Azin2 antizyme inhibitor 2 [Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)] - Gene

Summary

Gene symbol: Azin2
Gene description: antizyme inhibitor 2
See related: Ensembl:ENSCGRG00015008681
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Cricetulus griseus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Cricetidae; Cricetinae; Cricetulus
Also known as: Adc
Summary: The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the antizyme inhibitor family, which plays a role in cell growth and proliferation by maintaining polyamine homeostasis within the cell. Antizyme inhibitors are homologs of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, the key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis) that have lost the ability to decarboxylase ornithine; however, retain the ability to bind to antizymes. Antizymes negatively regulate intracellular polyamine levels by binding to ODC and targeting it for degradation, as well as by inhibiting polyamine uptake. Antizyme inhibitors function as positive regulators of polyamine levels by sequestering antizymes and neutralizing their effect. This gene encodes antizyme inhibitor 2, the second member of this gene family. Like antizyme inhibitor 1, antizyme inhibitor 2 interacts with all 3 antizymes and stimulates ODC activity and polyamine uptake. However, unlike antizyme inhibitor 1, which is ubiquitously expressed and localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, antizyme inhibitor 2 is predominantly expressed in the brain and testis and localized in the endoplasmic reticulum-golgi intermediate compartment. Recent studies indicate that antizyme inhibitor 2 is also expressed in specific cell types in ovaries, adrenal glands and pancreas, and in mast cells. The exact function of this gene is not known, however, available data suggest its role in cell growth, spermiogenesis, vesicular trafficking and secretion. There has been confusion in literature and databases over the nomenclature of this gene, stemming from an earlier report that a human cDNA clone (identical to ODCp/AZIN2) had arginine decarboxylase (ADC) activity (PMID:14738999). Subsequent studies in human and mouse showed that antizyme inhibitor 2 was devoid of arginine decarboxylase activity (PMID:19956990). [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: chromosome: 2

Exon count:: 9

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
104	current	CriGri_1.0 (GCF_000223135.1)	Unplaced Scaffold	NW_003613801.1 (1129193..1155745, complement)
104	current	CriGri-PICRH-1.0 (GCF_003668045.3)	2	NC_048595.1 (24058305..24084815)

NW_003613801.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

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Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

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General gene information

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Markers

Adc (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:531464

Gene Ontology Provided by RefSeq

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables catalytic activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info	PubMed
enables ornithine decarboxylase activator activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in negative regulation of protein catabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of catalytic activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of polyamine transmembrane transport	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info	PubMed
involved_in putrescine biosynthetic process from ornithine	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: antizyme inhibitor 2

Names: arginine decarboxylase

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.