forkhead associated (FHA) domain found in PHD finger protein 12 (PHF12) and similar proteins; PHF12, also called PHD factor 1 (Pf1), is a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger-containing protein that bridges the transducin-like enhancer of split (TLE) corepressor to the mSin3A-histone deacetylase (HDAC)-complex, and further represses transcription at targeted genes. PHF12 also interacts with MRG15 (mortality factor-related genes on chromosome 15), a member of the mortality factor (MORF) family of proteins implicated in regulating cellular senescence. It also contains an FHA domain, which is a small phosphopeptide recognition module.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568974126 741 KEVQARAVFCPLLGLGGAVNMCYRTLYIGTGADMDVCLTNYGHCNYVSGKHACIFYDENTKHYELLNYSEHGTTVDNVLY 820
Cdd:cd22703    1 TEVQARAVLCPLSGKGPPVPMCYRTLTIGTGADMDVCLSNYGHCNFVSGKHACIFYDETTKHYELLNYSEHGTTVDNVLY 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568974126 821 SCDFSektpptppssivakvqsvirrrrhqkqdeepseeaammssqaqgpqrrPCNCKASSSSLIGGSGAGWEGTALLHH 900
Cdd:cd22703   81 SCDFS------------------------------------------------PCNCKTSSSSLIGGSGAGWEGTALLHH 112

                        170
                 ....*....|....*..
gi 568974126 901 GSYIKLGCLQFVFSITE 917
Cdd:cd22703  113 GSYIKLGCLQFVFSITE 129

PHD finger 2 found in PHD finger protein 12 (PHF12), yeast Rco1, and similar proteins; PHF12, also termed PHD factor 1 (Pf1), is a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger-containing protein that bridges the transducin-like enhancer of split (TLE) corepressor to the mSin3A-histone deacetylase (HDAC)-complex, and further represses transcription at targeted genes. PHF12 also interacts with MRG15 (mortality factor-related genes on chromosome 15), a member of the mortality factor (MORF) family of proteins implicated in regulating cellular senescence. PHF12 contains two plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc fingers followed by a polybasic region. The PHD fingers function downstream of phosphoinositide signaling triggered by the interaction between polybasic regions and phosphoinositides. This subfamily also includes yeast transcriptional regulatory protein Rco1 and similar proteins. Rco1 is a component of the Rpd3S histone deacetylase complex that plays an important role at actively transcribed genes. Rco1 contains two PHD fingers, which are required for the methylation of histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36) nucleosome recognition by Rpd3S. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 568974126 273 VCFTCNRSCRVAPLIQCDYCPLLFHMDCLEPPLTAMP-LGRWMCPNH 318
Cdd:cd15534    1 VCFKCNRSCRVAPLIQCDYCPLLFHLDCLDPPLTHPPaTGRWMCPNH 47

large tegument protein UL36; Provisional

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568974126  507 GCSPPHQPPTLEDISCSSCVEKSKKAPCGTANGPVNTEIKANGPHLYSSPTDSTDPR---RLPGANTPLPGLTHRqgwPR 583
Cdd:PHA03247 2549 GDPPPPLPPAAPPAAPDRSVPPPRPAPRPSEPAVTSRARRPDAPPQSARPRAPVDDRgdpRGPAPPSPLPPDTHA---PD 2625

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568974126  584 PLTP-PSAGGLQNHVGIIVKTENATGPSSCPQRSLVPVPSLPPSIPSSCASIENTSTLHRKTVQSQIGPSSTESRPLGSP 662
Cdd:PHA03247 2626 PPPPsPSPAANEPDPHPPPTVPPPERPRDDPAPGRVSRPRRARRLGRAAQASSPPQRPRRRAARPTVGSLTSLADPPPPP 2705

                         170       180       190       200       210       220
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 568974126  663 P----------NATRVLTPPQAAGDSILATGANQrfcSPAPSSDGKVSPGTLSIGSALTVPSFPANSTA 721
Cdd:PHA03247 2706 PtpepaphalvSATPLPPGPAAARQASPALPAAP---APPAVPAGPATPGGPARPARPPTTAGPPAPAP 2771

forkhead associated (FHA) domain found in PHD finger protein 12 (PHF12) and similar proteins; PHF12, also called PHD factor 1 (Pf1), is a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger-containing protein that bridges the transducin-like enhancer of split (TLE) corepressor to the mSin3A-histone deacetylase (HDAC)-complex, and further represses transcription at targeted genes. PHF12 also interacts with MRG15 (mortality factor-related genes on chromosome 15), a member of the mortality factor (MORF) family of proteins implicated in regulating cellular senescence. It also contains an FHA domain, which is a small phosphopeptide recognition module.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568974126 741 KEVQARAVFCPLLGLGGAVNMCYRTLYIGTGADMDVCLTNYGHCNYVSGKHACIFYDENTKHYELLNYSEHGTTVDNVLY 820
Cdd:cd22703    1 TEVQARAVLCPLSGKGPPVPMCYRTLTIGTGADMDVCLSNYGHCNFVSGKHACIFYDETTKHYELLNYSEHGTTVDNVLY 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568974126 821 SCDFSektpptppssivakvqsvirrrrhqkqdeepseeaammssqaqgpqrrPCNCKASSSSLIGGSGAGWEGTALLHH 900
Cdd:cd22703   81 SCDFS------------------------------------------------PCNCKTSSSSLIGGSGAGWEGTALLHH 112

                        170
                 ....*....|....*..
gi 568974126 901 GSYIKLGCLQFVFSITE 917
Cdd:cd22703  113 GSYIKLGCLQFVFSITE 129

PHD finger 2 found in PHD finger protein 12 (PHF12), yeast Rco1, and similar proteins; PHF12, also termed PHD factor 1 (Pf1), is a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger-containing protein that bridges the transducin-like enhancer of split (TLE) corepressor to the mSin3A-histone deacetylase (HDAC)-complex, and further represses transcription at targeted genes. PHF12 also interacts with MRG15 (mortality factor-related genes on chromosome 15), a member of the mortality factor (MORF) family of proteins implicated in regulating cellular senescence. PHF12 contains two plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc fingers followed by a polybasic region. The PHD fingers function downstream of phosphoinositide signaling triggered by the interaction between polybasic regions and phosphoinositides. This subfamily also includes yeast transcriptional regulatory protein Rco1 and similar proteins. Rco1 is a component of the Rpd3S histone deacetylase complex that plays an important role at actively transcribed genes. Rco1 contains two PHD fingers, which are required for the methylation of histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36) nucleosome recognition by Rpd3S. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 568974126 273 VCFTCNRSCRVAPLIQCDYCPLLFHMDCLEPPLTAMP-LGRWMCPNH 318
Cdd:cd15534    1 VCFKCNRSCRVAPLIQCDYCPLLFHLDCLDPPLTHPPaTGRWMCPNH 47

PHD-finger; PHD folds into an interleaved type of Zn-finger chelating 2 Zn ions in a similar manner to that of the RING and FYVE domains. Several PHD fingers have been identified as binding modules of methylated histone H3.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 568974126   59 CDSCKEGGDLLCCDHCPAAFHLQCCNPPLSEEMLPPGEWMCHRCTVR 105
Cdd:pfam00628   5 CGKSDDGGELVQCDGCDDWFHLACLGPPLDPAEIPSGEWLCPECKPK 51

PHD zinc finger; The plant homeodomain (PHD) finger is a C4HC3 zinc-finger-like motif found in nuclear proteins thought to be involved in epigenetics and chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. The PHD finger binds two zinc ions using the so-called 'cross-brace' motif and is thus structurally related to the RING finger and the FYVE finger. It is not yet known if PHD fingers have a common molecular function. Several reports suggest that it can function as a protein-protein interacton domain and it was recently demonstrated that the PHD finger of p300 can cooperate with the adjacent BROMO domain in nucleosome binding in vitro. Other reports suggesting that the PHD finger is a ubiquitin ligase have been refuted as these domains were RING fingers misidentified as PHD fingers.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 568974126   273 VCFTCNRSCRVAPLIQCDYCPLLFHMDCLEPPLT-AMPLGRWMCPNH 318
Cdd:smart00249   1 YCSVCGKPDDGGELLQCDGCDRWYHQTCLGPPLLeEEPDGKWYCPKC 47

large tegument protein UL36; Provisional

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568974126  507 GCSPPHQPPTLEDISCSSCVEKSKKAPCGTANGPVNTEIKANGPHLYSSPTDSTDPR---RLPGANTPLPGLTHRqgwPR 583
Cdd:PHA03247 2549 GDPPPPLPPAAPPAAPDRSVPPPRPAPRPSEPAVTSRARRPDAPPQSARPRAPVDDRgdpRGPAPPSPLPPDTHA---PD 2625

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568974126  584 PLTP-PSAGGLQNHVGIIVKTENATGPSSCPQRSLVPVPSLPPSIPSSCASIENTSTLHRKTVQSQIGPSSTESRPLGSP 662
Cdd:PHA03247 2626 PPPPsPSPAANEPDPHPPPTVPPPERPRDDPAPGRVSRPRRARRLGRAAQASSPPQRPRRRAARPTVGSLTSLADPPPPP 2705

                         170       180       190       200       210       220
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 568974126  663 P----------NATRVLTPPQAAGDSILATGANQrfcSPAPSSDGKVSPGTLSIGSALTVPSFPANSTA 721
Cdd:PHA03247 2706 PtpepaphalvSATPLPPGPAAARQASPALPAAP---APPAVPAGPATPGGPARPARPPTTAGPPAPAP 2771

forkhead associated (FHA) domain found in PHD finger protein 12 (PHF12) and similar proteins; PHF12, also called PHD factor 1 (Pf1), is a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger-containing protein that bridges the transducin-like enhancer of split (TLE) corepressor to the mSin3A-histone deacetylase (HDAC)-complex, and further represses transcription at targeted genes. PHF12 also interacts with MRG15 (mortality factor-related genes on chromosome 15), a member of the mortality factor (MORF) family of proteins implicated in regulating cellular senescence. It also contains an FHA domain, which is a small phosphopeptide recognition module.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568974126 741 KEVQARAVFCPLLGLGGAVNMCYRTLYIGTGADMDVCLTNYGHCNYVSGKHACIFYDENTKHYELLNYSEHGTTVDNVLY 820
Cdd:cd22703    1 TEVQARAVLCPLSGKGPPVPMCYRTLTIGTGADMDVCLSNYGHCNFVSGKHACIFYDETTKHYELLNYSEHGTTVDNVLY 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568974126 821 SCDFSektpptppssivakvqsvirrrrhqkqdeepseeaammssqaqgpqrrPCNCKASSSSLIGGSGAGWEGTALLHH 900
Cdd:cd22703   81 SCDFS------------------------------------------------PCNCKTSSSSLIGGSGAGWEGTALLHH 112

                        170
                 ....*....|....*..
gi 568974126 901 GSYIKLGCLQFVFSITE 917
Cdd:cd22703  113 GSYIKLGCLQFVFSITE 129

PHD finger 2 found in PHD finger protein 12 (PHF12), yeast Rco1, and similar proteins; PHF12, also termed PHD factor 1 (Pf1), is a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger-containing protein that bridges the transducin-like enhancer of split (TLE) corepressor to the mSin3A-histone deacetylase (HDAC)-complex, and further represses transcription at targeted genes. PHF12 also interacts with MRG15 (mortality factor-related genes on chromosome 15), a member of the mortality factor (MORF) family of proteins implicated in regulating cellular senescence. PHF12 contains two plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc fingers followed by a polybasic region. The PHD fingers function downstream of phosphoinositide signaling triggered by the interaction between polybasic regions and phosphoinositides. This subfamily also includes yeast transcriptional regulatory protein Rco1 and similar proteins. Rco1 is a component of the Rpd3S histone deacetylase complex that plays an important role at actively transcribed genes. Rco1 contains two PHD fingers, which are required for the methylation of histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36) nucleosome recognition by Rpd3S. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 568974126 273 VCFTCNRSCRVAPLIQCDYCPLLFHMDCLEPPLTAMP-LGRWMCPNH 318
Cdd:cd15534    1 VCFKCNRSCRVAPLIQCDYCPLLFHLDCLDPPLTHPPaTGRWMCPNH 47

PHD finger 1 found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcriptional regulatory protein Rco1 and similar proteins; Rco1 is a component of the Rpd3S histone deacetylase complex that plays an important role at actively transcribed genes. Rco1 contains two plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, which are required for the methylation of histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36) nucleosome recognition by Rpd3S. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 568974126  59 CDSCKEGGDLLCCDHCPAAFHLQCCNPPLSEEMLPPGEWMCHRC 102
Cdd:cd15535    2 CSACGGYGSFLCCDGCPRSFHFSCLDPPLEEDNLPDDEWFCNEC 45

PHD-finger; PHD folds into an interleaved type of Zn-finger chelating 2 Zn ions in a similar manner to that of the RING and FYVE domains. Several PHD fingers have been identified as binding modules of methylated histone H3.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 568974126   59 CDSCKEGGDLLCCDHCPAAFHLQCCNPPLSEEMLPPGEWMCHRCTVR 105
Cdd:pfam00628   5 CGKSDDGGELVQCDGCDDWFHLACLGPPLDPAEIPSGEWLCPECKPK 51

PHD finger found in the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 (TIF1) family and similar proteins; The TIF1 family of transcriptional cofactors includes TIF1alpha (TRIM24), TIF1beta (TRIM28), TIF1gamma (TRIM33), and TIF1delta (TRIM66), which are characterized by an N-terminal RING-finger B-box coiled-coil (RBCC/TRIM) motif and plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a bromodomain in the C-terminal region. TIF1 proteins couple chromatin modifications to transcriptional regulation, signaling, and tumor suppression. They exert a deacetylase-dependent silencing effect when tethered to a promoter region. TIF1alpha, TIF1beta, and TIF1delta can homodimerize and contain a PXVXL motif necessary and sufficient for heterochromatin protein 1(HP1) binding. TIF1alpha and TIF1beta bind nuclear receptors and Kruppel-associated boxes (KRAB) specifically and respectively. In contrast, TIF1delta appears to lack nuclear receptor- and KRAB-binding activity. Moreover, TIF1delta is specifically involved in heterochromatin-mediated gene silencing during postmeiotic phases of spermatogenesis. TIF1gamma is structurally closely related to TIF1alpha and TIF1beta, but has very little functional features in common with them. It does not interact with the KRAB silencing domain of KOX1 or the heterochromatinic proteins HP1alpha, beta, and gamma. It cannot bind to nuclear receptors (NRs). This family also includes Sp100/Sp140 family proteins, the nuclear body SP100 and SP140. Sp110 is a leukocyte-specific component of the nuclear body. It may function as a nuclear hormone receptor transcriptional coactivator that may play a role in inducing differentiation of myeloid cells. It is also involved in resisting intracellular pathogens and functions as an important drug target for preventing intracellular pathogen diseases, such as tuberculosis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, and intracellular cancers. SP140 is an interferon inducible nuclear leukocyte-specific protein involved in primary biliary cirrhosis and a risk factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It is also implicated in innate immune response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by binding to the virus viral infectivity factor (Vif) protein. Both Sp110 and Sp140 contain a SAND domain, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, and a bromodomain (BRD).

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 568974126  59 CDSCKEGGDLLCCDHCPAAFHLQCCNPPLSEemLPPGEWMCHRC 102
Cdd:cd15541    2 CAVCQNGGELLCCDKCPRVFHLDCHIPPIPE--FPSGEWSCSLC 43

PHD finger 4 found in nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing (NSD) proteins; The nuclear receptor binding SET domain (NSD) protein is a family of three HMTases, NSD1, NSD2/MMSET/WHSC1, and NSD3/WHSC1L1, that are critical in maintaining chromatin integrity. Reducing NSD activity through specific lysine-HMTase inhibitors appears promising to help suppress cancer growth. NSD proteins have specific mono- and dimethylase activities for H3K36, and they play non-redundant roles during development. NSD1 plays a role in several pathologies, including but not limited to Sotos and Weaver syndromes, acute myeloid leukemia, breast cancer, neuroblastoma, and glioblastoma formation. NSD2 is involved in cancer cell proliferation, survival, and tumor growth, by mediating constitutive NF-kappaB signaling via the cytokine autocrine loop. NSD3 is amplified in human breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, translocation resulting in NUP98 fusion to NSD3 leads to development of acute myeloid leukemia. NSD proteins contain a catalytic suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste and trithorax (SET) domain, two proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domains, five plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, and an NSD-specific Cys-His rich domain (Cys5HisCysHis). This model corresponds to the fourth PHD finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 568974126  59 CDSCKEGGDLLCCDHCPAAFHLQCCNpplsEEMLPPGEWMCHRC 102
Cdd:cd15567    2 CFICSEGGSLICCESCPASFHPECLG----LEPPPEGKFYCEDC 41

PHD finger found in transcriptional intermediary factor 1 delta (TIF1delta); TIF1delta, also termed tripartite motif-containing protein 66 (TRIM66), is a novel heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1)-interacting member of the transcriptional intermediary factor1 (TIF1) family expressed by elongating spermatids. Like other TIF1 proteins, TIF1delta displays a potent trichostatin A (TSA)-sensitive repression function; TSA is a specific inhibitor of histone deacetylases. Moreover, TIF1delta plays an important role in heterochromatin-mediated gene silencing during postmeiotic phases of spermatogenesis. It functions as a negative regulator of postmeiotic genes acting through HP1 isotype gamma (HP1gamma) complex formation and centromere association. TIF1delta contains an N-terminal RBCC (RING finger, B-box zinc-fingers, coiled-coil), a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, followed by a bromodomain in the C-terminal region.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 568974126  55 NHDSCDSCKEGGDLLCCDHCPAAFHLQCCNPPLSEemLPPGEWMCHRC 102
Cdd:cd15625    1 NEDFCAVCLNGGELLCCDRCPKVFHLSCHVPALLS--FPVGEWVCTLC 46

PHD zinc finger; The plant homeodomain (PHD) finger is a C4HC3 zinc-finger-like motif found in nuclear proteins thought to be involved in epigenetics and chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. The PHD finger binds two zinc ions using the so-called 'cross-brace' motif and is thus structurally related to the RING finger and the FYVE finger. It is not yet known if PHD fingers have a common molecular function. Several reports suggest that it can function as a protein-protein interacton domain and it was recently demonstrated that the PHD finger of p300 can cooperate with the adjacent BROMO domain in nucleosome binding in vitro. Other reports suggesting that the PHD finger is a ubiquitin ligase have been refuted as these domains were RING fingers misidentified as PHD fingers.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 568974126    59 CDSCKEGGDLLCCDHCPAAFHLQCCNPPLSEEMlPPGEWMCHRC 102
Cdd:smart00249   5 CGKPDDGGELLQCDGCDRWYHQTCLGPPLLEEE-PDGKWYCPKC 47

PHD finger found in PHD finger protein 21A (PHF21A); PHF21A (also termed BHC80a or BRAF35-HDAC complex protein BHC80) along with HDAC1/2, CtBP1, CoREST, and BRAF35, is associated with LSD1, a lysine (K)-specific histone demethylase. It inhibits LSD1-mediated histone demethylation in vitro. PHF21A is predominantly present in the central nervous system and spermatogenic cells and is one of the six components of BRAF-HDAC complex (BHC) involved in REST-dependent transcriptional repression of neuron-specific genes in non-neuronal cells. It acts as a scaffold protein in BHC in neuronal as well as non-neuronal cells and also plays a role in spermatogenesis. PHF21A contains a C-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) finger that is responsible for the binding directly to each of five other components of BHC, and of organizing BHC mediating transcriptional repression.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 568974126  59 CDSCKEGGDLLCCDHCPAAFHLQCCNPPLSEemLPPGEWMCHRC 102
Cdd:cd15523    2 CSVCRKSGELLMCDTCSLVYHLDCLDPPLKT--IPKGMWICPKC 43

PHD finger found in PHD finger protein 21A (PHF21A); PHF21A (also termed BHC80a or BRAF35-HDAC complex protein BHC80) along with HDAC1/2, CtBP1, CoREST, and BRAF35, is associated with LSD1, a lysine (K)-specific histone demethylase. It inhibits LSD1-mediated histone demethylation in vitro. PHF21A is predominantly present in the central nervous system and spermatogenic cells and is one of the six components of BRAF-HDAC complex (BHC) involved in REST-dependent transcriptional repression of neuron-specific genes in non-neuronal cells. It acts as a scaffold protein in BHC in neuronal as well as non-neuronal cells and also plays a role in spermatogenesis. PHF21A contains a C-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) finger that is responsible for the binding directly to each of five other components of BHC, and of organizing BHC mediating transcriptional repression.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 568974126 273 VCFTCNRScrvAPLIQCDYCPLLFHMDCLEPPLTAMPLGRWMCP 316
Cdd:cd15523    1 FCSVCRKS---GELLMCDTCSLVYHLDCLDPPLKTIPKGMWICP 41

PHD finger found in transcription intermediary factor 1-alpha (TIF1-alpha); TIF1-alpha, also termed tripartite motif-containing protein 24 (TRIM24), or E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM24, or RING finger protein 82, belongs to the TRIM/RBCC protein family. It interacts specifically and in a ligand-dependent manner with the ligand binding domain (LBD) of several nuclear receptors (NRs), including retinoid X (RXR), retinoic acid (RAR), vitamin D3 (VDR), estrogen (ER), and progesterone (PR) receptors. It also associates with heterochromatin-associated factors HP1alpha, MOD1 (HP1beta) and MOD2 (HP1gamma), as well as vertebrate Kruppel-type (C2H2) zinc finger proteins that contain transcriptional silencing domain KRAB. TIF1-alpha is a ligand-dependent co-repressor of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) that interacts with multiple nuclear receptors in vitro via an LXXLL motif, and further acts as a gatekeeper of liver carcinogenesis. It also functions as an E3-ubiquitin ligase targeting p53 and is broadly associated with chromatin silencing. Moreover, it is a chromatin regulator that recognizes specific, combinatorial histone modifications through its C-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD)-Bromodomain (Bromo) region. In addition, it interacts with chromatin and estrogen receptor to activate estrogen-dependent genes associated with cellular proliferation and tumor development. TIF1-alpha contains an N-terminal RBCC (RING finger, B-box zinc-fingers, coiled-coil), a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, followed by a bromodomain in the C-terminal region.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 568974126  59 CDSCKEGGDLLCCDHCPAAFHLQCCNPPLSEemLPPGEWMCHRC 102
Cdd:cd15622    2 CAVCQNGGELLCCEKCPKVFHLSCHVPTLMN--FPSGEWICTFC 43

PHD finger superfamily; The PHD finger superfamily includes a canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) finger typically characterized as Cys4HisCys3, and a non-canonical extended PHD finger, characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. Variations include the RAG2 PHD finger characterized by Cys3His2Cys2His and the PHD finger 5 found in nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing proteins characterized by Cys4HisCys2His. The PHD finger is also termed LAP (leukemia-associated protein) motif or TTC (trithorax consensus) domain. Single or multiple copies of PHD fingers have been found in a variety of eukaryotic proteins involved in the control of gene transcription and chromatin dynamics. PHD fingers can recognize the unmodified and modified histone H3 tail, and some have been found to interact with non-histone proteins. They also function as epigenome readers controlling gene expression through molecular recruitment of multi-protein complexes of chromatin regulators and transcription factors. The PHD finger domain SF is structurally similar to the RING and FYVE_like superfamilies.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 568974126  58 SCDSCKEGGD----LLCCDHCPAAFHLQCCNPPLSEEMlPPGEWMCHRC 102
Cdd:cd15489    1 SCIVCGKGGDlggeLLQCDGCGKWFHADCLGPPLSSFV-PNGKWICPVC 48

PHD finger found in PHD finger protein 21B (PHF21B); PHF21B is a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger-containing protein whose biological function remains unclear. It shows high sequence similarity with PHF21A, which is associated with LSD1, a lysine (K)-specific histone demethylase and inhibits LSD1-mediated histone demethylation in vitro. PHD fingers can recognize the unmodified and modified histone H3 tail, and some have been found to interact with non-histone proteins.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 568974126  59 CDSCKEGGDLLCCDHCPAAFHLQCCNPPLseEMLPPGEWMCHRC 102
Cdd:cd15524    2 CAACKRGGNLQPCGTCPRAYHLDCLDPPL--KTAPKGVWVCPKC 43

PHD finger 4 found in nuclear SET domain-containing protein 3 (NSD3); NSD3, also termed histone-lysine N-methyltransferase NSD3, or protein whistle, or WHSC1-like 1 isoform 9 with methyltransferase activity to lysine, or Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1-like protein 1 (WHSC1-like protein 1, or WHSC1L1), is a lysine methyltransferase encoded by gene NSD3, which is amplified in human breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, translocation resulting in NUP98 fusion to NSD3 leads to the development of acute myeloid leukemia. NSD3 contains a catalytic suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste and trithorax (SET) domain, two proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-prolin motif (PWWP) domains, five plant-homeodomain (PHD) zinc fingers, and an NSD-specific Cys-His rich domain (Cys5HisCysHis). The SET domain is responsible for histone methyltransferase activity. The PWWP and PHD fingers are involved in protein-protein interactions. This model corresponds to the fourth PHD finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 568974126  59 CDSCKEGGDLLCCDHCPAAFHLQCcnppLSEEMlPPGEWMCHRC 102
Cdd:cd15658    2 CFVCARGGRLLCCESCPASFHPEC----LSIEM-PEGCWNCNEC 40

PHD finger found in PHD and RING finger domain-containing protein 1 (PHRF1); PHRF1, also termed KIAA1542, or CTD-binding SR-like protein rA9, is a ubiquitin ligase that induces the ubiquitination of TGIF (TG-interacting factor) at lysine 130. It acts as a tumor suppressor that promotes the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta cytostatic program through selective release of TGIF-driven promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) inactivation. PHRF1 contains a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger and a RING finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 568974126 274 CFTCNRSCRVAPLIQCDYCPLLFHMDCLEPPLTAMPLGRWMCPN 317
Cdd:cd15536    2 CEVCGRSDREDRLLLCDGCDAGYHMECLTPPLDEVPIEEWFCPE 45

PHD finger 5 found in nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing (NSD) proteins; The nuclear receptor binding SET domain (NSD) protein is a family of three HMTases, NSD1, NSD2/MMSET/WHSC1, and NSD3/WHSC1L1, that are critical in maintaining chromatin integrity. Reducing NSD activity through specific lysine-HMTase inhibitors appears promising to help suppress cancer growth. NSD proteins have specific mono- and dimethylase activities for H3K36, and they play non-redundant roles during development. NSD1 plays a role in several pathologies, including but not limited to Sotos and Weaver syndromes, acute myeloid leukemia, breast cancer, neuroblastoma, and glioblastoma formation. NSD2 is involved in cancer cell proliferation, survival, and tumor growth, by mediating constitutive NF-kappaB signaling via the cytokine autocrine loop. NSD3 is amplified in human breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, translocation resulting in NUP98 fusion to NSD3 leads to the development of acute myeloid leukemia. NSD proteins contain a catalytic suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste and trithorax (SET) domain, two proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domains, five plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, and an NSD-specific Cys-His rich domain (Cys5HisCysHis). This model corresponds to the fifth PHD finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 568974126  59 CDSCKEGGDLLCCDH--CPAAFHLQCcnppLSEEMLPPGEWMC 99
Cdd:cd15568    2 CFRCGDGGDLVLCDFkgCPKVYHLSC----LGLEKPPGGKWIC 40

PHD finger found in bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain protein 1B (BAZ1B); BAZ1B, also termed Tyrosine-protein kinase BAZ1B, or Williams syndrome transcription factor (WSTF), or Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosomal region 10 protein, Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosomal region 9 protein, or WALp2, is a multifunctional protein implicated in several nuclear processes, including replication, transcription, and the DNA damage response. BAZ1B/WSTF, together with the imitation switch (ISWI) ATPase, forms a WSTF-ISWI chromatin remodeling complex (WICH), which transiently associates with the human inactive X chromosome (Xi) during late S-phase prior to BRCA1 and gamma-H2AX. Moreover, BAZ1B/WSTF, SNF2h, and nuclear myosin 1 (NM1) forms the chromatin remodeling complex B-WICH that is involved in regulating rDNA transcription. BAZ1B contains a WAC motif, a DDT domain, BAZ 1 and BAZ 2 motifs, a WAKZ (WSTF/Acf1/KIAA0314/ZK783.4) motif, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, and a bromodomain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 568974126  59 CDSCKEGGD---LLCCDHCPAAFHLQCCNPPLSEemLPPGEWMCHRC 102
Cdd:cd15628    2 CKVCRKKGEddkLILCDECNQAFHLFCLRPALYE--VPDGEWMCPAC 46

PHD-finger; PHD folds into an interleaved type of Zn-finger chelating 2 Zn ions in a similar manner to that of the RING and FYVE domains. Several PHD fingers have been identified as binding modules of methylated histone H3.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 568974126  273 VCFTCNRSCRVAPLIQCDYCPLLFHMDCLEPPLTAMPL--GRWMCP 316
Cdd:pfam00628   1 YCAVCGKSDDGGELVQCDGCDDWFHLACLGPPLDPAEIpsGEWLCP 46

PHD finger 4 found in nuclear SET domain-containing protein 2 (NSD2); NSD2, also termed histone-lysine N-methyltransferase NSD2, or multiple myeloma SET domain-containing protein (MMSET), or protein trithorax-5 Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1 protein (WHSC1), is overexpressed frequently in the t(4;14) translocation in 15% to 20% of multiple myeloma. It plays important roles in cancer cell proliferation, survival, and tumor growth, by mediating constitutive NF-kappaB signaling via the cytokine autocrine loop. It also enhances androgen receptor (AR)-mediated transcription. The principal chromatin-regulatory activity of NSD2 is dimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 36 (H3K36me2). NSD2 contains a catalytic suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste and trithorax (SET) domain, two proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-prolin motif (PWWP) domains, a high mobility group (HMG) box, five PHD (plant-homeodomain) zinc fingers, and an NSD-specific Cys-His rich domain (Cys5HisCysHis). The SET domain is responsible for histone methyltransferase activity. The PWWP, HMG, and PHD fingers mediate chromatin interaction and recognition of histone marks. This model corresponds to the fourth PHD finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 568974126  59 CDSCKEGGDLLCCDHCPAAFHLQCCNPPlseemLPPGEWMCHRC 102
Cdd:cd15657    2 CFVCSKGGSLLCCESCPAAFHPDCLNIE-----MPDGSWFCNDC 40

PHD finger 1 found in Lysine-specific demethylase KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, KDM5D and similar proteins; The JARID subfamily within the JmjC proteins includes Lysine-specific demethylase KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, KDM5D and a Drosophila homolog, protein little imaginal discs (Lid). KDM5A was originally identified as a retinoblastoma protein (Rb)-binding partner and its inactivation may be important for Rb to promote differentiation. It is involved in transcription through interacting with TBP, p107, nuclear receptors, Myc, Sin3/HDAC, Mad1, RBP-J, CLOCK and BMAL1. KDM5B has a restricted expression pattern in the testis, ovary, and transiently in the mammary gland of the pregnant female and has been shown to be upregulated in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer, suggesting a potential role in tumorigenesis. Both KDM5A and KDM5B function as trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) demethylases. KDM5C is a H3K4 trimethyl-histone demethylase that catalyzes demethylation of H3K4me3 and H3K4me2 to H3K4me1. It plays a role in neuronal survival and dendrite development. KDM5C defects are associated with X-linked mental retardation (XLMR). KDM5D is a male-specific antigen that shows a demethylase activity specific for di- and tri-methylated histone H3K4 (H3K4me2 and H3K4me3), and has a male-specific function as a histone H3K4 demethylase by recruiting a meiosis-regulatory protein, MSH5, to condensed DNA. KDM5D directly interacts with a polycomb-like protein Ring6a/MBLR, and plays a role in regulation of transcriptional initiation through H3K4 demethylation. This family also includes Drosophila melanogaster protein little imaginal discs (Lid) that functions as a JmjC-dependent H3K4me3 demethylase, which is required for dMyc-induced cell growth. It positively regulates Hox gene expression in S2 cells. Members in this family contain the catalytic JmjC domain, JmjN, the BRIGHT domain, which is an AT-rich interacting domain (ARID), and a Cys5HisCys2 zinc finger, as well as two or three plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 568974126  59 CDSCKEGGD---LLCCDHCPAAFHLQCCNPPLSEemLPPGEWMCHRC 102
Cdd:cd15515    2 CQVCGRGDDedkLLLCDGCDDSYHTFCLIPPLPD--IPPGDWRCPKC 46

PHD finger 2 found in PHD finger protein 14 (PHF14) and similar proteins; PHF14 is a novel nuclear transcription factor that controls the proliferation of mesenchymal cells by directly repressing platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRalpha) expression. It also acts as an epigenetic regulator and plays an important role in the development of multiple organs in mammals. PHF14 contains three canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers and a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. It can interact with histones through its PHD fingers. The model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 568974126 273 VCFTCNRSCRVAPLIQCDYCPLLFHMDCLEPPLTAMPLGR----WMC 315
Cdd:cd15562    1 SCGICKKSNDQHLLALCDTCKLYYHLGCLDPPLTRMPKKTknsgWQC 47

PHD finger 3 found in PHD finger protein 14 (PHF14) and similar proteins; PHF14 is a novel nuclear transcription factor that controls the proliferation of mesenchymal cells by directly repressing platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRalpha) expression. It also acts as an epigenetic regulator and plays an important role in the development of multiple organs in mammals. PHF14 contains three canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers and a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. It can interact with histones through its PHD fingers. The model corresponds to the third PHD finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 568974126 273 VCFTCNRSCRVAPLIQCDYCPLLFHMDCLEPPLTAMPLGR---WMC 315
Cdd:cd15563    1 ECCVCKQTGDNSQLVRCDECKLCYHFGCLDPPLKKSPKQRgygWVC 46

PHD finger 1 found in Drosophila melanogaster protein little imaginal discs (Lid) and similar proteins; Drosophila melanogaster Lid, also termed Retinoblastoma-binding protein 2 homolog, is identified genetically as a trithorax group (trxG) protein that is a Drosophila homolog of the human protein JARID1A/kdm5A, a member of the JARID subfamily within the JmjC proteins. Lid functions as a JmjC-dependent trimethyl histone H3K4 (H3K4me3) demethylase, which is required for dMyc-induced cell growth. It positively regulates Hox gene expression in S2 cells. Lid contains the catalytic JmjC domain, JmjN, the BRIGHT domain, which is an AT-rich interacting domain (ARID), and a Cys5HisCys2 zinc finger, as well as three plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger of Lid.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 568974126  59 CDSCKEGGD---LLCCDHCPAAFHLQCCNPPLSEemLPPGEWMCHRC 102
Cdd:cd15605    2 CHTCGRGDGeesMLLCDGCDDSYHTFCLLPPLSE--VPKGDWRCPKC 46

PHD finger 1 found in autoimmune regulator (AIRE); AIRE, also termed autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) protein, functions as a regulator of gene transcription in the thymus. It is essential for prevention of autoimmunity. AIRE plays a critical role in the induction of central tolerance. It promotes self-tolerance through tissue-specific antigen (TSA) expression. It also acts as an active regulator of chondrocyte differentiation. AIRE contains a homogeneously-staining region (HSR) or caspase-recruitment domain (CARD), a nuclear localization signal (NLS), a SAND (for Sp100, AIRE, nuclear phosphoprotein 41/75 or NucP41/75, and deformed epidermal auto regulatory factor 1 or Deaf1) domain, two plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, and four LXXLL (where L stands for leucine) motifs. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger that recognizes the unmethylated tail of histone H3 and targets AIRE-dependent genes.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568974126 286 LIQCDYCPLLFHMDCLEPPLTAMPLGRWMC 315
Cdd:cd15539   11 LLCCDGCPRAFHLACLVPPLTLIPSGTWRC 40

PHD finger found in bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain protein 2A (BAZ2A) and 2B (BAZ2B); BAZ2A, also termed transcription termination factor I-interacting protein 5 (TTF-I-interacting protein 5, or Tip5), or WALp3, is an epigenetic regulator. It has been implicated in epigenetic rRNA gene silencing, as the large subunit of the SNF2h-containing chromatin-remodeling complex NoRC that induces nucleosome sliding in an ATP- and histone H4 tail-dependent fashion. BAZ2A has also been shown to be broadly overexpressed in prostate cancer, to regulate numerous protein-coding genes and to cooperate with EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) to maintain epigenetic silencing at genes repressed in prostate cancer metastasis. Its overexpression is tightly associated with a prostate cancer subtype displaying CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) in tumors and with prostate cancer recurrence in patients. BAZ2B, also termed WALp4, is a bromodomain-containing protein whose biological role is still elusive. It shows high sequence similarly with BAZ2A. Both BAZ2A and BAZ2B contain a TAM (TIP5/ARBP/MBD) domain, a DDT domain, four AT-hooks, BAZ 1 and BAZ 2 motifs, a WAKZ (WSTF/Acf1/KIAA0314/ZK783.4) motif, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, and a bromodomain. BAZ2B also harbors an extra Apolipophorin-III like domain in its N-terminal region.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 568974126 274 CFTCNRSCRVAPLIQCDYCPLLFHMDCLEPPLTAMPLGRWMCPN 317
Cdd:cd15545    2 CQICRSGDNEDQLLLCDGCDRGYHTYCFKPKMTNVPEGDWFCPE 45

PHD finger 2 found in class II Chromodomain-Helicase-DNA binding (CHD) proteins; Class II CHD proteins includes chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein CHD3, CHD4, and CHD5, which are nuclear and ubiquitously expressed chromatin remodelling ATPases generally associated with histone deacetylases (HDACs). They are involved in DNA Double Strand Break (DSB) signaling, DSB repair and/or p53-dependent pathways such as apoptosis and senescence, as well as in the maintenance of genomic stability, and/or cancer prevention. They function as subunits of the Nucleosome Remodelling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex, which is generally associated with gene repression, heterochromatin formation, and overall chromatin compaction. In contrast to the class I CHD enzymes (CHD1 and CHD2), class II CHD proteins lack identifiable DNA-binding domains, but possess a C-terminal coiled-coil region. Moreover, in addition to the tandem chromodomains and a helicase domain, they all harbor tandem plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc fingers involved in the recognition of methylated histone tails. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 568974126 286 LIQCDYCPLLFHMDCLEPPLTAMPLGRWMCPN 317
Cdd:cd15532   11 LLCCDGCPSSYHLHCLNPPLAEIPDGDWFCPR 42

forkhead associated (FHA) domain found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae fork head protein homolog 1 (FKH1), 2 (FKH2) and similar proteins; This family includes FKH1 and FKH2, as well as pre-rRNA-processing protein FHL1. FKH1 and FKH2 are forkhead transcription factors that regulate the expression of the CLB2 cluster of genes during the G2/M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. The CLB2 cluster of genes includes mitotic regulators such as CLB1, CLB2, CDC5 and CDC20, as well as SWI5 and ACE2. FKH1 and FKH2 are involved in HMRa silencing. They associate with the coding regions of active genes and influence, in opposing ways, transcriptional elongation and termination, and coordinate early transcription elongation and pre-mRNA processing. Both FKH1 and FKH2 play a role as regulators of lifespan in collaboration with the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), likely through combined regulation of stress response, genomic stability, and cell cycle regulation. They also function in controlling yeast cell morphology by preventing pseudohyphal growth and act as rate-limiting replication origin activators via their interaction with the origin recognition complex (ORC). FHL1 is a forkhead protein that controls the pre-rRNA processing machinery in conjunction with IFH1. It might act as a transcriptional regulator of genes specifically involved in that process. IFH1 convert FHL1 from a repressor to an activator. This family also includes AtFHA1 and AtFHA2, which may play a role in the control of plant organ development. AtFHA2 is specifically involved in the regulation of stamen development. The FHA domain is a small phosphopeptide recognition module.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 568974126 782 GHCNYVSGKHACIFYDENTKHYELLNYSEHGTTVDNVLY 820
Cdd:cd22701   41 GPSKKISRRHARIFYDFTTQCFELSVLGRNGVKVDGILV 79

PHD finger found in bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain protein BAZ1A and BAZ1B; BAZ1A, also termed ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling protein, or ATP-utilizing chromatin assembly and remodeling factor 1 (ACF1), or CHRAC subunit ACF1, or Williams syndrome transcription factor-related chromatin-remodeling factor 180 (WCRF180), or WALp1, is a subunit of the conserved imitation switch (ISWI)-family ATP-dependent chromatin assembly and remodeling factor (ACF)/chromatin accessibility complex (CHRAC) chromatin remodeling complex, which is required for DNA replication through heterochromatin. It alters the remodeling properties of the ATPase motor protein sucrose nonfermenting-2 homolog (SNF2H). Moreover, BAZ1A and its complexes play important roles in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. It is essential for averting improper gene expression during spermatogenesis. It also regulates transcriptional repression of vitamin D3 receptor-regulated genes. BAZ1B, also termed Tyrosine-protein kinase BAZ1B, or Williams syndrome transcription factor (WSTF), or Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosomal region 10 protein, Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosomal region 9 protein, or WALp2, is a multifunctional protein implicated in several nuclear processes, including replication, transcription, and the DNA damage response. BAZ1B/WSTF, together with the imitation switch (ISWI) ATPase, forms a WSTF-ISWI chromatin remodeling complex (WICH), which transiently associates with the human inactive X chromosome (Xi) during late S-phase prior to BRCA1 and gamma-H2AX. Moreover, BAZ1B/WSTF, SNF2h, and nuclear myosin 1 (NM1) forms the chromatin remodeling complex B-WICH that is involved in regulating rDNA transcription. Both BAZ1A and BAZ1B contain a WAC motif, a DDT domain, BAZ 1 and BAZ 2 motifs, a WAKZ (WSTF/Acf1/KIAA0314/ZK783.4) motif, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, and a bromodomain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 568974126 274 CFTCNRSCRVAPLIQCDYCPLLFHMDCLEPPLTAMPLGRWMCP 316
Cdd:cd15544    2 CKVCRKKGDPDNMILCDGCDKAFHLYCLRPALREVPSGDWFCP 44

PHD finger found in bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain protein BAZ1A and BAZ1B; BAZ1A, also termed ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling protein, or ATP-utilizing chromatin assembly and remodeling factor 1 (ACF1), or CHRAC subunit ACF1, or Williams syndrome transcription factor-related chromatin-remodeling factor 180 (WCRF180), or WALp1, is a subunit of the conserved imitation switch (ISWI)-family ATP-dependent chromatin assembly and remodeling factor (ACF)/chromatin accessibility complex (CHRAC) chromatin remodeling complex, which is required for DNA replication through heterochromatin. It alters the remodeling properties of the ATPase motor protein sucrose nonfermenting-2 homolog (SNF2H). Moreover, BAZ1A and its complexes play important roles in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. It is essential for averting improper gene expression during spermatogenesis. It also regulates transcriptional repression of vitamin D3 receptor-regulated genes. BAZ1B, also termed Tyrosine-protein kinase BAZ1B, or Williams syndrome transcription factor (WSTF), or Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosomal region 10 protein, Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosomal region 9 protein, or WALp2, is a multifunctional protein implicated in several nuclear processes, including replication, transcription, and the DNA damage response. BAZ1B/WSTF, together with the imitation switch (ISWI) ATPase, forms a WSTF-ISWI chromatin remodeling complex (WICH), which transiently associates with the human inactive X chromosome (Xi) during late S-phase prior to BRCA1 and gamma-H2AX. Moreover, BAZ1B/WSTF, SNF2h, and nuclear myosin 1 (NM1) forms the chromatin remodeling complex B-WICH that is involved in regulating rDNA transcription. Both BAZ1A and BAZ1B contain a WAC motif, a DDT domain, BAZ 1 and BAZ 2 motifs, a WAKZ (WSTF/Acf1/KIAA0314/ZK783.4) motif, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, and a bromodomain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 568974126  59 CDSCKEGGD---LLCCDHCPAAFHLQCCNPPLSEemLPPGEWMCHRC 102
Cdd:cd15544    2 CKVCRKKGDpdnMILCDGCDKAFHLYCLRPALRE--VPSGDWFCPAC 46

PHD finger 1 found in Lysine-specific demethylase 5C (KDM5C) and 5D (KDM5D); The family includes KDM5C and KDM5D, both of which belong to the JARID subfamily within the JmjC proteins. KDM5C (also termed Histone demethylase JARID1C, Jumonji/ARID domain-containing protein 1C, SmcX, or Xe169) is a H3K4 trimethyl-histone demethylase that catalyzes demethylation of H3K4me3 and H3K4me2 to H3K4me1. It plays a role in neuronal survival and dendrite development. KDM5C defects are associated with X-linked mental retardation (XLMR). KDM5D (also termed Histocompatibility Y antigen (H-Y), Histone demethylase JARID1D, Jumonji/ARID domain-containing protein 1D, or SmcY) is a male-specific antigen that shows a demethylase activity specific for di- and tri-methylated histone H3K4 (H3K4me3 andH3K4me2), and has a male-specific function as a histone H3K4 demethylase by recruiting a meiosis-regulatory protein, MSH5, to condensed DNA. KDM5D directly interacts with a polycomb-like protein Ring6a/MBLR, and plays a role in regulation of transcriptional initiation through H3K4 demethylation. Both KDM5C and KDM5D contain the catalytic JmjC domain, JmjN, the BRIGHT domain, which is an AT-rich interacting domain (ARID), and a Cys5HisCys2 zinc finger, as well as two plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 568974126 273 VCFTCNRSCRVAPLIQCDYCPLLFHMDCLEPPLTAMPLGRWMCP 316
Cdd:cd15604    1 VCRMCSRGDEDDKLLLCDGCDDNYHTFCLLPPLPEPPKGIWRCP 44

PHD finger 1 found in Lysine-specific demethylase 5A (KDM5A); KDM5A (also termed Histone demethylase JARID1A, Jumonji/ARID domain-containing protein 1A, or Retinoblastoma-binding protein 2 (RBBP-2 or RBP2)) was originally identified as a retinoblastoma protein (Rb)-binding partner and its inactivation may be important for Rb to promote differentiation. It is involved in transcription through interacting with TBP, p107, nuclear receptors, Myc, Sin3/HDAC, Mad1, RBP-J, CLOCK and BMAL1. KDM5A functions as a trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) demethylase that belongs to the JARID subfamily within the JmjC proteins. It also displays DNA-binding activities that can recognize the specific DNA sequence CCGCCC. KDM5A contains the catalytic JmjC domain, JmjN, the BRIGHT domain, which is an AT-rich interacting domain (ARID), and a Cys5HisCys2 zinc finger, as well as three plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 568974126 273 VCFTCNRSCRVAPLIQCDYCPLLFHMDCLEPPLTAMPLGRWMCP 316
Cdd:cd15602    1 VCLFCGRGNNEDKLLLCDGCDDSYHTFCLIPPLPDVPKGDWRCP 44

PHD finger 1 found in lysine-specific demethylase 5B (KDM5B); KDM5B (also termed Cancer/testis antigen 31 (CT31), Histone demethylase JARID1B, Jumonji/ARID domain-containing protein 1B (JARID1B), PLU-1, or retinoblastoma-binding protein 2 homolog 1 (RBP2-H1 or RBBP2H1A)) is a member of the JARID subfamily within the JmjC proteins. It has a restricted expression pattern in the testis, ovary, and transiently in the mammary gland of pregnant females and has been shown to be upregulated in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer, suggesting a potential role in tumorigenesis. KDM5B acts as a histone demethylase that catalyzes the removal of trimethylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me3), induced by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). It also mediates demethylation of H3K4me2 and H3K4me1. Moreover, KDM5B functions as a negative regulator of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and progenitor cell activity. KDM5B has also been shown to interact with the DNA binding transcription factors BF-1 and PAX9, as well as TIEG1/KLF10 (transforming growth factor-beta inducible early gene-1/Kruppel-like transcription factor 10), and possibly function as a transcriptional corepressor. KDM5B contains the catalytic JmjC domain, JmjN, the BRIGHT domain, which is an AT-rich interacting domain (ARID), and a Cys5HisCys2 zinc finger, as well as three plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 568974126 273 VCFTCNRSCRVAPLIQCDYCPLLFHMDCLEPPLTAMPLGRWMCP 316
Cdd:cd15603    1 VCLVCGSGNDEDRLLLCDGCDDSYHTFCLIPPLHDVPKGDWRCP 44

PHD finger 2 found in PHD finger protein 12 (PHF12), yeast Rco1, and similar proteins; PHF12, also termed PHD factor 1 (Pf1), is a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger-containing protein that bridges the transducin-like enhancer of split (TLE) corepressor to the mSin3A-histone deacetylase (HDAC)-complex, and further represses transcription at targeted genes. PHF12 also interacts with MRG15 (mortality factor-related genes on chromosome 15), a member of the mortality factor (MORF) family of proteins implicated in regulating cellular senescence. PHF12 contains two plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc fingers followed by a polybasic region. The PHD fingers function downstream of phosphoinositide signaling triggered by the interaction between polybasic regions and phosphoinositides. This subfamily also includes yeast transcriptional regulatory protein Rco1 and similar proteins. Rco1 is a component of the Rpd3S histone deacetylase complex that plays an important role at actively transcribed genes. Rco1 contains two PHD fingers, which are required for the methylation of histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36) nucleosome recognition by Rpd3S. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 568974126  68 LLCCDHCPAAFHLQCCNPPLSeEMLPPGEWMC 99
Cdd:cd15534   14 LIQCDYCPLLFHLDCLDPPLT-HPPATGRWMC 44

PHD finger 5 found in nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing (NSD) proteins; The nuclear receptor binding SET domain (NSD) protein is a family of three HMTases, NSD1, NSD2/MMSET/WHSC1, and NSD3/WHSC1L1, that are critical in maintaining chromatin integrity. Reducing NSD activity through specific lysine-HMTase inhibitors appears promising to help suppress cancer growth. NSD proteins have specific mono- and dimethylase activities for H3K36, and they play non-redundant roles during development. NSD1 plays a role in several pathologies, including but not limited to Sotos and Weaver syndromes, acute myeloid leukemia, breast cancer, neuroblastoma, and glioblastoma formation. NSD2 is involved in cancer cell proliferation, survival, and tumor growth, by mediating constitutive NF-kappaB signaling via the cytokine autocrine loop. NSD3 is amplified in human breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, translocation resulting in NUP98 fusion to NSD3 leads to the development of acute myeloid leukemia. NSD proteins contain a catalytic suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste and trithorax (SET) domain, two proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domains, five plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, and an NSD-specific Cys-His rich domain (Cys5HisCysHis). This model corresponds to the fifth PHD finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 568974126 273 VCFTCNRScrvAPLIQCDY--CPLLFHMDCLEppLTAMPLGRWMCPNH 318
Cdd:cd15568    1 ECFRCGDG---GDLVLCDFkgCPKVYHLSCLG--LEKPPGGKWICPWH 43

PHD finger 5 found in nuclear SET domain-containing protein 3 (NSD3); NSD3, also termed histone-lysine N-methyltransferase NSD3, or protein whistle, or WHSC1-like 1 isoform 9 with methyltransferase activity to lysine, or Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1-like protein 1 (WHSC1-like protein 1, or WHSC1L1), is a lysine methyltransferase encoded by gene NSD3, which is amplified in human breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, translocation resulting in NUP98 fusion to NSD3 leads to the development of acute myeloid leukemia. NSD3 contains a catalytic suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste and trithorax (SET) domain, two proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-prolin motif (PWWP) domains, five plant-homeodomain (PHD) zinc fingers, and an NSD-specific Cys-His rich domain (Cys5HisCysHis). The SET domain is responsible for histone methyltransferase activity. The PWWP and PHD fingers are involved in protein-protein interactions. This model corresponds to the fifth PHD finger.

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gi 568974126  59 CDSCKEGGDLLCCDH--CPAAFHLQCCNppLSEEmlPPGEWMC 99
Cdd:cd15661    2 CFQCGDGGELVMCDKkdCPKAYHLLCLN--LTQP--PYGKWEC 40

PHD finger found in ubiquitin-like PHD and RING finger domain-containing protein UHRF1 and UHRF2; UHRF1 is a unique chromatin effector protein that integrates the recognition of both histone PTMs and DNA methylation. It is essential for cell proliferation and plays a critical role in the development and progression of many human carcinomas, such as laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), gastric cancer (GC), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer. UHRF1 acts as a transcriptional repressor through its binding to histone H3 when it is unmodified at Arg2. Its overexpression in human lung fibroblasts results in downregulation of expression of the tumour suppressor pRB. It also plays a role in transcriptional repression of the cell cycle regulator p21. Moreover, UHRF1-dependent repression of transcription factors can facilitate the G1-S transition. It interacts with Tat-interacting protein of 60 kDa (TIP60) and induces degradation-independent ubiquitination of TIP60. It is also an N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG)-interacting protein that binds MPG in a p53 status-independent manner in the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway. In addition, UHRF1 functions as an epigenetic regulator that is important for multiple aspects of epigenetic regulation, including maintenance of DNA methylation patterns and recognition of various histone modifications. UHRF2 was originally identified as a ubiquitin ligase acting as a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase that enhances zinc finger protein 131 (ZNF131) SUMOylation but does not enhance ZNF131 ubiquitination. It also ubiquitinates PCNP, a PEST-containing nuclear protein. Moreover, UHRF2 functions as a nuclear protein involved in cell-cycle regulation and has been implicated in tumorigenesis. It interacts with cyclins, CDKs, p53, pRB, PCNA, HDAC1, DNMTs, G9a, methylated histone H3 lysine 9, and methylated DNA. It interacts with the cyclin E-CDK2 complex, ubiquitinates cyclins D1 and E1, induces G1 arrest, and is involved in the G1/S transition regulation. Furthermore, UHRF2 is a direct transcriptional target of the transcription factor E2F-1 in the induction of apoptosis. It recruits HDAC1 and binds to methyl-CpG. UHRF2 also participates in the maturation of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) by interacting with the HBV core protein and promoting its degradation. Both UHRF1 and UHRF2 contain an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain (UBL), a tandem Tudor domain (TTD), a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a SET- and RING-associated (SRA) domain, and a C-terminal RING finger.

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gi 568974126  68 LLCCDHCPAAFHLQCCNPPLSEemLP-PGEWMCHRC 102
Cdd:cd15525   14 QLLCDECDMAYHLYCLDPPLTS--LPdDDEWYCPDC 47

PHD finger 1 found in lysine-specific demethylase 5B (KDM5B); KDM5B (also termed Cancer/testis antigen 31 (CT31), Histone demethylase JARID1B, Jumonji/ARID domain-containing protein 1B (JARID1B), PLU-1, or retinoblastoma-binding protein 2 homolog 1 (RBP2-H1 or RBBP2H1A)) is a member of the JARID subfamily within the JmjC proteins. It has a restricted expression pattern in the testis, ovary, and transiently in the mammary gland of pregnant females and has been shown to be upregulated in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer, suggesting a potential role in tumorigenesis. KDM5B acts as a histone demethylase that catalyzes the removal of trimethylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me3), induced by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). It also mediates demethylation of H3K4me2 and H3K4me1. Moreover, KDM5B functions as a negative regulator of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and progenitor cell activity. KDM5B has also been shown to interact with the DNA binding transcription factors BF-1 and PAX9, as well as TIEG1/KLF10 (transforming growth factor-beta inducible early gene-1/Kruppel-like transcription factor 10), and possibly function as a transcriptional corepressor. KDM5B contains the catalytic JmjC domain, JmjN, the BRIGHT domain, which is an AT-rich interacting domain (ARID), and a Cys5HisCys2 zinc finger, as well as three plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

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gi 568974126  59 CDSCKEGGD---LLCCDHCPAAFHLQCCNPPLSEemLPPGEWMCHRC 102
Cdd:cd15603    2 CLVCGSGNDedrLLLCDGCDDSYHTFCLIPPLHD--VPKGDWRCPKC 46

PHD finger found in ubiquitin-like PHD and RING finger domain-containing protein UHRF1 and UHRF2; UHRF1 is a unique chromatin effector protein that integrates the recognition of both histone PTMs and DNA methylation. It is essential for cell proliferation and plays a critical role in the development and progression of many human carcinomas, such as laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), gastric cancer (GC), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer. UHRF1 acts as a transcriptional repressor through its binding to histone H3 when it is unmodified at Arg2. Its overexpression in human lung fibroblasts results in downregulation of expression of the tumour suppressor pRB. It also plays a role in transcriptional repression of the cell cycle regulator p21. Moreover, UHRF1-dependent repression of transcription factors can facilitate the G1-S transition. It interacts with Tat-interacting protein of 60 kDa (TIP60) and induces degradation-independent ubiquitination of TIP60. It is also an N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG)-interacting protein that binds MPG in a p53 status-independent manner in the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway. In addition, UHRF1 functions as an epigenetic regulator that is important for multiple aspects of epigenetic regulation, including maintenance of DNA methylation patterns and recognition of various histone modifications. UHRF2 was originally identified as a ubiquitin ligase acting as a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase that enhances zinc finger protein 131 (ZNF131) SUMOylation but does not enhance ZNF131 ubiquitination. It also ubiquitinates PCNP, a PEST-containing nuclear protein. Moreover, UHRF2 functions as a nuclear protein involved in cell-cycle regulation and has been implicated in tumorigenesis. It interacts with cyclins, CDKs, p53, pRB, PCNA, HDAC1, DNMTs, G9a, methylated histone H3 lysine 9, and methylated DNA. It interacts with the cyclin E-CDK2 complex, ubiquitinates cyclins D1 and E1, induces G1 arrest, and is involved in the G1/S transition regulation. Furthermore, UHRF2 is a direct transcriptional target of the transcription factor E2F-1 in the induction of apoptosis. It recruits HDAC1 and binds to methyl-CpG. UHRF2 also participates in the maturation of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) by interacting with the HBV core protein and promoting its degradation. Both UHRF1 and UHRF2 contain an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain (UBL), a tandem Tudor domain (TTD), a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a SET- and RING-associated (SRA) domain, and a C-terminal RING finger.

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gi 568974126 286 LIQCDYCPLLFHMDCLEPPLTAMP-LGRWMCP 316
Cdd:cd15525   14 QLLCDECDMAYHLYCLDPPLTSLPdDDEWYCP 45