains DUF3084 domain [Function unknown]
      pfam01454
      Location:596 → 756
      MAGE; MAGE family
      pfam17823
      Location:100 → 304
      DUF5585; Family of unknown function (DUF5585)
      NF033176
      Location:1284 → 1751
      auto_AIDA-I; autotransporter adhesin AIDA-I
      cl01807
      Location:944 → 1042
      DUF1517; Protein of unknown function (DUF1517)

    4. XM_017318572.2 → XP_017174061.1  trophinin isoform X3

      Conserved Domains (6) summary
      COG1357
      Location:1442 → 1641
      YjbI; Uncharacterized protein YjbI, contains pentapeptide repeats [Function unknown]
      COG4372
      Location:217 → 445
      COG4372; Uncharacterized conserved protein, contains DUF3084 domain [Function unknown]
      pfam01454
      Location:596 → 756
      MAGE; MAGE family
      pfam17823
      Location:100 → 304
      DUF5585; Family of unknown function (DUF5585)
      NF033176
      Location:1318 → 1765
      auto_AIDA-I; autotransporter adhesin AIDA-I
      cl01807
      Location:944 → 1042
      DUF1517; Protein of unknown function (DUF1517)

    5. XM_006528916.5 → XP_006528979.1  trophinin isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006528979.1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6DIC6
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      COG4372
      Location:217 → 445
      COG4372; Uncharacterized conserved protein, contains DUF3084 domain [Function unknown]
      pfam05109
      Location:20 → 243
      Herpes_BLLF1; Herpes virus major outer envelope glycoprotein (BLLF1)
      pfam01454
      Location:596 → 756
      MAGE; MAGE family
      NF033849
      Location:1454 → 1792
      ser_rich_anae_1; serine-rich protein
      cl01807
      Location:944 → 1042
      DUF1517; Protein of unknown function (DUF1517)

    6. XM_036162036.1 → XP_036017929.1  trophinin isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6DIC6
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      COG4372
      Location:217 → 445
      COG4372; Uncharacterized conserved protein, contains DUF3084 domain [Function unknown]
      pfam05109
      Location:20 → 243
      Herpes_BLLF1; Herpes virus major outer envelope glycoprotein (BLLF1)
      pfam01454
      Location:596 → 756
      MAGE; MAGE family
      NF033849
      Location:1454 → 1792
      ser_rich_anae_1; serine-rich protein
      cl01807
      Location:944 → 1042
      DUF1517; Protein of unknown function (DUF1517)

    7. XM_011247845.3 → XP_011246147.1  trophinin isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011246147.1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6DIC6
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      COG4372
      Location:217 → 445
      COG4372; Uncharacterized conserved protein, contains DUF3084 domain [Function unknown]
      pfam05109
      Location:20 → 243
      Herpes_BLLF1; Herpes virus major outer envelope glycoprotein (BLLF1)
      pfam01454
      Location:596 → 756
      MAGE; MAGE family
      NF033849
      Location:1454 → 1792
      ser_rich_anae_1; serine-rich protein
      cl01807
      Location:944 → 1042
      DUF1517; Protein of unknown function (DUF1517)

    8. XM_011247846.3 → XP_011246148.1  trophinin isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011246148.1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6DIC6
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      COG4372
      Location:217 → 445
      COG4372; Uncharacterized conserved protein, contains DUF3084 domain [Function unknown]
      pfam05109
      Location:20 → 243
      Herpes_BLLF1; Herpes virus major outer envelope glycoprotein (BLLF1)
      pfam01454
      Location:596 → 756
      MAGE; MAGE family
      NF033849
      Location:1454 → 1792
      ser_rich_anae_1; serine-rich protein
      cl01807
      Location:944 → 1042
      DUF1517; Protein of unknown function (DUF1517)

    Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

    The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

    1. NM_207679.2: Suppressed sequence

      Description
      NM_207679.2: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because currently there is insufficient support for the transcript and the protein.
    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version

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