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    Vrk1 vaccinia related kinase 1 [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

    Gene ID: 22367, updated on 16-Apr-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Vrk1provided by MGI
    Official Full Name
    vaccinia related kinase 1provided by MGI
    Primary source
    MGI:MGI:1261847
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000021115 AllianceGenome:MGI:1261847
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Mus musculus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
    Also known as
    51PK; Gm40568; Gm46378
    Summary
    Enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Acts upstream of or within protein autophosphorylation. Located in nucleus. Is expressed in several structures, including dorsal mesogastrium; hemolymphoid system; liver; metanephros; and yolk sac. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1A. Orthologous to human VRK1 (VRK serine/threonine kinase 1). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
    Expression
    Broad expression in liver E14 (RPKM 11.6), CNS E11.5 (RPKM 9.0) and 22 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    human all
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    Genomic context

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    Location:
    12 E- F1; 12 56.37 cM
    Exon count:
    20
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 12 NC_000078.7 (105976398..106044578)
    108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 12 NC_000078.6 (106010139..106078318)

    Chromosome 12 - NC_000078.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_33194 Neighboring gene poly (A) polymerase alpha Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_33197 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 19554 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 32370 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_33198 Neighboring gene VISTA enhancer mm1604 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E7178 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E3067 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_33203 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 32723 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 32635 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_33204 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 32776

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
    • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
    • BioProject: PRJNA66167
    • Publication: PMID 25409824
    • Analysis date: n/a

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Vrk1 partial Knockdown in Mice Results in Reduced Brain Weight and Mild Motor Dysfunction, and Indicates Neuronal VRK1 Target Pathways. Vinograd-Byk H, et al. Sci Rep, 2018 Jul 26. PMID 30050127, Free PMC Article
    2. Defective folliculogenesis in female mice lacking Vaccinia-related kinase 1. Kim J, et al. Sci Rep, 2012. PMID 22741057, Free PMC Article
    3. HnRNP A1 phosphorylated by VRK1 stimulates telomerase and its binding to telomeric DNA sequence. Choi YH, et al. Nucleic Acids Res, 2012 Sep 1. PMID 22740652, Free PMC Article
    4. Mice deficient in the serine/threonine protein kinase VRK1 are infertile due to a progressive loss of spermatogonia. Wiebe MS, et al. Biol Reprod, 2010 Jan. PMID 19696012, Free PMC Article
    5. Ginsenoside Rg3 regulates DNA damage in non-small cell lung cancer cells by activating VRK1/P53BP1 pathway. Liu T, et al. Biomed Pharmacother, 2019 Dec. PMID 31629252

    See all (38) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. VRK1 promotes DNA-induced type I interferon production.
      Title: VRK1 promotes DNA-induced type I interferon production.
    2. Ginsenoside Rg3 upregulate VRK1 expression and P53BP1 foci formation in response to DNA damage.
      Title: Ginsenoside Rg3 regulates DNA damage in non-small cell lung cancer cells by activating VRK1/P53BP1 pathway.
    3. Together, these studies of the partial KO Vrk1 mice reveal that even moderately reduced levels of Vrk1 expression result in minor neurological impairment and indicate new neuronal pathways likely involving VRK1.
      Title: Vrk1 partial Knockdown in Mice Results in Reduced Brain Weight and Mild Motor Dysfunction, and Indicates Neuronal VRK1 Target Pathways.
    4. VRK1 self-represses its activity to phosphorylate PXR through cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) in high glucose conditions, resulting in the repression of the PCK1 gene. This PXR phosphorylation was also observed in fasting mouse livers. Thus, the VRK1-CDK2-PXR-PP2Calpha-SGK2 pathway can be a novel physiological cell signaling that regulates gluconeogenesis in response to glucose.
      Title: Glucose elicits serine/threonine kinase VRK1 to phosphorylate nuclear pregnane X receptor as a novel hepatic gluconeogenic signal.
    5. VRK1 deficiency in human and mouse leads to downregulation of amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP). APP overexpression rescues the phenotype caused by Vrk1 knockdown, suggesting that VRK1 affects neuronal migration through an APP-dependent mechanism.
      Title: The spinal muscular atrophy with pontocerebellar hypoplasia gene VRK1 regulates neuronal migration through an amyloid-β precursor protein-dependent mechanism.
    6. Data suggest that VRK1 is required for both follicle development and oocyte growth in mammalian female reproduction system.
      Title: Defective folliculogenesis in female mice lacking Vaccinia-related kinase 1.
    7. Protein kinase Cdelta regulates phosphorylation and down-regulation of Vaccinia-related kinase 1 (VRK1), thereby contributing to cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death in a p53-dependent manner.
      Title: Protein kinase Cδ regulates vaccinia-related kinase 1 in DNA damage-induced apoptosis.
    8. reduction of VRK1 activity causes a delay in meiotic progression during oogenesis
      Title: The kinase VRK1 is required for normal meiotic progression in mammalian oogenesis.
    9. VRK1 is required for the proliferation and differentiation of undifferentiated spermatogonia, which are essential for spermatogenic cell maintenance
      Title: Vaccinia-related kinase 1 is required for the maintenance of undifferentiated spermatogonia in mouse male germ cells.
    10. Depletion of VRK1 leads to progressive male infertility as a result of a cessation of spermatogonial proliferation.
      Title: Mice deficient in the serine/threonine protein kinase VRK1 are infertile due to a progressive loss of spermatogonia.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (13)

    Variation

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    Alleles

    Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
    • Gene trapped (3) 
    • Endonuclease-mediated (5) 

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables ATP binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables histone H3S10 kinase activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables histone H3T3 kinase activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables histone binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables kinase activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables nucleotide binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein kinase activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables protein kinase binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables transferase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in DNA damage response ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in Golgi disassembly ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within cell cycle IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within cell division IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in peptidyl-serine phosphorylation IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within phosphorylation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of protein localization to chromatin ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within protein autophosphorylation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in protein autophosphorylation ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within protein phosphorylation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in signal transduction IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in Golgi stack ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytosol ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleolus ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleoplasm ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in nucleus IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in nucleus ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1
    Names
    serine/threonine-protein kinase 51PK
    NP_001025014.1
    NP_001025015.1
    NP_001351294.1
    NP_001351296.1
    NP_001351297.1
    NP_001409909.1
    NP_035835.1
    XP_006515872.1
    XP_006515873.1
    XP_006515874.1
    XP_011242406.1
    XP_017170534.1
    XP_030102545.1
    XP_030102546.1
    XP_030102547.1
    XP_030102548.1
    XP_030102549.1
    XP_030102550.1
    XP_030102551.1
    XP_030102553.1
    XP_030102554.1
    XP_030102556.1
    XP_036013274.1
    XP_036013275.1
    XP_036013276.1
    XP_036013277.1
    XP_036013278.1
    XP_036013279.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001029843.2 → NP_001025014.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform b

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001025014.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AK032344, AV567830, BY130767
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS26157.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3TL56, Q3UWH3
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000082101.5, ENSMUST00000085026.12
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd14122
      Location:26 → 326
      STKc_VRK1; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 1

    2. NM_001029844.2 → NP_001025015.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform c

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001025015.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AK032344, AV567830, BY130767
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS26158.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3TL56
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000071922.6, ENSMUST00000072040.7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd14122
      Location:26 → 326
      STKc_VRK1; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 1

    3. NM_001364365.1 → NP_001351294.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform c

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC144543, AC163040
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS26158.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3TL56
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd14122
      Location:26 → 326
      STKc_VRK1; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 1

    4. NM_001364367.1 → NP_001351296.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform a

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC144543, AC163040
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS36551.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O88635, O88636, Q80X41, Q8C2P7, Q91YH9
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3TL56
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000152109.2, ENSMUST00000220629.2
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd14122
      Location:26 → 326
      STKc_VRK1; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 1

    5. NM_001364368.1 → NP_001351297.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform d

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC144543, AC163040
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3TL56
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd14122
      Location:26 → 324
      STKc_VRK1; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 1

    6. NM_001422980.1 → NP_001409909.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform e

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC144543, AC163040

    7. NM_011705.4 → NP_035835.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform a

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_035835.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AK032344, AV567830, BB749810, BY130767
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS36551.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O88635, O88636, Q80X41, Q8C2P7, Q91YH9
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3TL56
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000021539.9, ENSMUST00000021539.16
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd14122
      Location:26 → 326
      STKc_VRK1; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 1

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Genomic

    1. NC_000078.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

      Range
      105976398..106044578
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_030246689.1 → XP_030102549.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X6

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3TL56
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd14122
      Location:26 → 326
      STKc_VRK1; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 1

    2. XM_006515810.5 → XP_006515873.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006515873.1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O88635, O88636, Q80X41, Q8C2P7, Q91YH9
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3TL56
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd14122
      Location:26 → 326
      STKc_VRK1; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 1

    3. XM_030246687.2 → XP_030102547.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X4

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3TL56, Q3UWH3
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd14122
      Location:26 → 326
      STKc_VRK1; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 1

    4. XM_036157384.1 → XP_036013277.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X8

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl21453
      Location:26 → 206
      PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain

    5. XM_030246693.2 → XP_030102553.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X8

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl21453
      Location:26 → 206
      PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain

    6. XM_006515811.5 → XP_006515874.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006515874.1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O88635, O88636, Q80X41, Q8C2P7, Q91YH9
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3TL56
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd14122
      Location:26 → 326
      STKc_VRK1; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 1

    7. XM_030246688.2 → XP_030102548.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X5

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3TL56
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd14122
      Location:26 → 326
      STKc_VRK1; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 1

    8. XM_036157382.1 → XP_036013275.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X4

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3TL56, Q3UWH3
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd14122
      Location:26 → 326
      STKc_VRK1; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 1

    9. XM_030246685.2 → XP_030102545.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X3

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A1Y7VMH3
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd14122
      Location:26 → 326
      STKc_VRK1; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 1

    10. XM_030246694.2 → XP_030102554.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X10

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl21453
      Location:26 → 206
      PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain

    11. XM_036157385.1 → XP_036013278.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X11

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl21453
      Location:26 → 206
      PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain

    12. XM_030246690.2 → XP_030102550.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X6

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3TL56
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd14122
      Location:26 → 326
      STKc_VRK1; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 1

    13. XM_030246696.2 → XP_030102556.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X11

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl21453
      Location:26 → 206
      PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain

    14. XM_036157383.1 → XP_036013276.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X4

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3TL56, Q3UWH3
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd14122
      Location:26 → 326
      STKc_VRK1; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 1

    15. XM_006515809.3 → XP_006515872.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006515872.1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O88635, O88636, Q80X41, Q8C2P7, Q91YH9
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3TL56
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd14122
      Location:26 → 326
      STKc_VRK1; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 1

    16. XM_030246686.1 → XP_030102546.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X4

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3TL56, Q3UWH3
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd14122
      Location:26 → 326
      STKc_VRK1; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 1

    17. XM_030246691.1 → XP_030102551.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X6

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3TL56
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd14122
      Location:26 → 326
      STKc_VRK1; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 1

    18. XM_036157381.1 → XP_036013274.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O88635, O88636, Q80X41, Q8C2P7, Q91YH9
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3TL56
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd14122
      Location:26 → 326
      STKc_VRK1; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 1

    19. XM_017315045.3 → XP_017170534.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3TL56
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd14122
      Location:26 → 326
      STKc_VRK1; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 1

    20. XM_011244104.2 → XP_011242406.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X9

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl21453
      Location:1 → 198
      PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain

    21. XM_036157386.1 → XP_036013279.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X12

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q8CA60
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl21453
      Location:1 → 198
      PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q80X41.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q80X41

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