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    Araf Araf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

    Gene ID: 11836, updated on 2-Apr-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Arafprovided by MGI
    Official Full Name
    Araf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinaseprovided by MGI
    Primary source
    MGI:MGI:88065
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000001127 AllianceGenome:MGI:88065
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Mus musculus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
    Also known as
    A-Raf; Araf1; 1200013E08Rik
    Summary
    Predicted to enable MAP kinase kinase kinase activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including MAPK cascade; regulation of TOR signaling; and regulation of cellular protein metabolic process. Predicted to act upstream of or within phosphorylation. Located in mitochondrion. Is expressed in several structures, including alimentary system; central nervous system; genitourinary system; immune system; and retina. Orthologous to human ARAF (A-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in genital fat pad adult (RPKM 50.6), adrenal adult (RPKM 43.4) and 28 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    human all
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    Genomic context

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    Location:
    X A1.3; X 16.3 cM
    Exon count:
    17
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) X NC_000086.8 (20663946..20726760)
    108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) X NC_000086.7 (20797707..20860521)

    Chromosome X - NC_000086.8Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene predicted gene, 39499 Neighboring gene ubiquitin specific peptidase 11 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 39500 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_46882 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 26065 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E1532 Neighboring gene ribonuclease UK114 pseudogene Neighboring gene microRNA 5617 Neighboring gene synapsin I Neighboring gene tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
    • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
    • BioProject: PRJNA66167
    • Publication: PMID 25409824
    • Analysis date: n/a

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. DA-Raf, a dominant-negative regulator of the Ras-ERK pathway, is essential for skeletal myocyte differentiation including myoblast fusion and apoptosis. Takahashi K, et al. Exp Cell Res, 2019 Mar 15. PMID 30742807
    2. Post-natal lethality and neurological and gastrointestinal defects in mice with targeted disruption of the A-Raf protein kinase gene. Pritchard CA, et al. Curr Biol, 1996 May 1. PMID 8805280
    3. Members of the raf gene family exhibit segment-specific patterns of expression in mouse epididymis. Winer MA, et al. Mol Reprod Dev, 1993 May. PMID 8507475
    4. Actively transcribed genes in the raf oncogene group, located on the X chromosome in mouse and human. Huebner K, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1986 Jun. PMID 3520560, Free PMC Article
    5. Pyruvate kinase M1 interacts with A-Raf and inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis by activating MEK1/ERK pathway in mouse insulinoma cells. Horiuchi Y, et al. Cell Signal, 2017 Oct. PMID 28743549

    See all (63) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Toxoplasma gondii infection regulates apoptosis of host cells via miR-185/ARAF axis.
      Title: Toxoplasma gondii infection regulates apoptosis of host cells via miR-185/ARAF axis.
    2. DA-Raf1 (DA-Raf) is a splicing variant of A-Raf that suppresses the Ras-ERK pathway and is essential for both myocyte differentiation including myoblast fusion and apoptosis but apoptosis is not a prerequisite for myoblast fusion
      Title: DA-Raf, a dominant-negative regulator of the Ras-ERK pathway, is essential for skeletal myocyte differentiation including myoblast fusion and apoptosis.
    3. PKM1 interacts with A-Raf, an upstream regulator of the MEK/ERK pathway, and that this interaction contributes to MEK1 phosphorylation by A-Raf.
      Title: Pyruvate kinase M1 interacts with A-Raf and inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis by activating MEK1/ERK pathway in mouse insulinoma cells.
    4. A- and B-Raf ablation in chondrocytes does not alter skeletal development, whereas ablation of C-Raf decreases hypertrophic chondrocyte apoptosis and impairs vascularization of the growth plate. However, ablation of C-Raf does not impair phosphate-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in vitro, but leads to rickets by decreasing VEGF protein stability.
      Title: Raf Kinases Are Essential for Phosphate Induction of ERK1/2 Phosphorylation in Hypertrophic Chondrocytes and Normal Endochondral Bone Development.
    5. A-Raf promotes osteoblasts differentiation in response to mechanical stress.
      Title: A-Raf and C-Raf differentially regulate mechanobiological response of osteoblasts to guide mechanical stress-induced differentiation.
    6. DA-Raf-dependent inhibition of the Ras-ERK signaling pathway in alveolar epithelial 2 cells is required for alveolar formation via triggering MMP2 activation followed by myofibroblast differentiation.
      Title: DA-Raf-dependent inhibition of the Ras-ERK signaling pathway in type 2 alveolar epithelial cells controls alveolar formation.
    7. Galpha12-ARAF-ERK pathway stimulates RFFL transcription through the transcription factor c-Myc.
      Title: Different Raf protein kinases mediate different signaling pathways to stimulate E3 ligase RFFL gene expression in cell migration regulation.
    8. Expression of Araf in the mouse nucleus accumbens is modulated by a sequence variant (B2 SINE indel) in the 3' UTR of Comt (catechol-O-methyltransferase).
      Title: A transposon in Comt generates mRNA variants and causes widespread expression and behavioral differences among mice.
    9. Raf-1 and A-Raf have a combined role in controlling physiological transient ERK activation and in maintenance of cell cycle progression at its usual rate.
      Title: A-Raf and Raf-1 work together to influence transient ERK phosphorylation and Gl/S cell cycle progression.
    10. the binding of 14-3-3gamma to Raf indicates the critical role of this protein in ischemia-induced apoptosis and the changes in signal transduction in astrocytes in culture.
      Title: 14-3-3gamma is upregulated by in vitro ischemia and binds to protein kinase Raf in primary cultures of astrocytes.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Variation

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    Alleles

    Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
    • Targeted (1)  1 citation
    • Endonuclease-mediated (2) 

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables ATP binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables MAP kinase kinase kinase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables MAP kinase kinase kinase activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables metal ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables nucleotide binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables transferase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in MAPK cascade IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within phosphorylation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in protein phosphorylation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of TOR signaling ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in signal transduction IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in cytosol IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in mitochondrion IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in mitochondrion IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf
    Names
    A-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase
    proto-oncogene A-Raf
    raf-related oncogene
    v-raf murine sarcoma 3611 viral oncogene homolog 1
    NP_001153117.1
    NP_033833.1
    XP_006527619.1
    XP_006527620.1
    XP_011245731.2
    XP_030107064.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001159645.1 → NP_001153117.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001153117.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate splice pattern in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) has a substantially shorter and distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK039044, BB117083, BB857915
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS53016.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B1AUN8, Q8CAD1
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000112513.2, ENSMUST00000120356.8
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd17133
      Location:19 → 91
      RBD_ARAF; Ras-binding domain (RBD) found in serine/threonine-protein kinase ARAF
      pfam00130
      Location:99 → 144
      C1_1; Phorbol esters/diacylglycerol binding domain (C1 domain)

    2. NM_009703.2 → NP_033833.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_033833.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AA960102, AK085823, BB857915
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS40886.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B1AUN9, P04627, Q99J44, Q9CTT5, Q9D6R6, Q9DBU7
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000001155.5, ENSMUST00000001155.11
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd17133
      Location:19 → 91
      RBD_ARAF; Ras-binding domain (RBD) found in serine/threonine-protein kinase ARAF
      pfam00130
      Location:99 → 144
      C1_1; Phorbol esters/diacylglycerol binding domain (C1 domain)
      cl21453
      Location:307 → 571
      PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Genomic

    1. NC_000086.8 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

      Range
      20663946..20726760
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_011247429.3 → XP_011245731.2  serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform X1

      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd17133
      Location:89 → 161
      RBD_ARAF; Ras-binding domain (RBD) found in serine/threonine-protein kinase ARAF
      pfam00130
      Location:169 → 214
      C1_1; Phorbol esters/diacylglycerol binding domain (C1 domain)
      cl21453
      Location:377 → 641
      PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain

    2. XM_006527557.4 → XP_006527620.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform X2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006527620.1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B1AUN9, P04627, Q99J44, Q9CTT5, Q9D6R6, Q9DBU7
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd17133
      Location:19 → 91
      RBD_ARAF; Ras-binding domain (RBD) found in serine/threonine-protein kinase ARAF
      pfam00130
      Location:99 → 144
      C1_1; Phorbol esters/diacylglycerol binding domain (C1 domain)
      cl21453
      Location:307 → 571
      PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain

    3. XM_006527556.4 → XP_006527619.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform X2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006527619.1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B1AUN9, P04627, Q99J44, Q9CTT5, Q9D6R6, Q9DBU7
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd17133
      Location:19 → 91
      RBD_ARAF; Ras-binding domain (RBD) found in serine/threonine-protein kinase ARAF
      pfam00130
      Location:99 → 144
      C1_1; Phorbol esters/diacylglycerol binding domain (C1 domain)
      cl21453
      Location:307 → 571
      PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain

    4. XM_030251204.1 → XP_030107064.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform X2

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B1AUN9, P04627, Q99J44, Q9CTT5, Q9D6R6, Q9DBU7
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd17133
      Location:19 → 91
      RBD_ARAF; Ras-binding domain (RBD) found in serine/threonine-protein kinase ARAF
      pfam00130
      Location:99 → 144
      C1_1; Phorbol esters/diacylglycerol binding domain (C1 domain)
      cl21453
      Location:307 → 571
      PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain

    RNA

    1. XR_003952995.1 RNA Sequence

      Related
      ENSMUST00000136451.8
    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P04627.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P04627

    Gene LinkOut

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