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    Enpp2 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2 [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

    Gene ID: 18606, updated on 5-Mar-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    Enpp2provided by MGI
    Official Full Name
    ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2provided by MGI
    Primary source
    MGI:MGI:1321390
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000022425 AllianceGenome:MGI:1321390
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Mus musculus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
    Also known as
    ATX; Npps2; Pdnp2; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; PD-Ialpha
    Summary
    This gene encodes a member of the phosphodiesterase and nucleotide pyrophosphatase family of bifunctional enzymes that hydrolize phosphodiester bonds of various nucleotides. The encoded protein undergoes proteolytic processing to generate a mature protein with lysophospholipase D activity, catalyzing the cleavage of the choline group from lysophosphatidylcholine to produce lysophosphatidic acid. This gene is expressed in numerous tissues and participates in neural development, obesity, inflammation and oncogenesis. A complete lack of the encoded protein in mice results in aberrant vascular and neuronal development leading to embryonic lethality. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms that may undergo similar processing to generate the mature protein. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]
    Expression
    Biased expression in cerebellum adult (RPKM 54.8), genital fat pad adult (RPKM 28.3) and 14 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    NEW
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    Genomic context

    See Enpp2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    15 D1; 15 21.6 cM
    Exon count:
    29
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 15 NC_000081.7 (54702297..54816284, complement)
    108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 15 NC_000081.6 (54838901..54952789, complement)

    Chromosome 15 - NC_000081.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_38691 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 57626 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_38692 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_38694 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 26684 Neighboring gene predicted gene 2491

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
    • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
    • BioProject: PRJNA66167
    • Publication: PMID 25409824
    • Analysis date: n/a

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Variation

    Alleles

    Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
    • Targeted (9)  1 citation
    • Endonuclease-mediated (4) 

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Markers

    Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables alkylglycerophosphoethanolamine phosphodiesterase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables alkylglycerophosphoethanolamine phosphodiesterase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables alkylglycerophosphoethanolamine phosphodiesterase activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    enables calcium ion binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables calcium ion binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables calcium ion binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    enables dinucleotide phosphatase activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables hydrolase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables lysophospholipase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables lysophospholipase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables lysophospholipase activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    enables metal ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables nucleic acid binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables phosphodiesterase I activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables phosphodiesterase I activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    enables phosphodiesterase I activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables polysaccharide binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables scavenger receptor activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables zinc ion binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables zinc ion binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables zinc ion binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in cell chemotaxis ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    acts_upstream_of_or_within chemotaxis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in estrous cycle IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in immune response IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    acts_upstream_of_or_within lipid catabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    acts_upstream_of_or_within lipid metabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in negative regulation of cell-matrix adhesion ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in phosphatidylcholine catabolic process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in phosphatidylcholine catabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in phosphatidylcholine catabolic process ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in phospholipid catabolic process ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    acts_upstream_of_or_within phospholipid metabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of epithelial cell migration ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of focal adhesion assembly ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of lamellipodium morphogenesis ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in regulation of cell migration ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    involved_in sphingolipid catabolic process ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in extracellular region IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    is_active_in extracellular space IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    located_in extracellular space IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in extracellular space ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
     
    located_in plasma membrane ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    PubMed 

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2
    Names
    autotaxin
    extracellular lysophospholipase D
    phosphodiesterase I/nucleotide pyrophosphatase 2
    NP_001129549.1
    NP_001272923.1
    NP_001272924.1
    NP_001398580.1
    NP_001398581.1
    NP_001398582.1
    NP_001398583.1
    NP_001398584.1
    NP_001398585.1
    NP_001398586.1
    NP_001398587.1
    NP_056559.2
    XP_017171994.1
    XP_036015136.1
    XP_036015137.1
    XP_036015138.1
    XP_036015139.1
    XP_036015140.1
    XP_036015142.1
    XP_036015143.1
    XP_036015144.1
    XP_036015145.1
    XP_036015147.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001136077.3NP_001129549.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001129549.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1, also known as alpha) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (1). This isoform (1) may undergo proteolytic processing similar to isoform 2.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK163881, BY123373, CD741437, EU131009
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS49607.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q9R1E6
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000128941.2, ENSMUST00000171545.9
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      smart00201
      Location:5697
      SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
      smart00477
      Location:666896
      NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
      pfam01663
      Location:165529
      Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
      cd16018
      Location:163569
      Enpp; Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase, also called autotaxin
    2. NM_001285994.2NP_001272923.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform 3

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001272923.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3, also known as gamma) lacks an in-frame exon and contains an alternate in-frame exon in the central coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (3) is shorter, compared to isoform 1. This isoform (3) may undergo proteolytic processing similar to isoform 2.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK163881, BY123373, CD741437, EU131010
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS70628.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q9R1E6
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000132640.3, ENSMUST00000167541.3
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      smart00201
      Location:5697
      SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
      smart00477
      Location:639869
      NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
      pfam01663
      Location:165477
      Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
      cd16018
      Location:163517
      Enpp; Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase, also called autotaxin
    3. NM_001285995.2NP_001272924.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform 4

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4, also known as epsilon) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the central coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (4) is shorter, compared to isoform 1. This isoform (4) may undergo proteolytic processing similar to isoform 2.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK163881, BY123373, CD741437, EU131009
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS70629.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      G3UXY9
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000133877.2, ENSMUST00000173516.8
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      smart00201
      Location:5697
      SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
      smart00477
      Location:662892
      NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
      pfam01663
      Location:165529
      Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
      cd16018
      Location:163569
      Enpp; Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase, also called autotaxin
    4. NM_001411651.1NP_001398580.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform 5

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (5) uses an alternate in-frame splice site, lacks an in-frame exon, and contains an alternate in-frame exon in the central coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (5) is shorter, compared to isoform 1. This isoform (5) may undergo proteolytic processing similar to isoform 2.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC123644
    5. NM_001411652.1NP_001398581.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform 6

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (6) uses an alternate in-frame splice site and lacks an in-frame exon in the central coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (6) is shorter, compared to isoform 1. This isoform (6) may undergo proteolytic processing similar to isoform 2.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC123644
    6. NM_001411653.1NP_001398582.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform 7

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (7) lacks an in-frame exon and lacks a frame-shifting exon in the central coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (7) is shorter and has a distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1. This isoform (7) may undergo proteolytic processing similar to isoform 2.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC123644
    7. NM_001411654.1NP_001398583.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform 8

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (8) uses an alternate in-frame splice site, lacks an in-frame exon, and lacks a frame-shifting exon in the central coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (8) is shorter and has a distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1. This isoform (8) may undergo proteolytic processing similar to isoform 2.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC123644
    8. NM_001411655.1NP_001398584.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform 9

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (9) uses an alternate exon 1 and lacks an in-frame exon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (9) has a distinct N-terminus and is shorter, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC123644
    9. NM_001411656.1NP_001398585.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform 10

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (10) uses an alternate exon 1, uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the central coding region, and lacks an in-frame exon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (10) has a distinct N-terminus and is shorter, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC123644
    10. NM_001411657.1NP_001398586.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform 11

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (11) uses an alternate exon 1, lacks an in-frame exon, and contains an alternate in-frame exon in the central coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (11) has a distinct N-terminus and is shorter, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC123644
    11. NM_001411658.1NP_001398587.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform 12

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (12) uses an alternate exon 1, lacks an in-frame exon, uses an alternate in-frame splice site, and contains an alternate in-frame exon in the central coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (12) has a distinct N-terminus and is shorter, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC123644
    12. NM_015744.4NP_056559.2  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform 2 preproprotein

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_056559.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2, also known as beta) lacks an in-frame exon in the central coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) is shorter, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK161144, BY123373, CD741437
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS27472.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A8UH85, A8UH93, B2ZP54, Q6PDE0, Q99LG9, Q9R1E6
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000036180.10, ENSMUST00000041591.16
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      smart00201
      Location:5697
      SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
      smart00477
      Location:614844
      NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
      pfam01663
      Location:165477
      Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
      cd16018
      Location:163517
      Enpp; Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase, also called autotaxin

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Genomic

    1. NC_000081.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

      Range
      54702297..54816284 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_017316505.3XP_017171994.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X17

      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      smart00201
      Location:118159
      SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
      pfam01663
      Location:227539
      Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
      cl00089
      Location:676774
      NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease; prokaryotic and eukaryotic double- and single-stranded DNA and RNA endonucleases also present in phosphodiesterases. They exists as monomers and homodimers.
    2. XM_036159254.1XP_036015147.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X15

      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      smart00201
      Location:118159
      SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
      pfam01663
      Location:227591
      Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
      cl00089
      Location:724822
      NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease; prokaryotic and eukaryotic double- and single-stranded DNA and RNA endonucleases also present in phosphodiesterases. They exists as monomers and homodimers.
    3. XM_036159246.1XP_036015139.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X4

      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      smart00201
      Location:118159
      SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
      smart00477
      Location:724954
      NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
      pfam01663
      Location:227591
      Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
    4. XM_036159244.1XP_036015137.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X2

      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      smart00201
      Location:118159
      SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
      smart00477
      Location:749979
      NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
      pfam01663
      Location:227591
      Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
    5. XM_036159252.1XP_036015145.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X13

      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      smart00201
      Location:118159
      SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
      pfam01663
      Location:227591
      Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
      cl00089
      Location:728826
      NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease; prokaryotic and eukaryotic double- and single-stranded DNA and RNA endonucleases also present in phosphodiesterases. They exists as monomers and homodimers.
    6. XM_036159245.1XP_036015138.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X3

      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      smart00201
      Location:118159
      SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
      smart00477
      Location:728958
      NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
      pfam01663
      Location:227591
      Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
    7. XM_036159250.1XP_036015143.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X11

      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      smart00201
      Location:118159
      SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
      pfam01663
      Location:227591
      Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
      cl00089
      Location:753851
      NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease; prokaryotic and eukaryotic double- and single-stranded DNA and RNA endonucleases also present in phosphodiesterases. They exists as monomers and homodimers.
    8. XM_036159243.1XP_036015136.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X1

      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      smart00201
      Location:118159
      SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
      smart00477
      Location:753983
      NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
      pfam01663
      Location:227591
      Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
    9. XM_036159249.1XP_036015142.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X8

      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      smart00201
      Location:5697
      SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
      smart00477
      Location:691921
      NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
      pfam01663
      Location:165529
      Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
    10. XM_036159247.1XP_036015140.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X5

      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      smart00201
      Location:118159
      SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
      smart00477
      Location:753944
      NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
      pfam01663
      Location:227591
      Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
    11. XM_036159251.1XP_036015144.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X12

      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      smart00201
      Location:118159
      SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
      pfam01663
      Location:227591
      Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
      cl00089
      Location:753851
      NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease; prokaryotic and eukaryotic double- and single-stranded DNA and RNA endonucleases also present in phosphodiesterases. They exists as monomers and homodimers.