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    Pepd peptidase D [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

    Gene ID: 18624, updated on 5-Mar-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Pepdprovided by MGI
    Official Full Name
    peptidase Dprovided by MGI
    Primary source
    MGI:MGI:97542
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000063931 AllianceGenome:MGI:97542
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Mus musculus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
    Also known as
    dal; Pep4; Pep-4
    Summary
    Enables peptidase activity. Predicted to act upstream of or within collagen catabolic process. Is expressed in several structures, including alimentary system; central nervous system; genitourinary system; hemolymphoid system gland; and liver and biliary system. Used to study hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in prolidase deficiency. Orthologous to human PEPD (peptidase D). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
    Expression
    Broad expression in small intestine adult (RPKM 235.6), duodenum adult (RPKM 200.4) and 22 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    human all
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    Genomic context

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    Location:
    7 B2; 7 20.7 cM
    Exon count:
    16
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 7 NC_000073.7 (34611832..34744131)
    108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 7 NC_000073.6 (34912407..35044708)

    Chromosome 7 - NC_000073.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene carbohydrate sulfotransferase 8 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_18606 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_18607 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_18610 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 38987 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_18612 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_18614 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 25922 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 35534 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E6536 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_18615 Neighboring gene predicted gene 45095 Neighboring gene CCAAT/enhancer binding protein gamma Neighboring gene predicted gene, 35611

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
    • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
    • BioProject: PRJNA66167
    • Publication: PMID 25409824
    • Analysis date: n/a

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Dysregulation of macrophage PEPD in obesity determines adipose tissue fibro-inflammation and insulin resistance. Pellegrinelli V, et al. Nat Metab, 2022 Apr. PMID 35478031
    2. Prolidase enzyme is required for extracellular matrix integrity and impacts on postnatal cerebellar cortex development. Insolia V, et al. J Comp Neurol, 2020 Jan 1. PMID 31246278
    3. Lack of prolidase causes a bone phenotype both in human and in mouse. Besio R, et al. Bone, 2015 Mar. PMID 25460580
    4. Developmental cardiac hypertrophy in a mouse model of prolidase deficiency. Jung S, et al. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol, 2011 Apr. PMID 21472842
    5. Cloning of mouse prolidase cDNA: predominant expression of prolidase mRNA in kidney. Ishii T, et al. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1996 Jul 31. PMID 8765744

    See all (42) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Prolidase Deficiency Causes Spontaneous T Cell Activation and Lupus-like Autoimmunity.
      Title: Prolidase Deficiency Causes Spontaneous T Cell Activation and Lupus-like Autoimmunity.
    2. Dysregulation of macrophage PEPD in obesity determines adipose tissue fibro-inflammation and insulin resistance.
      Title: Dysregulation of macrophage PEPD in obesity determines adipose tissue fibro-inflammation and insulin resistance.
    3. Prolidase enzyme is required for extracellular matrix integrity and impacts on postnatal cerebellar cortex development.
      Title: Prolidase enzyme is required for extracellular matrix integrity and impacts on postnatal cerebellar cortex development.
    4. The findings identify peptidase D, an ubiquitously expressed intracellular peptidase, as a potential novel marker of colitis.
      Title: Elevated fecal peptidase D at onset of colitis in Galphai2-/- mice, a mouse model of IBD.
    5. PEPD is a ligand of EGFR and presents a novel mechanism of EGFR activation
      Title: Prolidase directly binds and activates epidermal growth factor receptor and stimulates downstream signaling.
    6. The dark-like mutation causes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy due to loss-of-function of peptidase d (Pepd).
      Title: Developmental cardiac hypertrophy in a mouse model of prolidase deficiency.
    7. NO stimulates prolidase activity by increasing serine/threonine phosphorylation through PKG-cGMP pathway
      Title: Nitric oxide regulates prolidase activity by serine/threonine phosphorylation.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Variation

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    Alleles

    Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
    • Spontaneous (1) 
    • Targeted (2) 

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables dipeptidase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables hydrolase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables manganese ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables metal ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables metalloaminopeptidase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables metallopeptidase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables peptidase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables peptidase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables proline dipeptidase activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    acts_upstream_of_or_within collagen catabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of programmed cell death ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in proteolysis IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in proteolysis ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    xaa-Pro dipeptidase
    Names
    X-pro dipeptidase
    imidodipeptidase
    peptidase 4
    prolidase
    proline dipeptidase
    NP_001404011.1
    NP_001404012.1
    NP_032846.2

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001417082.1 → NP_001404011.1  xaa-Pro dipeptidase isoform 2

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC124574, AC149058

    2. NM_001417083.1 → NP_001404012.1  xaa-Pro dipeptidase isoform 3

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC124574, AC149058

    3. NM_008820.3 → NP_032846.2  xaa-Pro dipeptidase isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_032846.2

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC124574, AC149058
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS21143.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P97735, Q11136, Q3TH86, Q9CWK4
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2RS23
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000075683.8, ENSMUST00000075068.14
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      COG0006
      Location:52 → 476
      PepP; Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase [Amino acid transport and metabolism]
      cd01087
      Location:192 → 467
      Prolidase; Prolidase. E.C. 3.4.13.9. Also known as Xaa-Pro dipeptidase, X-Pro dipeptidase, proline dipeptidase., imidodipeptidase, peptidase D, gamma-peptidase. Catalyses hydrolysis of Xaa-Pro dipeptides; also acts on aminoacyl-hydroxyproline analogs. No action on ...
      pfam05195
      Location:23 → 138
      AMP_N; Aminopeptidase P, N-terminal domain

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Genomic

    1. NC_000073.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

      Range
      34611832..34744131
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q11136.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q11136

    Gene LinkOut

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