Cartpt CART prepropeptide [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Cartptprovided by MGI
Official Full Name: CART prepropeptideprovided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:1351330
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000021647 AllianceGenome:MGI:1351330
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: Cart
Summary: This gene encodes preproprotein isoforms that are processed into multiple biologically active peptides. Expression of this gene is regulated by cocaine and other drugs, and is associated with feeding/appetite and stress response. Mice lacking the encoded protein are predisposed to obesity. Deficiency of the encoded protein in mice results in pancreatic islet dysfunction, impaired insulin secretion and glucose intolerance. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms, which are subsequently processed into mature peptides. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]
Expression: Biased expression in CNS E11.5 (RPKM 6.1), stomach adult (RPKM 5.5) and 12 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: 13 52.9 cM; 13 D1

Exon count:: 3

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	13	NC_000079.7 (100034991..100037191, complement)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	13	NC_000079.6 (99898483..99910179, complement)

Chromosome 13 - NC_000079.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Neuroanatomical, electrophysiological, and morphological characterization of melanin-concentrating hormone cells coexpressing cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript.
Title: Neuroanatomical, electrophysiological, and morphological characterization of melanin-concentrating hormone cells coexpressing cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript.
Demystifying functional role of cocaine- and amphetamine-related transcript (CART) peptide in control of energy homeostasis: A twenty-five year expedition.
Title: Demystifying functional role of cocaine- and amphetamine-related transcript (CART) peptide in control of energy homeostasis: A twenty-five year expedition.
Overcoming Stress, Hunger, and Pain: Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Peptide's Promise.
Title: Overcoming Stress, Hunger, and Pain: Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Peptide's Promise.
Expression of TSHR and of CART is suppressed in response to lipopolysaccharides within the arcuate nucleus in the hypothalamus of the mouse. The present findings highlight hypothalamic TSH receptor mechanisms and CART as putative adaptive neuroendocrine components in the response to acute inflammation. Findings suggest that central and peripheral CART is affected by acute inflammation.
Title: LPS immune challenge reduces arcuate nucleus TSHR and CART mRNA and elevates plasma CART peptides.
The potential mechanism of CART was determined to be associated with inflammatory cytokines and related apoptotic genes. CART therefore appears to be associated with DA in its effect on ischemic stroke and is protective against brain injury following ischemic stroke by reducing inflammation activation
Title: Cocaine‑ and amphetamine‑regulated transcript (CART) is associated with dopamine and is protective against ischemic stroke.
Study showed that the perikarya and central terminals of vagal afferents are invariably enriched in CART and devoid of melanin-concentrating hormone and that neuropeptidergic profile of the CART-positive vagal afferents is remarkably stable across the energy balance spectrum.
Title: Levels of Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript in Vagal Afferents in the Mouse Are Unaltered in Response to Metabolic Challenges.
Study conclude that CART is a regulator of glucose homeostasis and could play an important role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Based on the ability of CART to increase insulin secretion and reduce glucagon secretion, CART-based agents could be a therapeutic modality in type 2 diabetes.
Title: CART is overexpressed in human type 2 diabetic islets and inhibits glucagon secretion and increases insulin secretion.
Taken together, these results demonstrate that CART is a critical regulator of energy expenditure, energy partitioning and utilization dependent on the thermal environment.
Title: Temperature dependence of the control of energy homeostasis requires CART signaling.
Collectively, our main findings indicate that high-fat diet induced-hypertension and autonomic imbalance are associated to an upregulation of CART levels in the dorsomedial hypothalamus of mice.
Title: High-fat diet-induced hypertension and autonomic imbalance are associated with an upregulation of CART in the dorsomedial hypothalamus of mice.
Leptin induced CART negatively affects intracellular cAMP levels, MAPK signaling, and aromatase mRNA expression, which leads to lower estradiol synthesis in granulosa cells and altered ovarian folliculogenesis.
Title: Leptin-Induced CART (Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript) Is a Novel Intraovarian Mediator of Obesity-Related Infertility in Females.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (33)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Targeted (7) 1 citation
Endonuclease-mediated (6)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables neuropeptide hormone activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in adult feeding behavior	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in adult feeding behavior	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to starvation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in cellular response to starvation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to starvation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within chemical synaptic transmission	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in circadian regulation of gene expression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in intracellular glucose homeostasis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of appetite	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of appetite	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of appetite	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of bone resorption	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of bone resorption	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of glucagon secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of osteoclast differentiation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within neuropeptide signaling pathway	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of MAPK cascade	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of MAPK cascade	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of blood pressure	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of epinephrine secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of protein kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transmission of nerve impulse	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of bone remodeling	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of insulin secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in somatostatin secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in extracellular region	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular space	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in secretory granule	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript protein

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001081493.2 → NP_001074962.1 cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript protein isoform 2 preproprotein

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001074962.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate in-frame splice site, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) is shorter than isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

AK134656, AV341177, CO427341

Consensus CDS

CCDS88509.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q3UY31, Q3UYI4

Related

ENSMUSP00000152981.2, ENSMUST00000224142.2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam06373
Location:48 → 116

CART; Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript protein (CART)
NM_013732.7 → NP_038760.3 cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript protein isoform 1 preproprotein

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_038760.3

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).

Source sequence(s)

AK134656, AV341177, BC056431, CO427341

Consensus CDS

CCDS36763.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P56388, Q9QXZ8

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q3UY31

Related

ENSMUSP00000022150.7, ENSMUST00000022150.8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam06373
Location:67 → 129

CART; Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript protein (CART)