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    Max Max protein [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

    Gene ID: 17187, updated on 10-Mar-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Maxprovided by MGI
    Official Full Name
    Max proteinprovided by MGI
    Primary source
    MGI:MGI:96921
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000059436 AllianceGenome:MGI:96921
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Mus musculus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
    Also known as
    bHLHd4; bHLHd5; bHLHd6; bHLHd7; bHLHd8
    Summary
    Enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Involved in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Acts upstream of or within regulation of transcription, DNA-templated. Located in nucleus. Is expressed in several structures, including early conceptus; genitourinary system; lens; limb cartilage condensation; and liver. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in lung small cell carcinoma and pheochromocytoma. Orthologous to human MAX (MYC associated factor X). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in large intestine adult (RPKM 24.2), small intestine adult (RPKM 21.0) and 28 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    human all
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    Genomic context

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    See Max in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    12 C3; 12 33.78 cM
    Exon count:
    7
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 12 NC_000078.7 (76984045..77009123, complement)
    108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 12 NC_000078.6 (76937269..76962323, complement)

    Chromosome 12 - NC_000078.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene farnesyltransferase, CAAX box, beta Neighboring gene predicted gene, 46357 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 46358 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_32542 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E3056 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_32548 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 35041 Neighboring gene CapStarr-seq enhancer MGSCv37_chr12:78140672-78140781 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 35189

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
    • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
    • BioProject: PRJNA66167
    • Publication: PMID 25409824
    • Analysis date: n/a

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. MAX Functions as a Tumor Suppressor and Rewires Metabolism in Small Cell Lung Cancer. Augert A, et al. Cancer Cell, 2020 Jul 13. PMID 32470392, Free PMC Article
    2. Does MAX open up a new avenue for meiotic research? Suzuki A, et al. Dev Growth Differ, 2017 Feb. PMID 28220481
    3. Loss of MAX results in meiotic entry in mouse embryonic and germline stem cells. Suzuki A, et al. Nat Commun, 2016 Mar 30. PMID 27025988, Free PMC Article
    4. Max is a repressor of germ cell-related gene expression in mouse embryonic stem cells. Maeda I, et al. Nat Commun, 2013. PMID 23612295
    5. Differential expression of max and two types of c-myc genes in a tetraploid fish, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Futami K, et al. Gene, 2001 May 16. PMID 11376943

    See all (80) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. MAX controls meiotic entry in sexually undifferentiated germ cells.
      Title: MAX controls meiotic entry in sexually undifferentiated germ cells.
    2. Integrated analysis of mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq reveals the potential roles of Egr1, Rxra and Max in kidney stone disease.
      Title: Integrated analysis of mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq reveals the potential roles of Egr1, Rxra and Max in kidney stone disease.
    3. SARS-CoV-2 Nsp6 damages Drosophila heart and mouse cardiomyocytes through MGA/MAX complex-mediated increased glycolysis.
      Title: SARS-CoV-2 Nsp6 damages Drosophila heart and mouse cardiomyocytes through MGA/MAX complex-mediated increased glycolysis.
    4. Repression of germline genes by PRC1.6 and SETDB1 in the early embryo precedes DNA methylation-mediated silencing.
      Title: Repression of germline genes by PRC1.6 and SETDB1 in the early embryo precedes DNA methylation-mediated silencing.
    5. MAX Functions as a Tumor Suppressor and Rewires Metabolism in Small Cell Lung Cancer.
      Title: MAX Functions as a Tumor Suppressor and Rewires Metabolism in Small Cell Lung Cancer.
    6. We also describe that B lymphocytes lacking Myc, Max, or both show upregulation of signaling pathways associated with the B-cell receptor. These data suggest that c-Myc/Max heterodimers are not essential for the initiation of a subset of important biological processes in B lymphocytes, but are required for fine-tuning the initial response after activation.
      Title: Functional interplay between c-Myc and Max in B lymphocyte differentiation.
    7. MAX associated with DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and the histone methyltransferase SETDB1 cooperatively control germ cell-related gene expression in embryonic stem cells.
      Title: DNMTs and SETDB1 function as co-repressors in MAX-mediated repression of germ cell-related genes in mouse embryonic stem cells.
    8. Studies suggest that inducible MYC Associated Factor X (MAX) knockout embryonic stem cells (ESCs) provide an excellent platform for exploring the molecular mechanisms of meiosis initiation.
      Title: Does MAX open up a new avenue for meiotic research?
    9. MAX is a new regulator of meiotic onset.
      Title: Loss of MAX results in meiotic entry in mouse embryonic and germline stem cells.
    10. Max is part of protein complex that acts as a repressor of germ cell-related genes in embryonic stem cells.
      Title: Max is a repressor of germ cell-related gene expression in mouse embryonic stem cells.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (13)

    Variation

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    Alleles

    Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
    • Targeted (2)  1 citation
    • Endonuclease-mediated (2) 

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables DNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables DNA binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables DNA-binding transcription factor binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    contributes_to DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables E-box binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    contributes_to RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables identical protein binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein dimerization activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein-containing complex binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables sequence-specific DNA binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in negative regulation of gene expression ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in protein-containing complex assembly ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of DNA-templated transcription IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    part_of MLL1 complex ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    part_of Mad-Max complex ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    part_of Myc-Max complex IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    part_of Myc-Max complex ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in PML body ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    part_of RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    part_of RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in cell projection IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    part_of chromatin ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in dendrite ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in nucleus ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    part_of protein-DNA complex ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    protein max
    Names
    myc-associated factor X
    myc-binding novel HLH/LZ protein
    protein myn

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001146176.2 → NP_001139648.1  protein max isoform 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001139648.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an exon in the 5' coding region compared to variant 1 but maintains the reading frame. The encoded protein (isoform 2) is shorter but has the same N- and C-termini compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC124556
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS49094.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q8C4Y1
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000080778.6, ENSMUST00000082136.7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd11406
      Location:15 → 83
      bHLHzip_Max; basic Helix-Loop-Helix-zipper (bHLHzip) domain found in protein Max and similar proteins

    2. NM_001361663.2 → NP_001348592.1  protein max isoform 3

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC124556
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd11406
      Location:24 → 92
      bHLHzip_Max; basic Helix-Loop-Helix-zipper (bHLHzip) domain found in protein Max and similar proteins

    3. NM_001361664.2 → NP_001348593.1  protein max isoform 4

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC124556

    4. NM_001422052.1 → NP_001408981.1  protein max isoform 5

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC124556
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A1W2P7P4

    5. NM_001422053.1 → NP_001408982.1  protein max isoform 4

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC124556

    6. NM_008558.3 → NP_032584.2  protein max isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_032584.2

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC124556
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS36479.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2RS19, P28574, Q8C4Y1
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000106025.4, ENSMUST00000110395.11
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd11406
      Location:24 → 92
      bHLHzip_Max; basic Helix-Loop-Helix-zipper (bHLHzip) domain found in protein Max and similar proteins

    RNA

    1. NR_185481.1 RNA Sequence

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC124556

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Genomic

    1. NC_000078.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

      Range
      76984045..77009123 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_036157209.1 → XP_036013102.1  protein max isoform X2

    2. XM_030246570.2 → XP_030102430.1  protein max isoform X2

    3. XM_030246571.1 → XP_030102431.1  protein max isoform X2

    RNA

    1. XR_872708.4 RNA Sequence

    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P28574.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P28574

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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