Atrn attractin [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Atrnprovided by MGI
Official Full Name: attractinprovided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:1341628
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000027312 AllianceGenome:MGI:1341628
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: mg; Mgca
Summary: This gene encodes a widely expressed transmembrane glycoprotein that plays important roles in diverse physiological processes such as regulation of hair pigmentation, monocyte-T cell interaction and control of energy homeostasis. The encoded preproprotein undergoes proteolytic processing to generate a mature, functional protein. Certain mutations in this gene are responsible for the mahogany mouse phenotype of dark brown or black coat on a normally agouti background. Mice with loss-of-function mutations in this gene exhibit black coat color, tremor, adiposity, higher basal metabolic rate, juvenile-onset hypomyelination and age-dependent spongiform neurodegeneration of the central nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]
Expression: Ubiquitous expression in bladder adult (RPKM 35.4), cortex adult (RPKM 13.3) and 27 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: 2 F1; 2 63.26 cM

Exon count:: 30

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	2	NC_000068.8 (130734363..130872249)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	2	NC_000068.7 (130906430..131030333)

Chromosome 2 - NC_000068.8 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Post-developmental extracellular proteoglycan maintenance in attractin-deficient mice.
Title: Post-developmental extracellular proteoglycan maintenance in attractin-deficient mice.
Data indicate that Attractin was involved in male reproduction in both human and BALB/c mice, but it exerted a different expression profile in different species.
Title: Expression of Attractin in male reproductive tract of human and mice and its correlation with male reproduction.
ATRN also has no effect on prion disease onset or progression and discuss possible mechanisms that could cause vacuolation of the central nervous system in Mgrn1 and Atrn null mutant mice
Title: RML prions act through Mahogunin and Attractin-independent pathways.
The age-related Atrn gene progressively loses its function and can cause testis vacuolation and impaired sperm function.
Title: Attractin gene deficiency contributes to testis vacuolization and sperm dysfunction in male mice.
the md and mg mutations rescue the A(y) phenotypes by a primarily cAMP-independent mechanism promoting trafficking of MC4R and likely MC1R away from the lysosome toward the cell surface.
Title: Mahoganoid and mahogany mutations rectify the obesity of the yellow mouse by effects on endosomal traffic of MC4R protein.
study shows ASIP-MC1R signaling includes a cAMP-independent pathway through attractin and mahogunin, while the known cAMP-dependent component requires neither attractin nor mahogunin
Title: Agouti protein, mahogunin, and attractin in pheomelanogenesis and melanoblast-like alteration of melanocytes: a cAMP-independent pathway.
Atrn and dark-like (dal) mutant mice act in a common pathway that is required for normal pigment-type switching and maintenance of cellular integrity.
Title: Genetic and phenotypic studies of the dark-like mutant mouse.
Atrn is more widely expressed throughout the CNS than previously reported, and expression of Atrn by various cell types suggests that Atrn may serve multiple functions in the CNS.
Title: Attractin/mahogany protein expression in the rodent central nervous system.
Over-expression of ATRNL1 compensates for loss of ATRN.
Title: Genetic analysis of attractin homologs.

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Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Spontaneous (4) 1 citation
Gene trapped (1) 1 citation
Targeted (2)
Endonuclease-mediated (3)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables carbohydrate binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables chromatin binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables signaling receptor activity	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within cerebellum development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within inflammatory response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within myelination	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within pigmentation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in pigmentation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of multicellular organism growth	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in response to oxidative stress	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in plasma membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: attractin

Names: protein mahogany

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_009730.3 → NP_033860.2 attractin preproprotein

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_033860.2

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AL833771, AW124828, BE650220, BE953944, BY761276, CB519923, CB520374, CF745736, CN461550

Consensus CDS

CCDS16751.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A2AP43, Q9R263, Q9WU60, Q9WU77

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B9EIU3

Related

ENSMUSP00000028781.9, ENSMUST00000028781.9

Conserved Domains (7) summary

cd00041
Location:131 → 246

CUB; CUB domain; extracellular domain; present in proteins mostly known to be involved in development; not found in prokaryotes, plants and yeast.

cd00055
Location:1061 → 1106

EGF_Lam; Laminin-type epidermal growth factor-like domain; laminins are the major noncollagenous components of basement membranes that mediate cell adhesion, growth migration, and differentiation; the laminin-type epidermal growth factor-like module occurs in ...

sd00038
Location:500 → 549

Kelch; KELCH repeat [structural motif]

pfam01344
Location:339 → 378

Kelch_1; Kelch motif

pfam01437
Location:931 → 982

PSI; Plexin repeat

pfam13854
Location:391 → 427

Kelch_5; Kelch motif

cl02432
Location:787 → 919

CLECT; C-type lectin (CTL)/C-type lectin-like (CTLD) domain

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

NC_000068.8 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Range

130734363..130872249

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_006498606.5 → XP_006498669.1 attractin isoform X2

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B9EIU3

Conserved Domains (7) summary

smart00423
Location:683 → 729

PSI; domain found in Plexins, Semaphorins and Integrins

PHA03098
Location:363 → 527

PHA03098; kelch-like protein; Provisional

cd00041
Location:168 → 283

CUB; CUB domain; extracellular domain; present in proteins mostly known to be involved in development; not found in prokaryotes, plants and yeast.

cd00055
Location:1098 → 1143

EGF_Lam; Laminin-type epidermal growth factor-like domain; laminins are the major noncollagenous components of basement membranes that mediate cell adhesion, growth migration, and differentiation; the laminin-type epidermal growth factor-like module occurs in ...

sd00038
Location:537 → 586

Kelch; KELCH repeat [structural motif]

pfam01437
Location:968 → 1019

PSI; Plexin repeat

cl02432
Location:824 → 956

CLECT; C-type lectin (CTL)/C-type lectin-like (CTLD) domain
XM_011239259.2 → XP_011237561.1 attractin isoform X1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B9EIU3

Conserved Domains (7) summary

smart00423
Location:533 → 579

PSI; domain found in Plexins, Semaphorins and Integrins

PHA03098
Location:213 → 377

PHA03098; kelch-like protein; Provisional

cd00041
Location:25 → 133

CUB; CUB domain; extracellular domain; present in proteins mostly known to be involved in development; not found in prokaryotes, plants and yeast.

cd00055
Location:948 → 993

EGF_Lam; Laminin-type epidermal growth factor-like domain; laminins are the major noncollagenous components of basement membranes that mediate cell adhesion, growth migration, and differentiation; the laminin-type epidermal growth factor-like module occurs in ...

sd00038
Location:387 → 436

Kelch; KELCH repeat [structural motif]

pfam01437
Location:818 → 869

PSI; Plexin repeat

cl02432
Location:674 → 806

CLECT; C-type lectin (CTL)/C-type lectin-like (CTLD) domain