inactive carboxypeptidase-like protein X2 isoform X1 [Mus musculus]
Protein Classification
carboxypeptidase N/E family protein( domain architecture ID 10044240)
carboxypeptidase N/E family protein may be an M14 family zinc carboxypeptidase that relies on its substrate specificity and subcellular compartmentalization to prevent inappropriate cleavages that would otherwise damage the cell; it contains an extra C-terminal domain which may assist in folding of the carboxypeptidase domain, regulate enzyme activity, or be involved in interactions with other proteins or with membranes, or may be inactive; similar to human adipocyte enhancer-binding protein 1
List of domain hits
| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | ||||||
| Peptidase_M14_like super family | cl11393 | M14 family of metallocarboxypeptidases and related proteins; The M14 family of ... |
326-587 | 0e+00 | ||||||
M14 family of metallocarboxypeptidases and related proteins; The M14 family of metallocarboxypeptidases (MCPs), also known as funnelins, are zinc-binding carboxypeptidases (CPs) which hydrolyze single, C-terminal amino acids from polypeptide chains, and have a recognition site for the free C-terminal carboxyl group, which is a key determinant of specificity. Two major subfamilies of the M14 family, defined based on sequence and structural homology, are the A/B and N/E subfamilies. Enzymes belonging to the A/B subfamily are normally synthesized as inactive precursors containing preceding signal peptide, followed by an N-terminal pro-region linked to the enzyme; these proenzymes are called procarboxypeptidases. The A/B enzymes can be further divided based on their substrate specificity; Carboxypeptidase A-like (CPA-like) enzymes favor hydrophobic residues while carboxypeptidase B-like (CPB-like) enzymes only cleave the basic residues lysine or arginine. The A forms have slightly different specificities, with Carboxypeptidase A1 (CPA1) preferring aliphatic and small aromatic residues, and CPA2 preferring the bulky aromatic side chains. Enzymes belonging to the N/E subfamily enzymes are not produced as inactive precursors and instead rely on their substrate specificity and subcellular compartmentalization to prevent inappropriate cleavage. They contain an extra C-terminal transthyretin-like domain, thought to be involved in folding or formation of oligomers. MCPs can also be classified based on their involvement in specific physiological processes; the pancreatic MCPs participate only in alimentary digestion and include carboxypeptidase A and B (A/B subfamily), while others, namely regulatory MCPs or the N/E subfamily, are involved in more selective reactions, mainly in non-digestive tissues and fluids, acting on blood coagulation/fibrinolysis, inflammation and local anaphylaxis, pro-hormone and neuropeptide processing, cellular response and others. Another MCP subfamily, is that of succinylglutamate desuccinylase /aspartoacylase, which hydrolyzes N-acetyl-L-aspartate (NAA), and deficiency in which is the established cause of Canavan disease. Another subfamily (referred to as subfamily C) includes an exceptional type of activity in the MCP family, that of dipeptidyl-peptidase activity of gamma-glutamyl-(L)-meso-diaminopimelate peptidase I which is involved in bacterial cell wall metabolism. The actual alignment was detected with superfamily member cd03869: Pssm-ID: 472171 Cd Length: 322 Bit Score: 533.25 E-value: 0e+00
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| FA58C | cd00057 | Coagulation factor 5/8 C-terminal domain, discoidin domain; Cell surface-attached ... |
145-300 | 5.95e-60 | ||||||
Coagulation factor 5/8 C-terminal domain, discoidin domain; Cell surface-attached carbohydrate-binding domain, present in eukaryotes and assumed to have horizontally transferred to eubacterial genomes. : Pssm-ID: 238014 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 143 Bit Score: 197.96 E-value: 5.95e-60
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| Peptidase_M14NE-CP-C_like | cd11308 | Peptidase associated domain: C-terminal domain of M14 N/E carboxypeptidase; putative folding, ... |
591-666 | 1.30e-37 | ||||||
Peptidase associated domain: C-terminal domain of M14 N/E carboxypeptidase; putative folding, regulation, or interaction domain; This domain is found C-terminal to the M14 carboxypeptidase (CP) N/E subfamily containing zinc-binding enzymes that hydrolyze single C-terminal amino acids from polypeptide chains, and have a recognition site for the free C-terminal carboxyl group, which is a key determinant of specificity. The N/E subfamily includes enzymatically active members (carboxypeptidase N, E, M, D, and Z), as well as non-active members (carboxypeptidase-like protein 1, -2, aortic CP-like protein, and adipocyte enhancer binding protein-1) which lack the critical active site and substrate-binding residues considered necessary for activity. The active N/E enzymes fulfill a variety of cellular functions, including prohormone processing, regulation of peptide hormone activity, alteration of protein-protein or protein-cell interactions and transcriptional regulation. For M14 CPs, it has been suggested that this domain may assist in folding of the CP domain, regulate enzyme activity, or be involved in interactions with other proteins or with membranes; for carboxypeptidase M, it may interact with the bradykinin 1 receptor at the cell surface. This domain may also be found in other peptidase families. : Pssm-ID: 200604 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 76 Bit Score: 134.57 E-value: 1.30e-37
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| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | ||||||
| M14_CPX_like | cd03869 | Peptidase M14 carboxypeptidase subfamily N/E-like; Carboxypeptidase X subgroup; Peptidase ... |
326-587 | 0e+00 | ||||||
Peptidase M14 carboxypeptidase subfamily N/E-like; Carboxypeptidase X subgroup; Peptidase M14-like domain of carboxypeptidase (CP)-like protein X (CPX), CPX forms a distinct subgroup of the N/E subfamily of the M14 family of metallocarboxypeptidases (MCPs). The M14 family are zinc-binding CPs which hydrolyze single, C-terminal amino acids from polypeptide chains, and have a recognition site for the free C-terminal carboxyl group, which is a key determinant of specificity. Proteins belonging to this subgroup include CP-like protein X1 (CPX1), CP-like protein X2 (CPX2), and aortic CP-like protein (ACLP) and its isoform adipocyte enhancer binding protein-1 (AEBP1). AEBP1 is a truncated form of ACLP, which may arise from alternative splicing of the gene. These proteins are inactive towards standard CP substrates because they lack one or more critical active site and substrate-binding residues that are necessary for activity. They may function as binding proteins rather than as active CPs or display catalytic activity toward other substrates. Proteins in this subgroup also contain an N-terminal discoidin domain. The CP domain is important for the function of AEBP1 as a transcriptional repressor. AEBP1 is involved in several biological processes including adipogenesis, macrophage cholesterol homeostasis, and inflammation. In macrophages, AEBP1 promotes the expression of IL-6, TNF-alpha, MCP-1, and iNOS whose expression is tightly regulated by NF-kappaB activity. ACLP, a secreted protein that associates with the extracellular matrix, is essential for abdominal wall development and contributes to dermal wound healing. Pssm-ID: 349441 Cd Length: 322 Bit Score: 533.25 E-value: 0e+00
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| Peptidase_M14 | pfam00246 | Zinc carboxypeptidase; |
332-580 | 2.11e-64 | ||||||
Zinc carboxypeptidase; Pssm-ID: 459730 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 287 Bit Score: 215.24 E-value: 2.11e-64
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| FA58C | cd00057 | Coagulation factor 5/8 C-terminal domain, discoidin domain; Cell surface-attached ... |
145-300 | 5.95e-60 | ||||||
Coagulation factor 5/8 C-terminal domain, discoidin domain; Cell surface-attached carbohydrate-binding domain, present in eukaryotes and assumed to have horizontally transferred to eubacterial genomes. Pssm-ID: 238014 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 143 Bit Score: 197.96 E-value: 5.95e-60
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| Zn_pept | smart00631 | Zn_pept domain; |
326-571 | 1.15e-48 | ||||||
Zn_pept domain; Pssm-ID: 214748 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 277 Bit Score: 172.52 E-value: 1.15e-48
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| FA58C | smart00231 | Coagulation factor 5/8 C-terminal domain, discoidin domain; Cell surface-attached ... |
146-301 | 5.14e-41 | ||||||
Coagulation factor 5/8 C-terminal domain, discoidin domain; Cell surface-attached carbohydrate-binding domain, present in eukaryotes and assumed to have horizontally transferred to eubacterial genomes. Pssm-ID: 214572 Cd Length: 139 Bit Score: 146.50 E-value: 5.14e-41
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| Peptidase_M14NE-CP-C_like | cd11308 | Peptidase associated domain: C-terminal domain of M14 N/E carboxypeptidase; putative folding, ... |
591-666 | 1.30e-37 | ||||||
Peptidase associated domain: C-terminal domain of M14 N/E carboxypeptidase; putative folding, regulation, or interaction domain; This domain is found C-terminal to the M14 carboxypeptidase (CP) N/E subfamily containing zinc-binding enzymes that hydrolyze single C-terminal amino acids from polypeptide chains, and have a recognition site for the free C-terminal carboxyl group, which is a key determinant of specificity. The N/E subfamily includes enzymatically active members (carboxypeptidase N, E, M, D, and Z), as well as non-active members (carboxypeptidase-like protein 1, -2, aortic CP-like protein, and adipocyte enhancer binding protein-1) which lack the critical active site and substrate-binding residues considered necessary for activity. The active N/E enzymes fulfill a variety of cellular functions, including prohormone processing, regulation of peptide hormone activity, alteration of protein-protein or protein-cell interactions and transcriptional regulation. For M14 CPs, it has been suggested that this domain may assist in folding of the CP domain, regulate enzyme activity, or be involved in interactions with other proteins or with membranes; for carboxypeptidase M, it may interact with the bradykinin 1 receptor at the cell surface. This domain may also be found in other peptidase families. Pssm-ID: 200604 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 76 Bit Score: 134.57 E-value: 1.30e-37
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| F5_F8_type_C | pfam00754 | F5/8 type C domain; This domain is also known as the discoidin (DS) domain family. |
188-298 | 4.21e-33 | ||||||
F5/8 type C domain; This domain is also known as the discoidin (DS) domain family. Pssm-ID: 459925 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 127 Bit Score: 123.71 E-value: 4.21e-33
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| MpaA | COG2866 | Murein tripeptide amidase MpaA [Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis]; |
327-498 | 4.98e-19 | ||||||
Murein tripeptide amidase MpaA [Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis]; Pssm-ID: 442113 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 337 Bit Score: 88.98 E-value: 4.98e-19
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| CarboxypepD_reg | pfam13620 | Carboxypeptidase regulatory-like domain; |
591-666 | 4.48e-13 | ||||||
Carboxypeptidase regulatory-like domain; Pssm-ID: 433354 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 81 Bit Score: 64.99 E-value: 4.48e-13
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| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | ||||||
| M14_CPX_like | cd03869 | Peptidase M14 carboxypeptidase subfamily N/E-like; Carboxypeptidase X subgroup; Peptidase ... |
326-587 | 0e+00 | ||||||
Peptidase M14 carboxypeptidase subfamily N/E-like; Carboxypeptidase X subgroup; Peptidase M14-like domain of carboxypeptidase (CP)-like protein X (CPX), CPX forms a distinct subgroup of the N/E subfamily of the M14 family of metallocarboxypeptidases (MCPs). The M14 family are zinc-binding CPs which hydrolyze single, C-terminal amino acids from polypeptide chains, and have a recognition site for the free C-terminal carboxyl group, which is a key determinant of specificity. Proteins belonging to this subgroup include CP-like protein X1 (CPX1), CP-like protein X2 (CPX2), and aortic CP-like protein (ACLP) and its isoform adipocyte enhancer binding protein-1 (AEBP1). AEBP1 is a truncated form of ACLP, which may arise from alternative splicing of the gene. These proteins are inactive towards standard CP substrates because they lack one or more critical active site and substrate-binding residues that are necessary for activity. They may function as binding proteins rather than as active CPs or display catalytic activity toward other substrates. Proteins in this subgroup also contain an N-terminal discoidin domain. The CP domain is important for the function of AEBP1 as a transcriptional repressor. AEBP1 is involved in several biological processes including adipogenesis, macrophage cholesterol homeostasis, and inflammation. In macrophages, AEBP1 promotes the expression of IL-6, TNF-alpha, MCP-1, and iNOS whose expression is tightly regulated by NF-kappaB activity. ACLP, a secreted protein that associates with the extracellular matrix, is essential for abdominal wall development and contributes to dermal wound healing. Pssm-ID: 349441 Cd Length: 322 Bit Score: 533.25 E-value: 0e+00
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| M14_CP_N-E_like | cd03858 | Peptidase M14 carboxypeptidase subfamily N/E-like; Carboxypeptidase (CP) N/E-like subfamily of ... |
326-587 | 3.01e-142 | ||||||
Peptidase M14 carboxypeptidase subfamily N/E-like; Carboxypeptidase (CP) N/E-like subfamily of the M14 family of metallocarboxypeptidases (MCPs). The M14 family are zinc-binding CPs which hydrolyze single, C-terminal amino acids from polypeptide chains, and have a recognition site for the free C-terminal carboxyl group, which is a key determinant of specificity. The N/E subfamily includes eight members, of which five (CPN, CPE, CPM, CPD, CPZ) are considered enzymatically active, while the other three are non-active (CPX1, PCX2, ACLP/AEBP1) and lack the critical active site and substrate-binding residues considered necessary for CP activity. These non-active members may function as binding proteins or display catalytic activity towards other substrates. Unlike the A/B CP subfamily, enzymes belonging to the N/E subfamily are not produced as inactive precursors that require proteolysis to produce the active form; rather, they rely on their substrate specificity and subcellular compartmentalization to prevent inappropriate cleavages that would otherwise damage the cell. In addition, all members of the N/E subfamily contain an extra C-terminal domain that is not present in the A/B subfamily. This domain has structural homology to transthyretin and other proteins and has been proposed to function as a folding domain. The active N/E enzymes fulfill a variety of cellular functions, including prohormone processing, regulation of peptide hormone activity, alteration of protein-protein or protein-cell interactions and transcriptional regulation. Pssm-ID: 349431 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 292 Bit Score: 417.44 E-value: 3.01e-142
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| M14_CPZ | cd03867 | Peptidase M14 carboxypeptidase subfamily N/E-like; Carboxypeptidase Z subgroup; Peptidase ... |
326-586 | 2.89e-89 | ||||||
Peptidase M14 carboxypeptidase subfamily N/E-like; Carboxypeptidase Z subgroup; Peptidase M14-like domain of carboxypeptidase (CP) Z (CPZ), CPZ belongs to the N/E subfamily of the M14 family of metallocarboxypeptidases (MCPs). The M14 family are zinc-binding CPs which hydrolyze single, C-terminal amino acids from polypeptide chains, and have a recognition site for the free C-terminal carboxyl group, which is a key determinant of specificity. CPZ is a secreted Zn-dependent enzyme whose biological function is largely unknown. Unlike other members of the N/E subfamily, CPZ has a bipartite structure, which consists of an N-terminal cysteine-rich domain (CRD) whose sequence is similar to Wnt-binding proteins, and a C-terminal CP catalytic domain that removes C-terminal Arg residues from substrates. CPZ is enriched in the extracellular matrix and is widely distributed during early embryogenesis. That the CRD of CPZ can bind to Wnt4 suggests that CPZ plays a role in Wnt signaling. Pssm-ID: 349439 Cd Length: 315 Bit Score: 281.77 E-value: 2.89e-89
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| M14_CPE | cd03865 | Peptidase M14 carboxypeptidase subfamily N/E-like; Carboxypeptidase E subgroup; Peptidase M14 ... |
326-587 | 4.91e-88 | ||||||
Peptidase M14 carboxypeptidase subfamily N/E-like; Carboxypeptidase E subgroup; Peptidase M14 Carboxypeptidase (CP) E (CPE, also known as carboxypeptidase H, and enkephalin convertase; EC 3.4.17.10) belongs to the N/E subfamily of the M14 family of metallocarboxypeptidases (MCPs).The M14 family are zinc-binding CPs which hydrolyze single, C-terminal amino acids from polypeptide chains, and have a recognition site for the free C-terminal carboxyl group, which is a key determinant of specificity. CPE is an important enzyme responsible for the proteolytic processing of prohormone intermediates (such as pro-insulin, pro-opiomelanocortin, or pro-gonadotropin-releasing hormone) by specifically removing C-terminal basic residues. In addition, it has been proposed that the regulated secretory pathway (RSP) of the nervous and endocrine systems utilizes membrane-bound CPE as a sorting receptor. A naturally occurring point mutation in CPE reduces the stability of the enzyme and causes its degradation, leading to an accumulation of numerous neuroendocrine peptides that result in obesity and hyperglycemia. Reduced CPE enzyme and receptor activity could underlie abnormal placental phenotypes from the observation that CPE is down-regulated in enlarged placentas of interspecific hybrid (interspecies hybrid placental dysplasia, IHPD) and cloned mice. Pssm-ID: 349437 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 319 Bit Score: 278.79 E-value: 4.91e-88
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| M14_CPD_I | cd03868 | Peptidase M14 carboxypeptidase subfamily N/E-like; Carboxypeptidase D, domain I subgroup; The ... |
327-587 | 6.90e-88 | ||||||
Peptidase M14 carboxypeptidase subfamily N/E-like; Carboxypeptidase D, domain I subgroup; The first carboxypeptidase (CP)-like domain of Carboxypeptidase D (CPD; EC 3.4.17.22), domain I. CPD differs from all other metallocarboxypeptidases in that it contains multiple CP-like domains. CPD belongs to the N/E-like subfamily of the M14 family of metallocarboxypeptidases (MCPs).The M14 family are zinc-binding CPs which hydrolyze single, C-terminal amino acids from polypeptide chains, and have a recognition site for the free C-terminal carboxyl group, which is a key determinant of specificity. CPD is a single-chain protein containing a signal peptide, three tandem repeats of CP-like domains separated by short bridge regions, followed by a transmembrane domain, and a C-terminal cytosolic tail. The first two CP-like domains of CPD contain all of the essential active site and substrate-binding residues, the third CP-like domain lacks critical residues necessary for enzymatic activity and is inactive towards standard CP substrates. Domain I is optimally active at pH 6.3-7.5 and prefers substrates with C-terminal Arg, whereas domain II is active at pH 5.0-6.5 and prefers substrates with C-terminal Lys. This Domain I family contains two contiguous surface cysteines that may become palmitoylated and target the enzyme to membranes, thus regulating intracellular trafficking. CPD functions in the processing of proteins that transit the secretory pathway, and is present in all vertebrates as well as Drosophila. It is broadly distributed in all tissue types. Within cells, CPD is present in the trans Golgi network and immature secretory vesicles, but is excluded from mature vesicles. It is thought to play a role in the processing of proteins that are initially processed by furin or related endopeptidases present in the trans Golgi network, such as growth factors and receptors. CPD is implicated in the pathogenesis of lupus erythematosus (LE), it is regulated by TGF-beta in various cell types of murine and human origin and is significantly down-regulated in CD14 positive cells isolated from patients with LE. As down-regulation of CPD leads to down-modulation of TGF-beta, CPD may have a role in a positive feedback loop. In D. melanogaster, the CPD variant 1B short (DmCPD1Bs) is necessary and sufficient for viability of the fruit fly. Pssm-ID: 349440 Cd Length: 294 Bit Score: 277.20 E-value: 6.90e-88
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| M14_CPN | cd03864 | Peptidase M14 carboxypeptidase subfamily N/E-like; Carboxypeptidase N subgroup; Peptidase M14 ... |
326-587 | 4.57e-87 | ||||||
Peptidase M14 carboxypeptidase subfamily N/E-like; Carboxypeptidase N subgroup; Peptidase M14 Carboxypeptidase N (CPN, also known as kininase I, creatine kinase conversion factor, plasma carboxypeptidase B, arginine carboxypeptidase, and protaminase; EC 3.4.17.3) is an extracellular glycoprotein synthesized in the liver and released into the blood, where it is present in high concentrations. CPN belongs to the N/E subfamily of the M14 family of metallocarboxypeptidases (MCPs).The M14 family are zinc-binding carboxypeptidases (CPs) which hydrolyze single, C-terminal amino acids from polypeptide chains, and have a recognition site for the free C-terminal carboxyl group, which is a key determinant of specificity. CPN plays an important role in protecting the body from excessive buildup of potentially deleterious peptides that normally act as local autocrine or paracrine hormones. It specifically removes C-terminal basic residues. As CPN can cleave lysine more avidly than arginine residues it is also called lysine carboxypeptidase. CPN substrates include peptides found in the bloodstream, such as kinins (e.g. bradykinin, kalinin, met-lys-bradykinin), complement anaphylatoxins and creatine kinase MM (CK-MM). By removing just one amino acid, CPN can alter peptide activity and receptor binding. For example Bradykinin, a nine-residue peptide released from kiningen in response to tissue injury which is inactivated by CPN, anaphylatoxins which are regulated by CPN by the cleaving and removal of their C-terminal arginines resulting in a reduction in their biological activities of 10-100-fold, and creatine kinase MM, a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to creatine, and is regulated by CPN by the cleavage of C-terminal lysines. Like the other N/E subfamily members, two surface loops surrounding the active-site groove restrict access to the catalytic center, thus restricting larger protein carboxypeptidase inhibitors from inhibiting CPN. Pssm-ID: 349436 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 313 Bit Score: 276.04 E-value: 4.57e-87
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| M14_CPD_II | cd03863 | Peptidase M14 carboxypeptidase subfamily N/E-like; Carboxypeptidase D, domain II subgroup; The ... |
323-587 | 5.57e-84 | ||||||
Peptidase M14 carboxypeptidase subfamily N/E-like; Carboxypeptidase D, domain II subgroup; The second carboxypeptidase (CP)-like domain of Carboxypeptidase D (CPD; EC 3.4.17.22), domain II. CPD differs from all other metallocarboxypeptidases in that it contains multiple CP-like domains. CPD belongs to the N/E-like subfamily of the M14 family of metallocarboxypeptidases (MCPs).The M14 family are zinc-binding CPs which hydrolyze single, C-terminal amino acids from polypeptide chains, and have a recognition site for the free C-terminal carboxyl group, which is a key determinant of specificity. CPD is a single-chain protein containing a signal peptide, three tandem repeats of CP-like domains separated by short bridge regions, followed by a transmembrane domain, and a C-terminal cytosolic tail. The first two CP-like domains of CPD contain all of the essential active site and substrate-binding residues, while the third CP-like domain lacks critical residues necessary for enzymatic activity and is inactive towards standard CP substrates. Domain I is optimally active at pH 6.3-7.5 and prefers substrates with C-terminal Arg, whereas domain II is active at pH 5.0-6.5 and prefers substrates with C-terminal Lys. CPD functions in the processing of proteins that transit the secretory pathway, and is present in all vertebrates as well as Drosophila. It is broadly distributed in all tissue types. Within cells, CPD is present in the trans-Golgi network and immature secretory vesicles, but is excluded from mature vesicles. It is thought to play a role in the processing of proteins that are initially processed by furin or related endopeptidases present in the trans-Golgi network, such as growth factors and receptors. CPD is implicated in the pathogenesis of lupus erythematosus (LE), it is regulated by TGF-beta in various cell types of murine and human origin and is significantly down-regulated in CD14 positive cells isolated from patients with LE. As down -regulation of CPD leads to down-modulation of TGF-beta, CPD may have a role in a positive feedback loop. Pssm-ID: 349435 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 296 Bit Score: 267.20 E-value: 5.57e-84
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| M14_CPM | cd03866 | Peptidase M14 carboxypeptidase subfamily N/E-like; Carboxypeptidase M subgroup; Peptidase M14 ... |
326-587 | 2.18e-67 | ||||||
Peptidase M14 carboxypeptidase subfamily N/E-like; Carboxypeptidase M subgroup; Peptidase M14 Carboxypeptidase (CP) M (CPM) belongs to the N/E subfamily of the M14 family of metallocarboxypeptidases (MCPs).The M14 family are zinc-binding CPs which hydrolyze single, C-terminal amino acids from polypeptide chains, and have a recognition site for the free C-terminal carboxyl group, which is a key determinant of specificity. CPM is an extracellular glycoprotein, bound to cell membranes via a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol on the C-terminus of the protein. It specifically removes C-terminal basic residues such as lysine and arginine from peptides and proteins. The highest levels of CPM have been found in human lung and placenta, but significant amounts are present in kidney, blood vessels, intestine, brain, and peripheral nerves. CPM has also been found in soluble form in various body fluids, including amniotic fluid, seminal plasma and urine. Due to its wide distribution in a variety of tissues, it is believed that it plays an important role in the control of peptide hormones and growth factor activity on the cell surface and in the membrane-localized degradation of extracellular proteins, for example it hydrolyses the C-terminal arginine of epidermal growth factor (EGF) resulting in des-Arg-EGF which binds to the EGF receptor (EGFR) with an equal or greater affinity than native EGF. CPM is a required processing enzyme that generates specific agonists for the B1 receptor. Pssm-ID: 349438 Cd Length: 289 Bit Score: 223.13 E-value: 2.18e-67
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| Peptidase_M14 | pfam00246 | Zinc carboxypeptidase; |
332-580 | 2.11e-64 | ||||||
Zinc carboxypeptidase; Pssm-ID: 459730 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 287 Bit Score: 215.24 E-value: 2.11e-64
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| M14_CPD_III | cd06245 | Peptidase M14 carboxypeptidase subfamily N/E-like; Carboxypeptidase D, domain III subgroup; ... |
326-587 | 6.86e-63 | ||||||
Peptidase M14 carboxypeptidase subfamily N/E-like; Carboxypeptidase D, domain III subgroup; The third carboxypeptidase (CP)-like domain of Carboxypeptidase D (CPD; EC 3.4.17.22), domain III. CPD differs from all other metallocarboxypeptidases in that it contains multiple CP-like domains. CPD belongs to the N/E-like subfamily of the M14 family of metallocarboxypeptidases (MCPs).The M14 family are zinc-binding CPs which hydrolyze single, C-terminal amino acids from polypeptide chains, and have a recognition site for the free C-terminal carboxyl group, which is a key determinant of specificity. CPD is a single-chain protein containing a signal peptide, three tandem repeats of CP-like domains separated by short bridge regions, followed by a transmembrane domain, and a C-terminal cytosolic tail. The first two CP-like domains of CPD contain all of the essential active site and substrate-binding residues, the third CP-like domain lacks critical residues necessary for enzymatic activity and is inactive towards standard CP substrates. Domain I is optimally active at pH 6.3-7.5 and prefers substrates with C-terminal Arg, whereas domain II is active at pH 5.0-6.5 and prefers substrates with C-terminal Lys. CPD functions in the processing of proteins that transit the secretory pathway, and is present in all vertebrates as well as Drosophila. It is broadly distributed in all tissue types. Within cells, CPD is present in the trans-Golgi network and immature secretory vesicles, but is excluded from mature vesicles. It is thought to play a role in the processing of proteins that are initially processed by furin or related endopeptidases present in the trans-Golgi network, such as growth factors and receptors. CPD is implicated in the pathogenesis of lupus erythematosus (LE), it is regulated by TGF-beta in various cell types of murine and human origin and is significantly down-regulated in CD14 positive cells isolated from patients with LE. As down -regulation of CPD leads to down-modulation of TGF-beta, CPD may have a role in a positive feedback loop. Pssm-ID: 349464 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 283 Bit Score: 211.15 E-value: 6.86e-63
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| FA58C | cd00057 | Coagulation factor 5/8 C-terminal domain, discoidin domain; Cell surface-attached ... |
145-300 | 5.95e-60 | ||||||
Coagulation factor 5/8 C-terminal domain, discoidin domain; Cell surface-attached carbohydrate-binding domain, present in eukaryotes and assumed to have horizontally transferred to eubacterial genomes. Pssm-ID: 238014 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 143 Bit Score: 197.96 E-value: 5.95e-60
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| M14_CP_plant | cd18172 | Zinc carboxypeptidase, including SOL1, a carboxypeptidase D in plant; This family includes ... |
326-582 | 9.43e-57 | ||||||
Zinc carboxypeptidase, including SOL1, a carboxypeptidase D in plant; This family includes only plant members of the carboxypeptidase (CP) N/E-like subfamily of the M14 family of metallocarboxypeptidases (MCPs). It includes Arabidopsis thaliana SOL1 carboxypeptidase D which is known to possess enzymatic activity to remove the C-terminal arginine residue of CLE19 proprotein in vitro, and SOL1-dependent cleavage of the C-terminal arginine residue is necessary for CLE19 activity in vivo. The M14 family are zinc-binding CPs which hydrolyze single, C-terminal amino acids from polypeptide chains, and have a recognition site for the free C-terminal carboxyl group, which is a key determinant of specificity. The N/E subfamily includes eight members, of which five (CPN, CPE, CPM, CPD, CPZ) are considered enzymatically active, while the other three are non-active (CPX1, PCX2, ACLP/AEBP1) and lack the critical active site and substrate-binding residues considered necessary for CP activity. These non-active members may function as binding proteins or display catalytic activity towards other substrates. Unlike the A/B CP subfamily, enzymes belonging to the N/E subfamily are not produced as inactive precursors that require proteolysis to produce the active form; rather, they rely on their substrate specificity and subcellular compartmentalization to prevent inappropriate cleavages that would otherwise damage the cell. In addition, all members of the N/E subfamily contain an extra C-terminal domain that is not present in the A/B subfamily. This domain has structural homology to transthyretin and other proteins and has been proposed to function as a folding domain. The active N/E enzymes fulfill a variety of cellular functions, including prohormone processing, regulation of peptide hormone activity, alteration of protein-protein or protein-cell interactions and transcriptional regulation. Pssm-ID: 349482 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 276 Bit Score: 194.17 E-value: 9.43e-57
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| M14_CP_bacteria | cd18173 | bacterial peptidase M14 carboxypeptidase, uncharacterized; This family contains only bacterial ... |
327-587 | 1.42e-56 | ||||||
bacterial peptidase M14 carboxypeptidase, uncharacterized; This family contains only bacterial carboxypeptidase (CP) members of the M14 family of metallocarboxypeptidases (MCPs), mostly of which have yet to be characterized. The M14 family are zinc-binding CPs which hydrolyze single, C-terminal amino acids from polypeptide chains, and have a recognition site for the free C-terminal carboxyl group, which is a key determinant of specificity. The N/E subfamily includes eight members, of which five (CPN, CPE, CPM, CPD, CPZ) are considered enzymatically active, while the other three are non-active (CPX1, PCX2, ACLP/AEBP1) and lack the critical active site and substrate-binding residues considered necessary for CP activity. These non-active members may function as binding proteins or display catalytic activity towards other substrates. Unlike the A/B CP subfamily, enzymes belonging to the N/E subfamily are not produced as inactive precursors that require proteolysis to produce the active form; rather, they rely on their substrate specificity and subcellular compartmentalization to prevent inappropriate cleavages that would otherwise damage the cell. In addition, all members of the N/E subfamily contain an extra C-terminal domain that is not present in the A/B subfamily. This domain has structural homology to transthyretin and other proteins and has been proposed to function as a folding domain. The active N/E enzymes fulfill a variety of cellular functions, including prohormone processing, regulation of peptide hormone activity, alteration of protein-protein or protein-cell interactions and transcriptional regulation. Pssm-ID: 349483 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 281 Bit Score: 193.95 E-value: 1.42e-56
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| Zn_pept | smart00631 | Zn_pept domain; |
326-571 | 1.15e-48 | ||||||
Zn_pept domain; Pssm-ID: 214748 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 277 Bit Score: 172.52 E-value: 1.15e-48
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| FA58C | smart00231 | Coagulation factor 5/8 C-terminal domain, discoidin domain; Cell surface-attached ... |
146-301 | 5.14e-41 | ||||||
Coagulation factor 5/8 C-terminal domain, discoidin domain; Cell surface-attached carbohydrate-binding domain, present in eukaryotes and assumed to have horizontally transferred to eubacterial genomes. Pssm-ID: 214572 Cd Length: 139 Bit Score: 146.50 E-value: 5.14e-41
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| Peptidase_M14NE-CP-C_like | cd11308 | Peptidase associated domain: C-terminal domain of M14 N/E carboxypeptidase; putative folding, ... |
591-666 | 1.30e-37 | ||||||
Peptidase associated domain: C-terminal domain of M14 N/E carboxypeptidase; putative folding, regulation, or interaction domain; This domain is found C-terminal to the M14 carboxypeptidase (CP) N/E subfamily containing zinc-binding enzymes that hydrolyze single C-terminal amino acids from polypeptide chains, and have a recognition site for the free C-terminal carboxyl group, which is a key determinant of specificity. The N/E subfamily includes enzymatically active members (carboxypeptidase N, E, M, D, and Z), as well as non-active members (carboxypeptidase-like protein 1, -2, aortic CP-like protein, and adipocyte enhancer binding protein-1) which lack the critical active site and substrate-binding residues considered necessary for activity. The active N/E enzymes fulfill a variety of cellular functions, including prohormone processing, regulation of peptide hormone activity, alteration of protein-protein or protein-cell interactions and transcriptional regulation. For M14 CPs, it has been suggested that this domain may assist in folding of the CP domain, regulate enzyme activity, or be involved in interactions with other proteins or with membranes; for carboxypeptidase M, it may interact with the bradykinin 1 receptor at the cell surface. This domain may also be found in other peptidase families. Pssm-ID: 200604 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 76 Bit Score: 134.57 E-value: 1.30e-37
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| F5_F8_type_C | pfam00754 | F5/8 type C domain; This domain is also known as the discoidin (DS) domain family. |
188-298 | 4.21e-33 | ||||||
F5/8 type C domain; This domain is also known as the discoidin (DS) domain family. Pssm-ID: 459925 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 127 Bit Score: 123.71 E-value: 4.21e-33
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| M14_CPT | cd03859 | Peptidase M14 Carboxypeptidase T subfamily; Peptidase M14-like domain of carboxypeptidase (CP) ... |
327-581 | 1.84e-22 | ||||||
Peptidase M14 Carboxypeptidase T subfamily; Peptidase M14-like domain of carboxypeptidase (CP) T (CPT), CPT belongs to the M14 family of metallocarboxypeptidases (MCPs). The M14 family are zinc-binding CPs which hydrolyze single, C-terminal amino acids from polypeptide chains, and have a recognition site for the free C-terminal carboxyl group, which is a key determinant of specificity. CPT has moderate similarity to CPA and CPB, and exhibits dual-substrate specificity by cleaving C-terminal hydrophobic amino acid residues like CPA and C-terminal positively charged residues like CPB. CPA and CPB are M14 family peptidases but do not belong to this CPT group. The substrate specificity difference between CPT and CPA and CPB is ascribed to a few amino acid substitutions at the substrate-binding pocket while the spatial organization of the binding site remains the same as in all Zn-CPs. CPT has increased thermal stability in presence of Ca2+ ions, and two disulfide bridges which give an additional stabilization factor. Pssm-ID: 349432 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 292 Bit Score: 98.10 E-value: 1.84e-22
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| MpaA | COG2866 | Murein tripeptide amidase MpaA [Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis]; |
327-498 | 4.98e-19 | ||||||
Murein tripeptide amidase MpaA [Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis]; Pssm-ID: 442113 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 337 Bit Score: 88.98 E-value: 4.98e-19
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| M14-like | cd06905 | Peptidase M14-like domain; uncharacterized subfamily; A functionally uncharacterized subgroup ... |
322-437 | 1.93e-17 | ||||||
Peptidase M14-like domain; uncharacterized subfamily; A functionally uncharacterized subgroup of the M14 family of metallocarboxypeptidases (MCPs). The M14 family are zinc-binding carboxypeptidases (CPs) which hydrolyze single, C-terminal amino acids from polypeptide chains, and have a recognition site for the free C-terminal carboxyl group, which is a key determinant of specificity. Two major subfamilies of the M14 family, defined based on sequence and structural homology, are the A/B and N/E subfamilies. Enzymes belonging to the A/B subfamily are normally synthesized as inactive precursors containing preceding signal peptide, followed by an N-terminal pro-region linked to the enzyme; these proenzymes are called procarboxypeptidases. The A/B enzymes can be further divided based on their substrate specificity; Carboxypeptidase A-like (CPA-like) enzymes favor hydrophobic residues while carboxypeptidase B-like (CPB-like) enzymes only cleave the basic residues lysine or arginine. The A forms have slightly different specificities, with Carboxypeptidase A1 (CPA1) preferring aliphatic and small aromatic residues, and CPA2 preferring the bulky aromatic side chains. Enzymes belonging to the N/E subfamily enzymes are not produced as inactive precursors and instead rely on their substrate specificity and subcellular compartmentalization to prevent inappropriate cleavages. They contain an extra C-terminal transthyretin-like domain, thought to be involved in folding or formation of oligomers. MCPs can also be classified based on their involvement in specific physiological processes; the pancreatic MCPs participate only in alimentary digestion and include carboxypeptidase A and B (A/B subfamily), while others, namely regulatory MCPs or the N/E subfamily, are involved in more selective reactions, mainly in non-digestive tissues and fluids, acting on blood coagulation/fibrinolysis, inflammation and local anaphylaxis, pro-hormone and neuropeptide processing, cellular response and others. Another MCP subfamily, is that of succinylglutamate desuccinylase /aspartoacylase, which hydrolyzes N-acetyl-L-aspartate (NAA), and deficiency in which is the established cause of Canavan disease. Another subfamily (referred to as subfamily C) includes an exceptional type of activity in the MCP family, that of dipeptidyl-peptidase activity of gamma-glutamyl-(L)-meso-diaminopimelate peptidase I which is involved in bacterial cell wall metabolism. Pssm-ID: 349476 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 359 Bit Score: 84.59 E-value: 1.93e-17
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| CarboxypepD_reg | pfam13620 | Carboxypeptidase regulatory-like domain; |
591-666 | 4.48e-13 | ||||||
Carboxypeptidase regulatory-like domain; Pssm-ID: 433354 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 81 Bit Score: 64.99 E-value: 4.48e-13
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| Peptidase_M14_like | cd00596 | M14 family of metallocarboxypeptidases and related proteins; The M14 family of ... |
380-581 | 9.06e-13 | ||||||
M14 family of metallocarboxypeptidases and related proteins; The M14 family of metallocarboxypeptidases (MCPs), also known as funnelins, are zinc-binding carboxypeptidases (CPs) which hydrolyze single, C-terminal amino acids from polypeptide chains, and have a recognition site for the free C-terminal carboxyl group, which is a key determinant of specificity. Two major subfamilies of the M14 family, defined based on sequence and structural homology, are the A/B and N/E subfamilies. Enzymes belonging to the A/B subfamily are normally synthesized as inactive precursors containing preceding signal peptide, followed by an N-terminal pro-region linked to the enzyme; these proenzymes are called procarboxypeptidases. The A/B enzymes can be further divided based on their substrate specificity; Carboxypeptidase A-like (CPA-like) enzymes favor hydrophobic residues while carboxypeptidase B-like (CPB-like) enzymes only cleave the basic residues lysine or arginine. The A forms have slightly different specificities, with Carboxypeptidase A1 (CPA1) preferring aliphatic and small aromatic residues, and CPA2 preferring the bulky aromatic side chains. Enzymes belonging to the N/E subfamily enzymes are not produced as inactive precursors and instead rely on their substrate specificity and subcellular compartmentalization to prevent inappropriate cleavage. They contain an extra C-terminal transthyretin-like domain, thought to be involved in folding or formation of oligomers. MCPs can also be classified based on their involvement in specific physiological processes; the pancreatic MCPs participate only in alimentary digestion and include carboxypeptidase A and B (A/B subfamily), while others, namely regulatory MCPs or the N/E subfamily, are involved in more selective reactions, mainly in non-digestive tissues and fluids, acting on blood coagulation/fibrinolysis, inflammation and local anaphylaxis, pro-hormone and neuropeptide processing, cellular response and others. Another MCP subfamily, is that of succinylglutamate desuccinylase /aspartoacylase, which hydrolyzes N-acetyl-L-aspartate (NAA), and deficiency in which is the established cause of Canavan disease. Another subfamily (referred to as subfamily C) includes an exceptional type of activity in the MCP family, that of dipeptidyl-peptidase activity of gamma-glutamyl-(L)-meso-diaminopimelate peptidase I which is involved in bacterial cell wall metabolism. Pssm-ID: 349427 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 216 Bit Score: 67.87 E-value: 9.06e-13
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| M14_CP_A-B_like | cd03860 | Peptidase M14 carboxypeptidase subfamily A/B-like; The Peptidase M14 Carboxypeptidase (CP) A/B ... |
327-436 | 8.14e-11 | ||||||
Peptidase M14 carboxypeptidase subfamily A/B-like; The Peptidase M14 Carboxypeptidase (CP) A/B subfamily is one of two main M14 CP subfamilies defined by sequence and structural homology, the other being the N/E subfamily. CPs hydrolyze single, C-terminal amino acids from polypeptide chains. They have a recognition site for the free C-terminal carboxyl group, which is a key determinant of specificity. Enzymes belonging to the A/B subfamily are normally synthesized as inactive precursors containing preceding signal peptide, followed by a globular N-terminal pro-region linked to the enzyme; these proenzymes are called procarboxypeptidases. The A/B enzymes can be further divided based on their substrate specificity; Carboxypeptidase A-like (CPA-like) enzymes favor hydrophobic residues while carboxypeptidase B-like (CPB-like) enzymes only cleave the basic residues lysine or arginine. There are nine members in the A/B family: CPA1, CPA2, CPA3, CPA4, CPA5, CPA6, CPB, CPO and CPU. CPA1, CPA2 and CPB are produced by the pancreas. The A forms have slightly different specificities, with CPA1 preferring aliphatic and small aromatic residues, and CPA2 preferring the bulkier aromatic side chains. CPA3 is found in secretory granules of mast cells and functions in inflammatory processes. CPA4 is detected in hormone-regulated tissues, and is thought to play a role in prostate cancer. CPA5 is present in discrete regions of pituitary and other tissues, and cleaves aliphatic C-terminal residues. CPA6 is highly expressed in embryonic brain and optic muscle, suggesting that it may play a specific role in cell migration and axonal guidance. CPU (also called CPB2) is produced and secreted by the liver as the inactive precursor, PCPU, commonly referred to as thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI). Little is known about CPO but it has been suggested to have specificity for acidic residues. Pssm-ID: 349433 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 300 Bit Score: 63.70 E-value: 8.14e-11
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| M14_MpaA-like | cd06904 | Peptidase M14-like domain of Escherichia coli Murein Peptide Amidase A and related proteins; ... |
352-437 | 3.39e-03 | ||||||
Peptidase M14-like domain of Escherichia coli Murein Peptide Amidase A and related proteins; Peptidase M14-like domain of Escherichia coli Murein Peptide Amidase A (MpaA) and related proteins. MpaA is a member of the M14 family of metallocarboxypeptidases (MCPs), however it has an exceptional type of activity, it hydrolyzes the gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (gamma-D-Glu-Dap) bond in murein peptides. MpaA is specific for cleavage of the gamma-D-Glu-Dap bond of free murein tripeptide; it may also cleave murein tetrapeptide. MpaA has a different substrate specificity and cellular role than endopeptidase I, ENP1 (ENP1 does not belong to this group). MpaA works on free murein peptide in the recycling pathway. Pssm-ID: 349475 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 214 Bit Score: 39.57 E-value: 3.39e-03
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| M14-like | cd06238 | Peptidase M14-like domain; uncharacterized subgroup; Peptidase M14-like domain of a ... |
387-437 | 7.85e-03 | ||||||
Peptidase M14-like domain; uncharacterized subgroup; Peptidase M14-like domain of a functionally uncharacterized subgroup of the M14 family of metallocarboxypeptidases (MCPs). The M14 family are zinc-binding carboxypeptidases (CPs) which hydrolyze single, C-terminal amino acids from polypeptide chains, and have a recognition site for the free C-terminal carboxyl group, which is a key determinant of specificity. Two major subfamilies of the M14 family, defined based on sequence and structural homology, are the A/B and N/E subfamilies. Enzymes belonging to the A/B subfamily are normally synthesized as inactive precursors containing preceding signal peptide, followed by an N-terminal pro-region linked to the enzyme; these proenzymes are called procarboxypeptidases. The A/B enzymes can be further divided based on their substrate specificity; Carboxypeptidase A-like (CPA-like) enzymes favor hydrophobic residues while carboxypeptidase B-like (CPB-like) enzymes only cleave the basic residues lysine or arginine. The A forms have slightly different specificities, with Carboxypeptidase A1 (CPA1) preferring aliphatic and small aromatic residues, and CPA2 preferring the bulky aromatic side chains. Enzymes belonging to the N/E subfamily enzymes are not produced as inactive precursors and instead rely on their substrate specificity and subcellular compartmentalization to prevent inappropriate cleavage. They contain an extra C-terminal transthyretin-like domain, thought to be involved in folding or formation of oligomers. MCPs can also be classified based on their involvement in specific physiological processes; the pancreatic MCPs participate only in alimentary digestion and include carboxypeptidase A and B (A/B subfamily), while others, namely regulatory MCPs or the N/E subfamily, are involved in more selective reactions, mainly in non-digestive tissues and fluids, acting on blood coagulation/fibrinolysis, inflammation and local anaphylaxis, pro-hormone and neuropeptide processing, cellular response and others. Another MCP subfamily, is that of succinylglutamate desuccinylase /aspartoacylase, which hydrolyzes N-acetyl-L-aspartate (NAA), and deficiency in which is the established cause of Canavan disease. Another subfamily (referred to as subfamily C) includes an exceptional type of activity in the MCP family, that of dipeptidyl-peptidase activity of gamma-glutamyl-(L)-meso-diaminopimelate peptidase I which is involved in bacterial cell wall metabolism. Pssm-ID: 349457 Cd Length: 217 Bit Score: 38.49 E-value: 7.85e-03
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