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Igh immunoglobulin heavy chain complex [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

Gene ID: 111507, updated on 12-May-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
Ighprovided by MGI
Official Full Name
immunoglobulin heavy chain complexprovided by MGI
Primary source
MGI:MGI:96442
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Mus musculus
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Summary
Summary:Immunoglobulins recognize foreign antigens and initiate immune responses such as phagocytosis and the complement system. Each immunoglobulin molecule consists of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. This region represents the germline organization of the heavy chain locus. The locus includes V (variable), D (diversity), J (joining), and C (constant) segments. During B cell development, a recombination event at the DNA level joins a single D segment with a J segment; this partially rearranged D-J gene is then joined to a V segment. The rearranged V-D-J is then transcribed with the IGHM constant region; this transcript encodes a mu heavy chain. Later in development B cells generate V-D-J-Cmu-Cdelta pre-messenger RNA, which is alternatively spliced to encode either a mu or a delta heavy chain. Mature B cells in the lymph nodes undergo switch recombination, so that the V-D-J gene is brought in proximity to one of the IGHG, IGHA, or IGHE genes and each cell expresses either the gamma, alpha, or epsilon heavy chain. Recombination of many different V segments with several J segments provides a wide range of antigen recognition. Additional diversity is attained by junctional diversity, resulting from the random additional of nucleotides by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase, and by somatic hypermutation, which occurs during B cell maturation in the spleen and lymph nodes. The RefSeq represents the IGH locus from C57BL/6. Several V and D segments in C57BL/6 are known to be incapable of encoding a protein and are considered pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
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Genomic context

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See Igh in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
12 F1- F2; 12
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 12 NC_000078.7 (113222388..115973574, complement)
108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 12 NC_000078.6 (113258768..116009954, complement)

Chromosome 12 - NC_000078.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene CapStarr-seq enhancer MGSCv37_chr12:114425816-114425969 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_33382 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E7190 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E7191 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer mm9_chr12:114458733-114459034 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer mm9_chr12:114460326-114460627 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E5364 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer mm9_chr12:114482971-114483272 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer mm9_chr12:114552856-114553157 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_33383 Neighboring gene transmembrane protein 121 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 25622 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer mm9_chr12:114656588-114656889 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E3069 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E744 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 57594 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 2C Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 2B Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_33384 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha Neighboring gene Immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1 (G1m marker) Neighboring gene FUS interacting protein (serine-arginine rich) 1 pseudogene Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy diversity 4-1 Neighboring gene transducin-like enhancer of split 6 pseudogene Neighboring gene transducin-like enhancer of split 6 pseudogene Neighboring gene Immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy diversity 2-8 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy diversity 5-5 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy diversity 5-6 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy diversity 3-2 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy diversity 2-7 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy diversity 5-8 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy diversity 5-4 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy diversity 2-6 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy diversity 5-7 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy diversity 5-3 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy diversity 2-5 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy diversity 5-2 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy diversity 2-4 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy diversity 2-3 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy diversity 6-2 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-1 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy diversity 6-1 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy joining 1 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy joining 4 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy joining 3 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy joining 2 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy diversity 5-1 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy diversity 3-1 Neighboring gene a disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain 6B Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy constant delta Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy constant mu Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V5-1 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 2-1 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 5-2 Neighboring gene a disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain 6A Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 2-2 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V5-3 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 5-4 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V6-1 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 2-3 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V5-5 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 5-10 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 5-6 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V5-7 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_33385 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V5-11 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 5-12-4 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V5-8 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 5-9-1 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V2-4 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 5-12 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 5-9 Neighboring gene predicted gene 9517 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 2-5 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_33386 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 2-9-1 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 2-6 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 2-6-8 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L26, pseudogene 3 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V5-13 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 5-15 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 5-16 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 2-7 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 5-17 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V5-18 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V5-19 Neighboring gene predicted gene 7003 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_33388 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V2-8 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 2-9 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 7-1 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 14-1 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 7-2 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_33391 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 11-1 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 4-1 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 14-2 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 3-1 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V11-2 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V4-2 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V14-3 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 3-2 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 16-1 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_33392 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V12-1 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V12-2 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_33393 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V6-2 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 9-1 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V9-2 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V15-1 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 14-4 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V9-3 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 7-3 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V3-3 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 7-4 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 13-1 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V3-4 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 3-5 Neighboring gene RAD23b homolog pseudogene Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_33394 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V5-21 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 3-6 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 9-4 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V3-7 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V3-8 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 13-2 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V12-3 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V8-1 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer mm9_chr12:115783330-115783630 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-1 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 53771 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 6-3 Neighboring gene microRNA 7094-1 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V6-4 Neighboring gene CapStarr-seq enhancer MGSCv37_chr12:115847540-115847723 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V6-5 Neighboring gene microRNA 7094-2 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 6-6 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 10-1 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer mm9_chr12:115888670-115888971 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V6-7 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V10-2 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V8-2 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-2 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-3 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V10-3 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-4 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_33395 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V10-4 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-5 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V15-2 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-7 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-6 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-8 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-17-1 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-10 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-11 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-12 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-9 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-19-1 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-13 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-14 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-15 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-21-1 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-16 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-17 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-18 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-19 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_33396 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 46322 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-20 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-21 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-22 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-23 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_33397 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-24 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-25 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-26 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 40899 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-27 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-28 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-29 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-30 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-31 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_33398 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-32 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-33 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-34 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 34465 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-35 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-36 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-37 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-38 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-39 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-40 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-41 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-42 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-43 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-44 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_33399 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-45 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-46 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-47 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-48 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V8-3 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-49 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V8-4 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V8-5 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-50 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-51 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-52 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-53 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-54 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V8-6 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-55 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-56 Neighboring gene high mobility group box 2 pseudogene Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-57 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V8-7 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 30948 Neighboring gene high mobility group box 2 pseudogene Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-62-1 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-58 Neighboring gene baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 3 pseudogene Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-59 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 8-8 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-60 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-61 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-62-2 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-62 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-62-3 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 30996 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-63 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V8-9 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-64 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer mm9_chr12:116909819-116910120 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V8-10 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-65 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L7A, pseudogene 2 Neighboring gene high mobility group box 2 pseudogene Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V8-11 Neighboring gene high mobility group box 2 pseudogene Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-66 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-67 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-68 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-69 Neighboring gene transcription elongation factor B (SIII), polypeptide 2 pseudogene Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V8-12 Neighboring gene cell division cycle 5-like pseudogene Neighboring gene WW domain binding protein 11 pseudogene Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-70 Neighboring gene microRNA 6388 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-71 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 40900 Neighboring gene high mobility group box 2 pseudogene Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-72 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 8-13 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-73 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-74 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 8-14 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_33400 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-75 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V8-15 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E923 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-76 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable V8-16 Neighboring gene high mobility group box 1 pseudogene Neighboring gene high mobility group box 2 pseudogene Neighboring gene olfactory receptor family 5 subfamily T member 19, pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-77 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-78 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-79 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-80 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-81 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-82 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-83 Neighboring gene olfactory receptor GA_x5J8B7W27DS-1519-2216 Neighboring gene signaling molecule ATTP pseudogene Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-84 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-85 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-86 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 53772 Neighboring gene ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1 pseudogene Neighboring gene zinc finger protein 386 (Kruppel-like)

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Antigen footprint governs activation of the B cell receptor. Ferapontov A, et al. Nat Commun, 2023 Feb 22. PMID 36813795, Free PMC Article
  2. Follicular T cells are clonally and transcriptionally distinct in B cell-driven mouse autoimmune disease. Akama-Garren EH, et al. Nat Commun, 2021 Nov 18. PMID 34795279, Free PMC Article
  3. Nanobodies from camelid mice and llamas neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants. Xu J, et al. Nature, 2021 Jul. PMID 34098567, Free PMC Article
  4. Overcoming Steric Restrictions of VRC01 HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies through Immunization. Parks KR, et al. Cell Rep, 2019 Dec 3. PMID 31801073, Free PMC Article
  5. B cell receptor ligation induces display of V-region peptides on MHC class II molecules to T cells. Huszthy PC, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2019 Dec 17. PMID 31796587, Free PMC Article

See all (446) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Loop extrusion mediates physiological Igh locus contraction for RAG scanning.
    Title: Loop extrusion mediates physiological Igh locus contraction for RAG scanning.
  2. CtIP-mediated DNA resection is dispensable for IgH class switch recombination by alternative end-joining.
    Title: CtIP-mediated DNA resection is dispensable for IgH class switch recombination by alternative end-joining.
  3. Each of the two Igh alleles in a B cell behaves independently of the other, up to the moment when a successful rearrangement in one allele triggers a feedback mechanism that prevents further recombination.
    Title: Independent recruitment of Igh alleles in V(D)J recombination.
  4. Data indicate that a regulatory element within the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (3'IghRR) is a target of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR).
    Title: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor regulates an essential transcriptional element in the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene.
  5. Focused AgR chromatin analysis splits the Igh-SE into 2 active regions that belong to states 4 and 5. Only the hRE1 region functions as an enhancer in pro-B cells. It interacts with other Igh regulatory elements. hRE2 belongs to state 5.
    Title: Targeted chromatin profiling reveals novel enhancers in Ig H and Ig L chain Loci.
  6. Myc translocations are independent of chromosomal location and orientation of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus
    Title: Oncogenic Myc translocations are independent of chromosomal location and orientation of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
  7. Mapping of translocation breakpoints using an acetylated histone H3 lysine 9 chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing approach reveals Igh fusions up to approximately 350 kb upstream of Myc or the related oncogene Mycn in Burkitt translocations.
    Title: Mouse model of endemic Burkitt translocations reveals the long-range boundaries of Ig-mediated oncogene deregulation.
  8. findings show the 3' cis-regulatory region is transcribed and undergoes AID-mediated mutation and recombination around phylogenetically conserved switchlike DNA repeats
    Title: AID-driven deletion causes immunoglobulin heavy chain locus suicide recombination in B cells.
  9. We conclude that hs5-7, a high-density CTCF-binding region at the 3' end of the Igh locus, impacts usage of V(H) regions as far as 500 kb away.
    Title: Germline deletion of Igh 3' regulatory region elements hs 5, 6, 7 (hs5-7) affects B cell-specific regulation, rearrangement, and insulation of the Igh locus.
  10. IgH 3' regulatory region mediated deregulation of c-myc can promote various types of B lymphoproliferation in cells that first acquired a p53 defect.
    Title: A p53 defect sensitizes various stages of B cell development to lymphomagenesis in mice carrying an IgH 3' regulatory region-driven c-myc transgene.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (29)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)

General gene information

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Markers

Clone Names

  • MGC6486, MGC6522, MGC6529, MGC6628, MGC6740, MGC28019, MGC36307, MGC68276, MGC68378, MGC102661, MGC102662, MGC103226, MGC118125

General protein information

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Names
immunoglobulin heavy chain complex

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_005838.1 

    Range
    11172..2762358 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

  1. NC_000078.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Range
    113222388..115973574 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein Strain
Heading Accession and Version

Gene LinkOut

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