RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 13 (RNF13) and similar proteins; RNF13 is a widely expressed membrane-associated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is functionally significant in the regulation of cancer development, muscle cell growth, and neuronal development. Its expression is developmentally regulated during myogenesis and is upregulated in various tumors. RNF13 negatively regulates cell proliferation through its E3 ligase activity. It functions as an important regulator of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease IRE1alpha, mediating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis through the activation of the IRE1alpha-TRAF2-JNK signaling pathway. Moreover, RNF13 is involved in the regulation of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex via the ubiquitination of snapin, a SNAP25-interacting protein, which thereby controls synaptic function. In addition, RNF13 participates in regulating the function of satellite cells by modulating cytokine composition. RNF13 is evolutionarily conserved among many metazoans and contains an N-terminal signal peptide, a protease-associated (PA) domain, a transmembrane (TM) domain and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger domain followed by a putative PEST sequence.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1720403890 203 KFKKGDEYDVCAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLTKTKKTCPVCKQKVVPS 261
Cdd:cd16796     1 KFKKGDEYDVCAICLDEYEEGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLTKTKKTCPVCKQKVVPS 59

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 13 (RNF13) and similar proteins; RNF13 is a widely expressed membrane-associated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is functionally significant in the regulation of cancer development, muscle cell growth, and neuronal development. Its expression is developmentally regulated during myogenesis and is upregulated in various tumors. RNF13 negatively regulates cell proliferation through its E3 ligase activity. It functions as an important regulator of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease IRE1alpha, mediating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis through the activation of the IRE1alpha-TRAF2-JNK signaling pathway. Moreover, RNF13 is involved in the regulation of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex via the ubiquitination of snapin, a SNAP25-interacting protein, which thereby controls synaptic function. In addition, RNF13 participates in regulating the function of satellite cells by modulating cytokine composition. RNF13 is evolutionarily conserved among many metazoans and contains an N-terminal signal peptide, a protease-associated (PA) domain, a transmembrane (TM) domain and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger domain followed by a putative PEST sequence.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1720403890 203 KFKKGDEYDVCAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLTKTKKTCPVCKQKVVPS 261
Cdd:cd16796     1 KFKKGDEYDVCAICLDEYEEGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLTKTKKTCPVCKQKVVPS 59

T9SS-dependent M36 family metallopeptidase; Members of this family have an M36 family metallopeptidase domain, like fungalysin (see PF02128), and a C-terminal T9SS type A sorting domain (see TIGR04131).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720403890  24 FAFLNLL---PVEADILAGFLINSKPENACEPIVPP-PLKDNssgtfIVLIRRLDCNFDIKVLNAQRAGYKAAIVHNVDS 99
Cdd:NF038113  429 AGFGPRLpdaPITGDLALATDSSPDPNDGCDPILNAaALAGK-----IAVIRRGSCEFAVKVLNAQNAGAIAVIIVNNVP 503

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1720403890 100 DDLISMGSNDIDTlkKIDIPSVFIGESSANSLKDE 134
Cdd:NF038113  504 GEPIVMGGGDTGP--PITIPSIMISQADGEAIITA 536

myxosortase-dependent M36 family metallopeptidase; Members of this bacterial protein family have an M36 family metallopeptidase domain, like fungalysin (see PF02128), and a C-terminal MYXO-CTERM domain (see TIGR03901), suggesting processing and surface-anchoring by the still-unknown putative transpeptidase, myxosortase. Members of this family include MXAN_3564 (mepA), part of the effector cargo of outer membrane vesicles that the species produces in large numbers during predation on other microbes.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720403890   32 VEADILAGFLINSKPENACEPIVPPplkdnssGTF---IVLIRRLDCNFDIKVLNAQRAGYKAAIVHNVDSDDLISMGSN 108
Cdd:NF038112   517 VTGDVVLAPDGTGSDTDGCTPFTNA-------AEVagkIALIDRGTCDFTVKALNAQNAGAIGVIIANNAAGAAPGLGGT 589

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|....
gi 1720403890  109 DidtlKKIDIPSVFIGESSANSLK 132
Cdd:NF038112   590 D----PAVTIPALSITQADGNAWK 609

PA domain; The PA (Protease associated) domain is found as an insert domain in diverse proteases. The PA domain is also found in a plant vacuolar sorting receptor Swiss:O22925 and members of the RZF family Swiss:O43567. It has been suggested that this domain forms a lid-like structure that covers the active site in active proteases, and is involved in protein recognition in vacuolar sorting receptors.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720403890  52 PIVPPPLKDNSSGTF--------IVLIRRLDCNFDIKVLNAQRAGYKAAIVHNVDSDDL-ISMGSNDIDTLKKIDIPSVF 122
Cdd:pfam02225   3 PLVLAPGCYAGDGIPadfdvkgkIVLVRCTFGFRAEKVRNAQAAGAAGVIIYNNVEGLGgPPGAGGNELYPDGIYIPAVG 82

                  ....*....
gi 1720403890 123 IGESSANSL 131
Cdd:pfam02225  83 VSRADGEAL 91

N1R/p28-like protein; Provisional

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1720403890 201 VHKFKKGDEydvCAICLEE-YEDGDKLR---ILP-CSHAYHCKCVDPWlTKTKKTCPVCKQK 257
Cdd:PHA02929  168 LYNRSKDKE---CAICMEKvYDKEIKNMyfgILSnCNHVFCIECIDIW-KKEKNTCPVCRTP 225

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 13 (RNF13) and similar proteins; RNF13 is a widely expressed membrane-associated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is functionally significant in the regulation of cancer development, muscle cell growth, and neuronal development. Its expression is developmentally regulated during myogenesis and is upregulated in various tumors. RNF13 negatively regulates cell proliferation through its E3 ligase activity. It functions as an important regulator of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease IRE1alpha, mediating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis through the activation of the IRE1alpha-TRAF2-JNK signaling pathway. Moreover, RNF13 is involved in the regulation of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex via the ubiquitination of snapin, a SNAP25-interacting protein, which thereby controls synaptic function. In addition, RNF13 participates in regulating the function of satellite cells by modulating cytokine composition. RNF13 is evolutionarily conserved among many metazoans and contains an N-terminal signal peptide, a protease-associated (PA) domain, a transmembrane (TM) domain and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger domain followed by a putative PEST sequence.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1720403890 203 KFKKGDEYDVCAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLTKTKKTCPVCKQKVVPS 261
Cdd:cd16796     1 KFKKGDEYDVCAICLDEYEEGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLTKTKKTCPVCKQKVVPS 59

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 13 (RNF13), RING finger protein 167 (RNF167), and similar proteins; This subfamily includes RING finger protein 13 (RNF13), RING finger protein 167 (RNF167), Zinc/RING finger protein 4 (ZNRF4), and similar proteins, which belong to a larger PA-TM-RING ubiquitin ligase family that has been characterized by containing an N-terminal signal peptide, a protease-associated (PA) domain, a transmembrane domain (TM), and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger followed by a putative PEST sequence. RNF13 is a widely expressed membrane-associated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that functions in the regulation of cancer development, muscle cell growth, and neuronal development. Its expression is developmentally regulated during myogenesis and is upregulated in various tumors. RNF13 negatively regulates cell proliferation through its E3 ligase activity. RNF167, also known as RING105, is an endosomal/lysosomal E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in the ubiquitination of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR). It acts as an endosomal membrane protein which ubiquitylates vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 (VAMP3) and regulates endosomal trafficking. Moreover, RNF167 plays a role in the regulation of TSSC5 (tumor-suppressing subchromosomal transferable fragment cDNA, also known as ORCTL2/IMPT1/BWR1A/SLC22A1L), which can function in concert with the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH6. ZNRF4, also known as RING finger protein 204 (RNF204), or Nixin, is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-anchored ubiquitin ligase that physically interacts with the ER-localized chaperone calnexin in a glycosylation-independent manner, inducing calnexin ubiquitination, and p97-dependent degradation. The murine protein sperizin (spermatid-specific ring zinc finger) is a homolog of human ZNRF4. It is specifically expressed in Haploid germ cells and is involved in spermatogenesis.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1720403890 211 DVCAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLTKTKKTCPVCKQ 256
Cdd:cd16665     1 DVCAICLDDYEEGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCIDPWLTKNKRTCPVCKR 46

PA: Protease-associated (PA) domain. The PA domain is an insert domain in a diverse fraction of proteases. The significance of the PA domain to many of the proteins in which it is inserted is undetermined. It may be a protein-protein interaction domain. At peptidase active sites, the PA domain may participate in substrate binding and/or promoting conformational changes, which influence the stability and accessibility of the site to substrate. Proteins into which the PA domain is inserted include the following: i) various signal peptide peptidases including, hSPPL2a and 2b which catalyze the intramembrane proteolysis of tumor necrosis factor alpha, ii) various proteins containing a C3H2C3 RING finger including, Arabidopsis ReMembR-H2 protein and various E3 ubiquitin ligases such as human GRAIL (gene related to anergy in lymphocytes), iii) EDEM3 (ER-degradation-enhancing mannosidase-like 3 protein), iv) various plant vacuolar sorting receptors such as Pisum sativum BP-80, v) glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII), vi) yeast aminopeptidase Y, vii) Vibrio metschnikovii VapT, a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) resistant extracellular alkaline serine protease, viii) lactocepin (a cell envelope-associated protease from Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NCDO 151), ix) various subtilisin-like proteases such as melon Cucumisin, and x) human TfR (transferrin receptor) 1 and 2.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720403890  11 SATQVYTILTVQLFAFLNLLPVeadilagFLINSKPENACEPIVPPPLKDNSSGtFIVLIRRLDCNFDIKVLNAQRAGYK 90
Cdd:cd00538     1 DVILATTGYAGSALLFNPPSSP-------VGVVAGPLVGCGYGTTDDSGADVKG-KIVLVRRGGCSFSEKVKNAQKAGAK 72

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1720403890  91 AAIVHNVDSDDLISMGSNDIDTlKKIDIPSVFIGESSANSLKDEFTYEK 139
Cdd:cd00538    73 AVIIYNNGDDPGPQMGSVGLES-TDPSIPTVGISYADGEALLSLLEAGK 120

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana protein SUGAR INSENSITIVE 3 (SIS3) and similar proteins; SIS3 is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that acts as a positive regulator of sugar signaling during early seedling development. SIS3 contains a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1720403890 213 CAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLTKtKKTCPVCKQKV 258
Cdd:cd23118     3 CTICLEDFEDGEKLRVLPCQHQFHSECVDQWLRR-NPKCPVCRRDA 47

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF6, RNF12, and similar proteins; RNF6 is an androgen receptor (AR)-associated protein that induces AR ubiquitination and promotes AR transcriptional activity. RNF6-induced ubiquitination may regulate AR transcriptional activity and specificity by modulating cofactor recruitment. RNF6 is overexpressed in hormone-refractory human prostate cancer tissues and required for prostate cancer cell growth under androgen-depleted conditions. RNF6 also regulates local serine/threonine kinase LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1) levels in axonal growth cones. RNF6-induced LIMK1 polyubiquitination is mediated via K48 of ubiquitin and leads to proteasomal degradation of the kinase. RNF6 binds and upregulates the Inha promoter, and functions as a transcription regulatory protein in the mouse sertoli cell. It acts as a potential tumor suppressor gene involved in the pathogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). RNF12, also known as LIM domain-interacting RING finger protein, or RING finger LIM domain-binding protein (R-LIM), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase encoded by gene RLIM that is crucial for normal embryonic development in some species and for normal X inactivation in mice. It thus functions as a major sex-specific epigenetic regulator of female mouse nurturing tissues. RNF12 is widely expressed during embryogenesis, and mainly localizes to the cell nucleus, where it regulates the levels of many proteins, including CLIM, LMO, HDAC2, TRF1, SMAD7, and REX1, by proteasomal degradation. Both RNF6 and RNF12 contain a well conserved C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1720403890 213 CAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLtKTKKTCPVCK 255
Cdd:cd16467     2 CTICLGEYETGEKLRRLPCSHEFHSECVDRWL-KENSSCPICR 43

PA_subtilisin_1: Protease-associated domain containing subtilisin-like proteases, subgroup 1. A subgroup of PA domain-containing subtilisin-like proteases. The significance of the PA domain to many of the proteins in which it is inserted is undetermined. It may be a protein-protein interaction domain. At peptidase active sites, the PA domain may participate in substrate binding and/or promoting conformational changes, which influence the stability and accessibility of the site to substrate. Proteins into which the PA domain is inserted include the following subtilisin-like proteases: i) melon cucumisin, ii) Arabidopsis thaliana Ara12, iii) Alnus glutinosa ag12, iv) members of the tomato P69 family, and v) tomato LeSBT2. However, these proteins belong to other subtilisin-like subgroups. Relatively little is known about proteins in this subgroup.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720403890  31 PVEADILAGFLINSKPENACEPIvppPLKDNSSGTfIVLIRRLDCNFDIKVLNAQRAGYKAAIVHNVDSDD-LISMGSND 109
Cdd:cd04818    11 NVTADVVLAGAAPASNTDGCTAF---TNAAAFAGK-IALIDRGTCNFTVKVLNAQNAGAIAVIVANNVAGGaPITMGGDD 86

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1720403890 110 idtlKKIDIPSVFIGESSANSLKDE 134
Cdd:cd04818    87 ----PDITIPAVMISQADGDALKAA 107

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger proteins RNF24, RNF122, and similar proteins; This subfamily includes RNF24, RNF122, and similar proteins. RNF24 is an intrinsic membrane protein localized in the Golgi apparatus. It specifically interacts with the ankyrin-repeats domains (ARDs) of TRPC1, -3, -4, -5, -6, and -7, and affects TRPC intracellular trafficking without affecting their activity. RNF122 is a RING finger protein associated with HEK 293T cell viability. It is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus, and overexpressed in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. RNF122 functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that can ubiquitinate itself and undergo degradation through its RING finger in a proteasome-dependent manner. Both RNF24 and RNF122 contain an N-terminal transmembrane domain and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1720403890 211 DVCAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLtKTKKTCPVCKQKV 258
Cdd:cd16469     1 DTCAVCLEEFKLKEELGVCPCGHAFHTKCLKKWL-EVRNSCPICKSPV 47

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase BIG BROTHER (BB) and similar proteins; BB (also known as protein ENHANCER OF DA1-1 or EOD1) is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that limits organ size, and possibly seed size, in a dose-dependent manner. It negatively regulates the duration of cell proliferation in leaves and petals independently of the major phytohormones (e.g. auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, brassinosteroids, ethylene, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid), probably by targeting growth stimulators for degradation. It limits the proliferation of root meristematic cells. BB polyubiquitinates DA1. It is involved in the promotion of leaf senescence, in addition to its function in restricting plant growth. BB-related is an E3 ubiquitin-ligase probably involved in organ size regulation. Members of this subfamily contain a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1720403890 213 CAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLtKTKKTCPVCKQKVV 259
Cdd:cd23115     7 CVICRLEYEEGEDLLTLPCKHCYHSECIQQWL-QINKVCPVCSAEVT 52

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 11 (RNF11) and similar proteins; RNF11 is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that acts both as an adaptor and a modulator of itch-mediated control of ubiquitination events underlying membrane traffic. It acts downstream of an enzymatic cascade for the ubiquitination of specific substrates. It is also a molecular adaptor of homologous to E6-associated protein C-terminus (HECT)-type ligases. RNF11 has been implicated in the regulation of several signaling pathways. It enhances transforming growth factor receptor (TGFR) signaling by both abrogating Smurf2-mediated receptor ubiquitination and by promoting the Smurf2-mediated degradation of AMSH (associated molecule with the SH3 domain of STAM), a de-ubiquitinating enzyme that enhances TGF-beta signaling and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) endosomal recycling. It also acts directly on Smad4 to enhance Smad4 function, and plays a role in prolonged TGF-beta signaling. RNF11 also functions as a critical component of the A20 ubiquitin-editing protein complex that negatively regulates tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation. It interacts with Smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA) and the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-0 complex, thus participating in the regulation of lysosomal degradation of EGFR. RNF11 acts as a novel GGA cargo actively participating in regulating the ubiquitination of the GGA protein family. RNF11 functions together with TAX1BP1 to target TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)/IkappaB kinase IKKi, and further restricts antiviral signaling and type I interferon (IFN)-beta production. RNF11 contains an N-terminal PPPY motif that binds WW domain-containing proteins such as AIP4/itch, Nedd4 and Smurf1/2 (SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase 1/2), and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger that functions as a scaffold for the coordinated transfer of ubiquitin to substrate proteins together with the E2 enzymes UbcH527 and Ubc13.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1720403890 213 CAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLTkTKKTCPVCK 255
Cdd:cd16468     2 CVICMADFVVGDPIRYLPCMHIYHVDCIDDWLM-RSFTCPSCM 43

Ring finger domain;

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1720403890 211 DVCAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLtKTKKTCPVCK 255
Cdd:pfam13639   1 DECPICLEEFEEGDKVVVLPCGHHFHRECLDKWL-RSSNTCPLCR 44

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana RING-H2 finger A1a (RHA1A), A1b (RHA1B) and similar proteins; This subfamily includes Arabidopsis thaliana RHA1A, RHA1B and XERICO. RHA1A is a probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that may possess E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro. RHA1B possesses E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity when associated with the E2 enzyme UBC8 in vitro. XERICO functions on abscisic acid homeostasis at post-translational level, probably through ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent substrate-specific degradation. Members of this subfamily contain a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1720403890 211 DVCAICLEEYEDGDKLRILP-CSHAYHCKCVDPWLTKTKKTCPVCKQ 256
Cdd:cd23121     2 DCCAICLSDFNSDEKLRQLPkCGHIFHHHCLDRWIRYNKITCPLCRA 48

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF6 and similar proteins; RNF6 is an androgen receptor (AR)-associated protein that induces AR ubiquitination and promotes AR transcriptional activity. RNF6-induced ubiquitination may regulate AR transcriptional activity and specificity by modulating cofactor recruitment. RNF6 is overexpressed in hormone-refractory human prostate cancer tissues and required for prostate cancer cell growth under androgen-depleted conditions. Moreover, RNF6 regulates local serine/threonine kinase LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1) levels in axonal growth cones. RNF6-induced LIMK1 polyubiquitination is mediated via K48 of ubiquitin and leads to proteasomal degradation of the kinase. RNF6 also binds and upregulates the Inha promoter, and functions as a transcription regulatory protein in the mouse sertoli cell. RNF6 also acts as a potential tumor suppressor gene involved in the pathogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). RNF6 contains an N-terminal coiled-coil domain, a Lys-X-X-Leu/Ile-X-X-Leu/Ile (KIL) motif, and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger which is responsible for its ubiquitin ligase activity. The KIL motif is present in a subset of RING-H2 proteins from organisms as evolutionarily diverse as human, mouse, chicken, Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Arabidopsis thaliana.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720403890 212 VCAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLTKTkKTCPVCKQKVVPS 261
Cdd:cd16673     2 TCSVCINEYATGNKLRRLPCAHEFHIHCIDRWLSEN-STCPICRQPVLGS 50

RING-finger-containing ubiquitin ligase [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones];

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720403890  67 IVLIRRLDCNFDIKVLNAQRAGYKAAIV---HNVDSDDLISMGSNDIDTLKKIDIPSVFIGESSANSLKDEFTYEKG--- 140
Cdd:COG5540   149 DRCNRRGNETEEDPTRERRRTRFKGVIRgseRNGETFRLHYMVAPDKVDPRSEGVEDPVTLTTSINVTWDGLGNTYQaps 228

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720403890 141 ----------------------GHIILVPELSLPLEYYL---------IPFLIIVGICLILIVIFmitkFVQDRHRNRRN 189
Cdd:COG5540   229 qsaeaqdetgdmfwprlsrfvgSRGFRVVFPRIPSQELRflfltqskgSRFNIILEIQINFDVGF----YSSSEAIPTTT 304

                         170       180       190       200       210       220       230
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 1720403890 190 RlrKDQLKKLPVHKFKKGDEYDVCAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLTKTKKTCPVCKQKVVP 260
Cdd:COG5540   305 T--KGSLKPLSIERAVEADKGVECAICMSNFIKNDRLRVLPCDHRFHVGCVDKWLLGYSNKCPVCRTAIPP 373

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger proteins, RNF130, RNF149, RNF150 and similar proteins; This subfamily includes RING finger proteins, RNF130, RNF149 and RNF150, which belong to a larger PA-TM-RING ubiquitin ligase family that has been characterized by an N-terminal signal peptide, a protease-associated (PA) domain, a transmembrane (TM) domain and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger domain followed by a putative PEST sequence. RNF130, also known as Goliath homolog (H-Goliath), is a paralog of RNF128. It is a transmembrane E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase expressed in leukocytes. It has a self-ubiquitination property and controls the development of T cell clonal anergy by ubiquitination. RNF133 is a testis-specific endoplasmic reticulum-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase that may play a role in sperm maturation through an ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. RNF149, also known as DNA polymerase-transactivated protein 2, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that induces the ubiquitination of wild-type v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) and promotes its proteasome-dependent degradation. RNF150 polymorphisms may be associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk in the Chinese population. This subfamily also includes Drosophila melanogaster protein goliath (d-goliath), also known as protein g1, which is one of the founding members of the group. It was originally identified as a transcription factor involved in the embryo mesoderm formation.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1720403890 213 CAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLTKtKKTCPVCK 255
Cdd:cd16668     2 CAVCIEPYKPSDVIRILPCKHIFHKSCVDPWLLE-HRTCPMCK 43

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in zinc/RING finger protein 3 (ZNRF3) and similar proteins; ZNRF3, also known as RING finger protein 203 (RNF203), is a homolog of Ring finger protein 43 (RNF43). It is a transmembrane E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is associated with the Wnt receptor complex, and negatively regulates Wnt signaling by promoting the turnover of frizzled and lipoprotein receptor-related protein LRP6 in an R-spondin-sensitive manner. It inhibits gastric cancer cell growth and promotes cell apoptosis by affecting the Wnt/beta-catenin/TCF signaling pathway. ZNRF3 contains an N-terminal signal peptide, a protease-associated (PA) domain, a transmembrane (TM) domain and a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger followed by a long C-terminal region.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1720403890 213 CAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLTKtKKTCPVCKQ 256
Cdd:cd16799     2 CAICLEKYIDGEELRVIPCTHRFHKKCVDPWLLQ-HHTCPHCRH 44

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 149 (RNF149) and similar proteins; RNF149, also known as DNA polymerase-transactivated protein 2, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with wild-type v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF), a RING domain-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in control of gene transcription, translation, cytoskeletal organization, cell adhesion, and epithelial development. RNF149 induces the ubiquitination of wild-type BRAF and promotes its proteasome-dependent degradation. Mutated RNF149 has been found in some human breast, ovarian, and colorectal cancers. RNF149 contains an N-terminal signal peptide, a protease-associated (PA) domain, a transmembrane (TM) domain and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger domain followed by a putative PEST sequence.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1720403890 213 CAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLTKtKKTCPVCKQKVV 259
Cdd:cd16804     2 CAVCIENYKSKDVVRILPCKHVFHRICIDPWLLE-HRTCPMCKLDVI 47

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 24 (RNF24) and similar proteins; RNF24 is an intrinsic membrane protein localized in the Golgi apparatus. It specifically interacts with the ankyrin-repeats domains (ARDs) of TRPC1, -3, -4, -5, -6, and -7, and affects TRPC intracellular trafficking without affecting their activity. RNF24 contains an N-terminal transmembrane domain and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1720403890 211 DVCAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLtKTKKTCPVCKQKVV 259
Cdd:cd16675     1 EICAVCLEEFKPKDELGICPCKHAFHRKCLIKWL-EVRKVCPLCNMPVL 48

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger proteins RNF126, RNF115, and similar proteins; This subfamily includes RING finger proteins RNF126, RNF115, and similar proteins. RNF126 is a Bag6-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase that is involved in the mislocalized protein (MLP) pathway of quality control. It regulates the retrograde sorting of the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR). RNF126 promotes cancer cell proliferation by targeting the tumor suppressor p21 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation, and could be a novel therapeutic target in breast and prostate cancers. It is also able to ubiquitylate cytidine deaminase (AID), a poorly soluble protein that is essential for antibody diversification. RNF115, also known as Rab7-interacting ring finger protein (Rabring 7), or zinc finger protein 364 (ZNF364), or breast cancer-associated gene 2 (BCA2), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is an endogenous inhibitor of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation; this inhibition increases the efficacy of metformin in breast cancer cells. It also functions as a cofactor in the restriction imposed by tetherin on HIV-1, and targets HIV-1 Gag for lysosomal degradation, impairing virus assembly and release, in a tetherin-independent manner. Moreover, RNF115 is a Rab7-binding protein that stimulates c-Myc degradation through mono-ubiquitination of MM-1. It also plays crucial roles as a Rab7 target protein in vesicle traffic to late endosome/lysosome and lysosome biogenesis. RNF115 and RNF126 associate with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and promote ubiquitylation of EGFR, suggesting they play a role in the ubiquitin-dependent sorting and downregulation of membrane receptors. Both of them contain an N-terminal BCA2 Zinc-finger domain (BZF), AKT-phosphorylation sites, and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1720403890 213 CAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLtKTKKTCPVCK 255
Cdd:cd16667     2 CAVCKEDFEVGEEVRQLPCKHLFHPDCIVPWL-ELHNSCPVCR 43

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 150 (RNF150) and similar proteins; RNF150 is a RING finger protein and its polymorphisms may be associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk in the Chinese population. Further studies with larger numbers of participants worldwide are needed for validation of the relationships between RNF150 genetic variants and the pathogenesis of COPD. RNF150 contains an N-terminal signal peptide, a protease-associated (PA) domain, a transmembrane (TM) domain and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger domain followed by a putative PEST sequence.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 1720403890 209 EYDVCAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLTKtKKTCPVCKQKVV 259
Cdd:cd16805     5 DFDNCAVCIEGYKPNDVVRILPCRHLFHKSCVDPWLLD-HRTCPMCKMNIL 54

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in protein E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Praja-1, Praja-2, and similar proteins; This family includes two highly similar E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases, Praja-1 and Praja-2. Praja-1, also known as RING finger protein 70, is a RING-H2 finger ubiquitin ligase encoded by gene PJA1, a novel human X chromosome gene abundantly expressed in the brain. It has been implicated in bone and liver development, as well as memory formation and X-linked mental retardation (MRX). Praja-1 interacts with and activates the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH5B, and shows E2-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. It is a 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep)-induced ubiquitin ligase that directly ubiquitinates individual polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) subunits in a cell free system, which leads to their proteasomal degradation. It also plays an important role in neuronal plasticity, which is the basis for learning and memory. Moreover, Praja-1 ubiquitinates embryonic liver fodrin (ELF) and Smad3, but not Smad4, in a transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-dependent manner. It controls ELF abundance through ubiquitin-mediated degradation, and further regulates TGF-beta signaling, which plays a key role in the suppression of gastric carcinoma. Praja-1 also regulates the transcription function of the homeodomain protein Dlx5 by controlling the stability of Dlxin-1, via a ubiquitin-dependent degradation pathway. Praja-2, also known as RING finger protein 131, NEURODAP1, or KIAA0438, is an E2-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase that interacts with and activates the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH5B. It functions as an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP)-like E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays a critical role in controlling cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent PKA activity and pro-survival signaling, and further promotes cell proliferation and growth. Praja-2 is also involved in protein sorting at the postsynaptic density region of axosomatic synapses and possibly plays a role in synaptic communication and plasticity. Together with the AMPK-related kinase SIK2 and the CDK5 activator CDK5R1/p35, it forms a SIK2-p35-PJA2 complex that plays an essential role for glucose homeostasis in pancreatic beta cell functional compensation. Praja-2 ubiquitylates and degrades Mob, a core component of NDR/LATS kinase and a positive regulator of the tumor-suppressor Hippo signaling. Both Praja-1 and Praja-2 contain a potential nuclear localization signal (NLS) and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 motif.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1720403890 213 CAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLTKTkKTCPVCK 255
Cdd:cd16465     2 CPICCSEYVKDEIATELPCHHLFHKPCITAWLQKS-GTCPVCR 43

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 122 (RNF122) and similar proteins; RNF122 is a RING finger protein associated with HEK 293T cell viability. It is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus, and overexpressed in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. RNF122 functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that can ubiquitinate itself and undergo degradation through its RING finger in a proteasome-dependent manner. It interacts with calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand (CAML), which is not a substrate, but a stabilizer of RNF122. RNF122 contains an N-terminal transmembrane domain and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1720403890 213 CAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLtKTKKTCPVCKQKV 258
Cdd:cd16676     3 CAVCLEDFKTKDELGVLPCQHAFHRKCLVKWL-EIRCVCPMCNKPI 47

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 111 (RNF111) and similar proteins; RNF111, also known as Arkadia, is a nuclear E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that targets intracellular effectors and modulators of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)/Nodal-related signaling for polyubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation. It acts as an amplifier of Nodal signals, and enhances the dorsalizing activity of limiting amounts of Xnr1, a Nodal homolog, and requires Nodal signaling for its function. The loss of RNF111 results in early embryonic lethality, with defects attributed to compromised Nodal signaling. RNF111 also regulates tumor metastasis by modulation of the TGF-beta pathway. Its ubiquitination can be modulated by the four and a half LIM-only protein 2 (FHL2) that activates TGF-beta signal transduction. Furthermore, RNF111 interacts with the clathrin-adaptor 2 (AP2) complex and regulates endocytosis of certain cell surface receptors, leading to modulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and possibly other signaling pathways. In addition, RNF111 has been identified as a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-binding protein with clustered SUMO-interacting motifs (SIMs) that together form a SUMO-binding domain (SBD). It thus functions as a SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase (STUbL) that directly links nonproteolytic ubiquitylation and SUMOylation in the DNA damage response, as well as triggers degradation of signal-induced polysumoylated proteins, such as the promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML). The N-terminal half of RNF111 harbors three SIMs. Its C-terminal half show high sequence similarity with RING finger protein 165 (RNF165), where it contains two serine rich domains, two nuclear localization signals, an NRG-TIER domain, and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger that is required for polyubiqutination and proteasome-dependent degradation of phosphorylated forms of Smad2/3 and three major negative regulators of TGF-beta signaling, Smad7, SnoN and c-Ski.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1720403890 208 DEYDVCAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLTKTKKtCPVCK 255
Cdd:cd16681     8 DTEEKCTICLSILEEGEDVRRLPCMHLFHQVCVDQWLITNKK-CPICR 54

Ring finger; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity is intrinsic to the RING domain of c-Cbl and is likely to be a general function of this domain; Various RING fingers exhibit binding activity towards E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (Ubc' s)

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1720403890  213 CAICLEEYEDgdKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLTKTKKTCPVC 254
Cdd:smart00184   1 CPICLEEYLK--DPVILPCGHTFCRSCIRKWLESGNNTCPIC 40

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana MED25-binding RING-H2 protein (MBR) and similar proteins; This subfamily includes MBR1 and MBR2 (also called HAL3-interacting protein 1 or AtHIP1). They are E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases that function as regulators of MED25 stability by targeting MED25 for degradation in a RING-H2-dependent manner. Proteasome-dependent degradation of MED25 seems to activate its function as a positive regulator of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and is important to induce the expression of FT, and consequently to promote flowering. MBR2 may also function downstream of HAL3 and be required for HAL3-regulated plant growth. Activation of MBR2 by HAL3 may lead to the degradation of cell cycle suppressors, resulting in enhancement of cell division and plant growth. Both MBR1 and MBR2 contain a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1720403890 213 CAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLTKtKKTCPVCK 255
Cdd:cd23113     5 CCICQEEYEEGDELGTIECGHEYHSDCIKQWLVQ-KNLCPICK 46

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 115 (RNF115) and similar proteins; RNF115, also known as Rab7-interacting ring finger protein (Rabring 7), or zinc finger protein 364 (ZNF364), or breast cancer-associated gene 2 (BCA2), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is an endogenous inhibitor of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and its inhibition increases the efficacy of metformin in breast cancer cells. It also functions as a co-factor in the restriction imposed by tetherin on HIV-1, and targets HIV-1 Gag for lysosomal degradation, impairing virus assembly and release, in a tetherin-independent manner. Moreover, RNF115 is a Rab7-binding protein that stimulates c-Myc degradation through mono-ubiquitination of MM-1. It also plays crucial roles as a Rab7 target protein in vesicle traffic to late endosome/lysosome and lysosome biogenesis. Furthermore, RNF115 and the related protein, RNF126 associate with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and promote ubiquitylation of EGFR, suggesting they play a role in the ubiquitin-dependent sorting and downregulation of membrane receptors. RNF115 contains an N-terminal BCA2 Zinc-finger domain (BZF), the AKT-phosphorylation sites, and the C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1720403890 213 CAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLtKTKKTCPVCKQKV 258
Cdd:cd16800     3 CPVCKEDYTVGEQVRQLPCNHFFHSDCIVPWL-ELHDTCPVCRKSL 47

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 139 (RNF139) and similar proteins; RNF139, also known as translocation in renal carcinoma on chromosome 8 protein (TRC8), is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident multi-transmembrane protein that functions as a potent growth suppressor in mammalian cells, inducing G2/M arrest, decreased DNA synthesis and increased apoptosis. It is a tumor suppressor that has been implicated in a novel regulatory relationship linking the cholesterol/lipid biosynthetic pathway with cellular growth control. A mutation in RNF139 has been identified in families with hereditary renal (RCC) and thyroid cancers. RNF139 physically and functionally interacts with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), which is part of an SCF related E3-ubiquitin ligase complex with "gatekeeper" function in renal carcinoma and is defective in most sporadic clear-cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC). It suppresses growth and functions with VHL in a common pathway. RNF139 also suppresses tumorigenesis by targeting heme oxygenase-1 for ubiquitination and degradation. Moreover, RNF139 is a target of Translin (TSN), a posttranscriptional regulator of genes transcribed by the transcription factor CREM-tau in postmeiotic male germ cells, suggesting a role of RNF139 in dysgerminoma. In addition, RNF139 forms an integral part of a novel multi-protein ER complex, containing MHC I, US2, and signal peptide peptidase, which is associated with the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. It is required for the ubiquitination of MHC class I molecules before dislocation from the ER. As a novel sterol-sensing ER membrane protein, RNF139 hinders sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) processing through interaction with SREBP-2 and SREBP cleavage-activated protein (SCAP), regulating its own turnover rate via its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. RNF139 shows two regions of similarity with the receptor for sonic hedgehog (SHH), Patched. The first region corresponds to the second extracellular domain of Patched, which is involved in binding SHH. The second region is a putative sterol-sensing domain (SSD). The C-terminal half of RNF139 contains a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger with E3-ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1720403890 211 DVCAICLEEYedGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLTkTKKTCPVCKQKV 258
Cdd:cd16683     5 DVCAICYQEF--TTSARITPCNHYFHALCLRKWLY-IQDTCPMCHQKV 49

PA_PoS1_like: Protease-associated (PA) domain PoS1-like. This group includes various PA domain-containing proteins similar to Pleurotus ostreatus (Po)S1. PoSl, the main extracellular protease in P. ostreatus is a subtilisin-like serine protease belonging to the peptidase S8 family. Ca2+ and Mn2+ both stimulate the protease activity of (Po)S1. Ca2+ protects PoS1 from autolysis. PoS1 is a monomeric glycoprotein, which may play a role in the regulation of laccases in lignin formation. (Po)S1 participates in the degradation of POXA1b, and in the activation of POXA3, (POXA1b and POXA3 are laccase isoenzymes), but its effect may be indirect. The significance of the PA domain to PoS1 has not been ascertained. It may be a protein-protein interaction domain. At peptidase active sites, the PA domain may participate in substrate binding and/or promoting conformational changes, which influence the stability and accessibility of the site to substrate.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720403890  35 DILAGFLINSKPENACEPIvpPPLKDNSSGtFIVLIRRLDCNFDIKVLNAQRAGYKAAIVHNvDSDDLISMGSNDIDTLK 114
Cdd:cd02124    29 PLWALSLDTSVADDACQPL--PDDTPDLSG-YIVLVRRGTCTFATKAANAAAKGAKYVLIYN-NGSGPTDQVGSDADSII 104

                  ....*..
gi 1720403890 115 KIDIPSV 121
Cdd:cd02124   105 AAVTPED 111

Modified RING finger, C3HGC3-type, found in RING finger and WD repeat domain-containing protein 3 (RFWD3) and similar proteins; RFWD3, also known as RING finger protein 201 (RNF201) or FLJ10520, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that forms a complex with Mdm2 and p53 to synergistically ubiquitinate p53 and acts as a positive regulator of p53 stability in response to DNA damage. It is phosphorylated by checkpoint kinase ATM/ATR and the phosphorylation mutant fails to stimulate p53 ubiquitination. RFWD3 also functions as a novel replication protein A (RPA)-associated protein involved in DNA replication checkpoint control. RFWD3 contains an N-terminal SQ-rich region followed by a RING finger domain that exhibits robust E3 ubiquitin ligase activity toward p53, a coiled-coil domain and three WD40 repeats in the C-terminus, the latter two of which may be responsible for protein-protein interaction. The RING finger in this family is a modified C3HGC3-type RING finger, but not a canonical C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger or C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 1720403890 209 EYDVCAICLEEYEDGDKLRI--LPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLTKTKKTCPVCKQK 257
Cdd:cd16450     1 EGNTCPICFEPWTSSGEHRLvsLKCGHLFGYSCIEKWLKGKGKKCPQCNKK 51

RING finger, HC subclass, found in topoisomerase I-binding arginine/serine-rich protein (Topors) and similar proteins; Topors, also known as topoisomerase I-binding RING finger protein, tumor suppressor p53- binding protein 3, or p53-binding protein 3 (p53BP3), is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that can ligate both ubiquitin and small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) to substrate proteins in the nucleus. It contains an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger which ligates ubiquitin to its target proteins including DNA topoisomerase I, p53, NKX3.1, H2AX, and the AAV-2 Rep78/68 proteins. As a RING-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase, Topors works with the E2 enzymes UbcH5a, UbcH5c, and UbcH6, but not with UbcH7, CDC34, or UbcH2b. Topors acts as a tumor suppressor in various malignancies. It regulates p53 modification, suggesting it may be responsible for astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1, also known as metadherin, or LYRIC) ubiquitin modification. Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of Topors inhibits Topors-mediated sumoylation of p53, whereas p53 ubiquitination is enhanced, leading to p53 degradation. It also functions as a negative regulator of the prostate tumor suppressor NKX3.1. Moreover, Topors is associated with promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies, and may be involved in the cellular response to camptothecin. It also plays a key role in the turnover of H2AX protein, discriminating the type of DNA damaging stress. Furthermore, Topors is a cilia-centrosomal protein associated with autosomal dominant retinal degeneration. Mutations in TOPORS cause autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP).

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1720403890 211 DVCAICLEEYEDgDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWlTKTKKTCPVCKQK 257
Cdd:cd16574     2 SSCPICLDRFEN-EKAFLDGCFHAFCFTCILEW-SKVKNECPLCKQP 46

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger proteins RNF139, RNF145, and similar proteins; RNF139, also known as translocation in renal carcinoma on chromosome 8 protein (TRC8), is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident multi-transmembrane protein that functions as a potent growth suppressor in mammalian cells, inducing G2/M arrest, decreased DNA synthesis and increased apoptosis. It is a tumor suppressor that has been implicated in a novel regulatory relationship linking the cholesterol/lipid biosynthetic pathway with cellular growth control. A mutation in RNF139 has been identified in families with hereditary renal (RCC) and thyroid cancers. RNF145 is an uncharacterized RING finger protein encoded by the RNF145 gene, which is expressed in T lymphocytes, and its expression is altered in acute myelomonocytic and acute promyelocytic leukemias. Although its biological function remains unclear, RNF145 shows high sequence similarity with RNF139. Both RNF139 and RNF145 contain a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger with possible E3-ubiquitin ligase activity.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1720403890 211 DVCAICleeYEDGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLTkTKKTCPVC 254
Cdd:cd16476     1 DVCAIC---YQEMKEARITPCNHFFHGLCLRKWLY-VQDTCPLC 40

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae RING-H2 zinc finger protein RHA2B and similar proteins; RHA2B is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in the positive regulation of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and responses to salt and osmotic stresses during seed germination and early seedling development. It acts additively with RHA2A in regulating ABA signaling and drought response. RHA2B contains a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1720403890 211 DVCAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLTKTKKTCPVCK 255
Cdd:cd23123     1 SDCCICLDKLKTGEEVKKLDCRHKFHKQCIEGWLKHLNFNCPLCR 45

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana RING-H2 zinc finger protein RHF2A and similar proteins; RHF2A is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in the positive regulation of the gametogenesis progression. It is required for the degradation of KRP6, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor which accumulates during meiosis and blocks the progression of subsequent mitoses during gametophytes development. It functions in association with RHF1A. Members of this subfamily contain a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1720403890 211 DVCAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLTKTKKtCPVCKQ 256
Cdd:cd23122    12 DACSICLESFCEADPATVTSCKHEYHLQCILEWSQRSKE-CPMCWQ 56

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (Equine herpesvirus 1/EHV-1) regulatory protein and similar proteins; EHV-1 regulatory protein belongs to the Vmw110 (IPC0) protein family. It contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger and binds zinc stably.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1720403890 211 DVCAICLEEYEdgDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWlTKTKKTCPVCKQKVV 259
Cdd:cd23130     1 DVCPICLDDPE--DEAITLPCLHQFCYTCILRW-LQTSPTCPLCKTPVT 46

Modified RING-CH finger, H2 subclass (C4HC2H-type), found in zinc/RING finger protein 1 (ZNRF1) and similar proteins; ZNRF1, also known as Nerve injury-induced gene 283 protein (nin283), or peripheral nerve injury protein (PNIP), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is highly expressed in the nervous system during development and is associated with synaptic vesicle membranes. It is N-myrisotoylated and is also located in the endosome-lysosome compartment in fibroblasts, suggesting it may participate in ubiquitin-mediated protein modification. It contains an N-terminal MAGE domain, and a special C-terminal domain that combines a zinc finger and a modified C4HC2H-type RING-CH finger, rather than the typical C4HC3-type RING-CH finger, which is a variant of the RING-H2 finger. Only the RING finger of the zinc finger-RING finger motif is required for its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. ZNRF1 regulates Schwann cell differentiation by proteasomal degradation of glutamine synthetase (GS). It also mediates regulation of neuritogenesis via interaction with beta-tubulin type 2 (Tubb2). Moreover, ZNRF1 promotes Wallerian degeneration by degrading AKT to induce glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3B)-dependent CRMP2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, ZNRF1 and its sister protein ZNRF2 regulate the ubiquitous Na+/K+ pump (Na+/K+ATPase). In addition, ZNRF1 may be associated with leukemogenesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with paired box domain gene 5 (PAX5) alteration.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720403890 213 CAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCVDPWLtKTKKTCP 252
Cdd:cd16694     2 CVICLEELLQGDTIARLPCLCIYHKSCIDSWF-EVNRSCP 40

PA_GO-like: Protease-associated domain containing proteins like Arabidopsis thaliana growth-on protein GRO10. This group contains various PA domain-containing proteins similar to the functionally uncharacterized Arabidopsis GRO10. The PA domain may be a protein-protein interaction domain. At peptidase active sites, the PA domain may participate in substrate binding and/or promoting conformational changes, which influence the stability and accessibility of the site to substrate.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1720403890  57 PLKDNSSGTfIVLIRRLDCNFDIKVLNAQRAGYKAAIVHNvDSDDLISMGSNDIDTLKKIDIPSVFIGESSANSLK 132
Cdd:cd02132    53 PSTSKLSGS-IALVERGECAFTEKAKIAEAGGASALLIIN-DQEELYKMVCEDNDTSLNISIPVVMIPQSAGDALN 126