U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination
    • Showing Current items.

    Pth2 parathyroid hormone 2 [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

    Gene ID: 114640, updated on 2-May-2024

    Summary

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Official Symbol
    Pth2provided by MGI
    Official Full Name
    parathyroid hormone 2provided by MGI
    Primary source
    MGI:MGI:2152297
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000038300 AllianceGenome:MGI:2152297
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Mus musculus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
    Also known as
    Tip39; Tifp39
    Summary
    This gene encodes the precursor of a peptide hormone that shares sequence similarity with the parathyroid hormone. This gene is expressed in various regions of the brain where it plays a role in the release of pituitary hormones, anxiety and nociception. The encoded precursor protein is proteolytically processed to generate the biologically active neuropeptide. Mice lacking the encoded protein display increased fear and anxiety after exposure to stressful events, and decreased sensitivity to pain. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]
    Expression
    Restricted expression toward testis adult (RPKM 12.4) See more
    Orthologs
    human all
    NEW
    Try the new Gene table
    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Location:
    7 B3; 7 29.17 cM
    Exon count:
    5
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 7 NC_000073.7 (44829447..44831262)
    108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 7 NC_000073.6 (45179701..45181838)

    Chromosome 7 - NC_000073.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene solute carrier family 17 (sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter), member 7 Neighboring gene microRNA 7055 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E1733 Neighboring gene golgi-associated olfactory signaling regulator Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_18832 Neighboring gene KASH domain containing 5 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 31097 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E10438 Neighboring gene dickkopf-like 1

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Go to the top of the page Help

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

    Go to the top of the page Help
    • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
    • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
    • BioProject: PRJNA66167
    • Publication: PMID 25409824
    • Analysis date: n/a

    Bibliography

    Go to the top of the pageHelp

    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Enhanced long-term fear memory and increased anxiety and depression-like behavior after exposure to an aversive event in mice lacking TIP39 signaling. Coutellier L, et al. Behav Brain Res, 2011 Sep 12. PMID 21382418, Free PMC Article
    2. TIP39 modulates effects of novelty-induced arousal on memory. Coutellier L, et al. Genes Brain Behav, 2011 Feb. PMID 20796031, Free PMC Article
    3. TIP39/parathyroid hormone type 2 receptor signaling is a potent inhibitor of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Panda D, et al. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2009 Nov. PMID 19706789, Free PMC Article
    4. Increased fear- and stress-related anxiety-like behavior in mice lacking tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues. Fegley DB, et al. Genes Brain Behav, 2008 Nov. PMID 18700839, Free PMC Article
    5. Tuberoinfundibular Peptide of 39 residues is required for germ cell development. Usdin TB, et al. Endocrinology, 2008 Sep. PMID 18483145, Free PMC Article

    See all (25) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. TIP39-PTH2R system appears to be a previously unrecognized mechanism for regulation of extracellular matrix formation and wound repair.
      Title: Activation of Parathyroid Hormone 2 Receptor Induces Decorin Expression and Promotes Wound Repair.
    2. This study demonstrated that TIP39 signaling plays a role in fear incubation and suggest that may serve to ameliorate the long-term negative outcome of traumatic experience via PTH2R-expressing neurons in the Medial Nucleus of the Amygdala.
      Title: Incubation of Fear Is Regulated by TIP39 Peptide Signaling in the Medial Nucleus of the Amygdala.
    3. Data indicate that the nociceptive phenotype of TIP39-knockout {KO) mice was similar to the PTH2R-KO.
      Title: Neuropathic and inflammatory pain are modulated by tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues.
    4. TIP39/PTH2R signaling inhibits proliferation and alters differentiation of chondrocytes by modulating SOX9 expression
      Title: TIP39/parathyroid hormone type 2 receptor signaling is a potent inhibitor of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation.
    5. Mice with PTH2R-null mutation lacking thermoregulation.
      Title: Regulation of hypothalamic signaling by tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues is critical for the response to cold: a novel peptidergic mechanism of thermoregulation.
    6. Involvement of the TIP39/PTH2-R system in the pathways involved in the successful development of the pups.
      Title: Maternal absence of the parathyroid hormone 2 receptor affects postnatal pup development.
    7. This study demonistrated that suggested that TIP39 modulates long-term fear recall and that mice lacking TIP39 or its receptor are tools for investigating fear-related psychopathologies.
      Title: Enhanced long-term fear memory and increased anxiety and depression-like behavior after exposure to an aversive event in mice lacking TIP39 signaling.
    8. these results suggest that the TIP39/PTH2-R system modulates the effects of novelty exposure on memory performance, potentially by acting on noradrenergic signaling
      Title: TIP39 modulates effects of novelty-induced arousal on memory.
    9. Data indicate that the TIP39 ligand/PTH2 receptor system provides facilitatory regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis via hypothalamic glutamatergic neurons and that it may regulate other neuroendocrine systems by a similar mechanism.
      Title: Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues modulates the mouse hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis via paraventricular glutamatergic neurons.
    10. TIP39 signaling modulates nociception, very likely by inhibiting endocannabinoid circuitry at a supraspinal level
      Title: Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39) signaling modulates acute and tonic nociception.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (14)

    Variation

    Go to the top of the page Help

    Alleles

    Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
    • Targeted (1)  1 citation
    • Endonuclease-mediated (1) 

    General gene information

    Go to the top of the page Help

    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables signaling receptor binding TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    acts_upstream_of_or_within cAMP biosynthetic process TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within neuropeptide signaling pathway IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in extracellular region IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Preferred Names
    tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues
    Names
    tuberoinfundibular 39 residue protein
    tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39) preprohormone

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    Go to the top of the page Help

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_053256.2 → NP_444486.1  tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues preproprotein

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_444486.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC149868, AF399674
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS21233.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q91W27, Q91ZA0
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000041047.6, ENSMUST00000042754.7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam14980
      Location:49 → 99
      TIP39; TIP39 peptide

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Genomic

    1. NC_000073.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

      Range
      44829447..44831262
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_030241996.2 → XP_030097856.1  tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues isoform X2

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q91W27, Q91ZA0
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam14980
      Location:49 → 99
      TIP39; TIP39 peptide

    2. XM_006540565.5 → XP_006540628.1  tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues isoform X2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006540628.1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q91W27, Q91ZA0
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam14980
      Location:49 → 99
      TIP39; TIP39 peptide

    3. XM_017321930.1 → XP_017177419.1  tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A1B0GR43
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000147367.2, ENSMUST00000210086.2
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam14980
      Location:62 → 112
      TIP39; TIP39 peptide
    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q91W27.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q91W27

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Chemical Information
    Molecular Biology Databases
    Research Materials
    Tools
    Miscellaneous