Artn artemin [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Artnprovided by MGI
Official Full Name: arteminprovided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:1333791
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000028539 AllianceGenome:MGI:1333791
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: neublastin
Summary: This gene encodes a secreted ligand of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) subfamily and TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily of proteins. Ligands of this family bind various TGF-beta receptors leading to recruitment and activation of SMAD family transcription factors that regulate gene expression. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate each subunit of the disulfide-linked homodimer. This protein signals through the RET receptor and GFR alpha 3 coreceptor, and supports the survival of a number of peripheral neuron populations and at least one population of dopaminergic CNS neurons. Mice lacking a functional copy of this gene exhibit ptosis and impaired development of the sympathetic nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]
Expression: Broad expression in testis adult (RPKM 2.2), stomach adult (RPKM 1.6) and 19 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: 4 D1; 4 53.83 cM

Exon count:: 5

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	4	NC_000070.7 (117783105..117787993, complement)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	4	NC_000070.6 (117925908..117930795, complement)

Chromosome 4 - NC_000070.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

results demonstrate that the Artn gene is indeed regulated by the distal XRE-containing enhancer, and alloknesis in AhR-CA mice is provoked by the AhR-mediated direct induction of the Artn gene7
Title: Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Directly Regulates Artemin Gene Expression.
HGF supports hindlimb motor neurons through c-Met; CNTF supports subsets of axial motor neurons through CNTFRalpha; and Artemin acts as the first survival factor for parasympathetic preganglionic motor neurons through GFRalpha3/Syndecan-3 activation.
Title: Novel combinatorial screening identifies neurotrophic factors for selective classes of motor neurons.
RET coupling to ERK and Akt depends strongly on artemin concentration, and it is highest at the low (~100 pM) artemin levels required for neurite outgrowth.
Title: Quantitative analysis of receptor tyrosine kinase-effector coupling at functionally relevant stimulus levels.
We found that artemin, the specific GFRalpha3 ligand that evokes heat hyperalgesia, robustly sensitized cold responses in a TRPM8-dependent manner in mice.
Title: Artemin, a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family member, induces TRPM8-dependent cold pain.
artemin lowers the threshold of temperature-dependent itch sensation.
Title: Artemin causes hypersensitivity to warm sensation, mimicking warmth-provoked pruritus in atopic dermatitis.
a role for the glial-derived neurotrophic factor ARTN in mood disorders is suggested.
Title: Antidepressant-like effect of artemin in mice: a mechanism for acetyl-L-carnitine activity on depression.
Increase in levels of artemin and GFRalpha3 regulates C-fiber recruitment after axotomy and regeneration.
Title: Enhanced artemin/GFRα3 levels regulate mechanically insensitive, heat-sensitive C-fiber recruitment after axotomy and regeneration.
Data report an autocrine/paracrine role of the artemin-GFRA3 signaling system in regulating early embryonic development and apoptosis.
Title: Autocrine regulation of early embryonic development by the artemin-GFRA3 (GDNF family receptor-alpha 3) signaling system in mice.
These results suggest a potential role for artemin-responsive sensory afferents in mediating sensitivity associated with tissue injury
Title: Overexpression of artemin in the tongue increases expression of TRPV1 and TRPA1 in trigeminal afferents and causes oral sensitivity to capsaicin and mustard oil.
The level of artemin in the skin modulates gene expression and response properties of afferents that project to the skin and these changes lead to behavioral sensitivity to both hot and cold stimuli.
Title: Artemin overexpression in skin enhances expression of TRPV1 and TRPA1 in cutaneous sensory neurons and leads to behavioral sensitivity to heat and cold.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (11)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Targeted (1) 1 citation
Endonuclease-mediated (1)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:484828

Artn (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:527070

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info	PubMed
enables growth factor activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables growth factor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables receptor tyrosine kinase binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables signaling receptor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in Peyer's patch morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within axon guidance	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within axon guidance	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within cell surface receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info	PubMed
involved_in glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within induction of positive chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in lymphocyte migration into lymphoid organs	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in peripheral nervous system development	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within peripheral nervous system development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in extracellular region	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: artemin

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001284191.1 → NP_001271120.1 artemin isoform 1 preproprotein

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001271120.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform (1). Variants 1, 2, and 3 encode the same protein.

Source sequence(s)

AK015393, AK053914, AL627128

Consensus CDS

CCDS18543.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q3SXF4, Q3SXF5, Q9Z0L2

Related

ENSMUSP00000095526.3, ENSMUST00000097913.9

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd19381
Location:126 → 223

TGF_beta_Artemin; transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in Artemin and similar proteins
NM_001284192.1 → NP_001271121.1 artemin isoform 2 precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001271121.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR and uses an alternate splice site in the 3' coding region, which results in a frameshift, compared to variant 1. The encoded protein (isoform 2) is shorter and has a distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

AK015393, AK053914, AL627128

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q9Z0L2
NM_001284193.1 → NP_001271122.1 artemin isoform 1 preproprotein

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001271122.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR, compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2, and 3 encode the same protein (isoform 1).

Source sequence(s)

AK015393, AK053914, AL627128

Consensus CDS

CCDS18543.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q3SXF4, Q3SXF5, Q9Z0L2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd19381
Location:126 → 223

TGF_beta_Artemin; transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in Artemin and similar proteins
NM_009711.4 → NP_033841.1 artemin isoform 1 preproprotein

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_033841.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (4) differs in the 5' UTR, compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2, and 3 encode the same protein (isoform 1).

Source sequence(s)

AK053914, AL627128

Consensus CDS

CCDS18543.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q3SXF4, Q3SXF5, Q9Z0L2

Related

ENSMUSP00000064521.3, ENSMUST00000070816.9

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd19381
Location:126 → 223

TGF_beta_Artemin; transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in Artemin and similar proteins

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

NC_000070.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Range

117783105..117787993 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_006502694.4 → XP_006502757.1 artemin isoform X2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006502757.1
XM_030253105.1 → XP_030108965.1 artemin isoform X1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q3SXF4, Q3SXF5, Q9Z0L2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd19381
Location:126 → 223

TGF_beta_Artemin; transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in Artemin and similar proteins
XM_006502693.3 → XP_006502756.1 artemin isoform X1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006502756.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q3SXF4, Q3SXF5, Q9Z0L2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd19381
Location:126 → 223

TGF_beta_Artemin; transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in Artemin and similar proteins
XM_006502691.3 → XP_006502754.1 artemin isoform X1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006502754.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q3SXF4, Q3SXF5, Q9Z0L2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd19381
Location:126 → 223

TGF_beta_Artemin; transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in Artemin and similar proteins
XM_006502692.3 → XP_006502755.1 artemin isoform X1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006502755.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q3SXF4, Q3SXF5, Q9Z0L2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd19381
Location:126 → 223

TGF_beta_Artemin; transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in Artemin and similar proteins
XM_006502690.3 → XP_006502753.1 artemin isoform X1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006502753.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q3SXF4, Q3SXF5, Q9Z0L2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd19381
Location:126 → 223

TGF_beta_Artemin; transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in Artemin and similar proteins
XM_011240419.2 → XP_011238721.1 artemin isoform X1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011238721.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q3SXF4, Q3SXF5, Q9Z0L2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd19381
Location:126 → 223

TGF_beta_Artemin; transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in Artemin and similar proteins