RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing proteins TRIM5, TRIM6, TRIM22, TRIM34 and similar proteins; TRIM5, TRIM6, TRIM22, and TRIM34, four closely related tripartite motif-containing proteins, belong to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. TRIM5, also known as RING finger protein 88 (RNF88), is a capsid-specific restriction factor that prevents infection from non-host-adapted retroviruses in a species-specific manner by binding to and destabilizing the retroviral capsid lattice before reverse transcription is completed. Its retroviral restriction activity correlates with the ability to activate TAK1-dependent innate immune signaling. TRIM5 also acts as a pattern recognition receptor that activates innate immune signaling in response to the retroviral capsid lattice. Moreover, TRIM5 plays a role in regulating autophagy through activation of autophagy regulator BECN1 by causing its dissociation from its inhibitors BCL2 and TAB2. It also plays a role in autophagy by acting as a selective autophagy receptor which recognizes and targets HIV-1 capsid protein p24 for autophagic destruction. TRIM6, also known as RING finger protein 89 (RNF89), is an E3-ubiquitin ligase that cooperates with the E2-ubiquitin conjugase UbE2K to catalyze the synthesis of unanchored K48-linked polyubiquitin chains, and further stimulates the interferon-I kappa B kinase epsilon (IKKepsilon) kinase-mediated antiviral response. It also regulates the transcriptional activity of Myc during the maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency, and may act as a novel regulator for Myc-mediated transcription in ES cells. TRIM22, also known as 50 kDa-stimulated trans-acting factor (Staf-50) or RING finger protein 94 (RNF94), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays an integral role in the host innate immune response to viruses. It has been shown to inhibit the replication of a number of viruses, including HIV-1, hepatitis B, and influenza A. TRIM22 acts as a suppressor of basal HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR)-driven transcription by preventing the transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1) binding to the HIV-1 promoter. It also controls FoxO4 activity and cell survival by directing Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-stimulated cells toward type I interferon (IFN) type I gene induction or apoptosis. Moreover, TRIM22 can activate the noncanonical nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway by activating I kappa B kinase alpha (IKKalpha). It also regulates nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2)-dependent activation of interferon-beta signaling and nuclear factor-kappaB. TRIM34, also known as interferon-responsive finger protein 1 or RING finger protein 21 (RNF21), may function as antiviral protein that contribute to the defense against retroviral infections.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 568950044   7 EMIKEEVTCPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRACITLHYESNRNPEGEGNCPVCRVPYLFENLRPNRHVANIVE 78
Cdd:cd16591    1 VNIKEEVTCPICLELLTEPLSLDCGHSFCQACITANHKESVNQEGESSCPVCRTSYQPENLRPNRHLANIVE 72

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing proteins TRIM5, TRIM6, TRIM22, TRIM34 and similar proteins; TRIM5, TRIM6, TRIM22, and TRIM34, four closely related tripartite motif-containing proteins, belong to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. TRIM5, also known as RING finger protein 88 (RNF88), is a capsid-specific restriction factor that prevents infection from non-host-adapted retroviruses in a species-specific manner by binding to and destabilizing the retroviral capsid lattice before reverse transcription is completed. Its retroviral restriction activity correlates with the ability to activate TAK1-dependent innate immune signaling. TRIM5 also acts as a pattern recognition receptor that activates innate immune signaling in response to the retroviral capsid lattice. Moreover, TRIM5 plays a role in regulating autophagy through activation of autophagy regulator BECN1 by causing its dissociation from its inhibitors BCL2 and TAB2. It also plays a role in autophagy by acting as a selective autophagy receptor which recognizes and targets HIV-1 capsid protein p24 for autophagic destruction. TRIM6, also known as RING finger protein 89 (RNF89), is an E3-ubiquitin ligase that cooperates with the E2-ubiquitin conjugase UbE2K to catalyze the synthesis of unanchored K48-linked polyubiquitin chains, and further stimulates the interferon-I kappa B kinase epsilon (IKKepsilon) kinase-mediated antiviral response. It also regulates the transcriptional activity of Myc during the maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency, and may act as a novel regulator for Myc-mediated transcription in ES cells. TRIM22, also known as 50 kDa-stimulated trans-acting factor (Staf-50) or RING finger protein 94 (RNF94), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays an integral role in the host innate immune response to viruses. It has been shown to inhibit the replication of a number of viruses, including HIV-1, hepatitis B, and influenza A. TRIM22 acts as a suppressor of basal HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR)-driven transcription by preventing the transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1) binding to the HIV-1 promoter. It also controls FoxO4 activity and cell survival by directing Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-stimulated cells toward type I interferon (IFN) type I gene induction or apoptosis. Moreover, TRIM22 can activate the noncanonical nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway by activating I kappa B kinase alpha (IKKalpha). It also regulates nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2)-dependent activation of interferon-beta signaling and nuclear factor-kappaB. TRIM34, also known as interferon-responsive finger protein 1 or RING finger protein 21 (RNF21), may function as antiviral protein that contribute to the defense against retroviral infections.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 568950044   7 EMIKEEVTCPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRACITLHYESNRNPEGEGNCPVCRVPYLFENLRPNRHVANIVE 78
Cdd:cd16591    1 VNIKEEVTCPICLELLTEPLSLDCGHSFCQACITANHKESVNQEGESSCPVCRTSYQPENLRPNRHLANIVE 72

zinc finger of C3HC4-type, RING; This is a family of primate-specific Ret finger protein-like (RFPL) zinc-fingers of the C3HC4 type. Ret finger protein-like proteins are primate-specific target genes of Pax6, a key transcription factor for pancreas, eye and neocortex development. This domain is likely to be DNA-binding. This zinc-finger domain together with the RDM domain, pfam11002, forms a large zinc-finger structure of the RING/U-Box superfamily. RING-containing proteins are known to exert an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase activity with the zinc-finger structure being mandatory for binding to the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 568950044   15 CPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRACItlhYESNRNPEGEG-NCPVC 58
Cdd:pfam15227   1 CPICLDYLEKPVSIECGHSFCLSCI---NSLQKEPDGESlLCPQC 42

RING-finger-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase [Signal transduction mechanisms];

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568950044  15 CPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRACITLHYesNRNPegegNCPVCRVPYLFENLRPNRHVANIVERLKGFKSIPEEEQKVN 94
Cdd:COG5432   28 CRICDCRISIPCETTCGHTFCSLCIRRHL--GTQP----FCPVCREDPCESRLRGSSGSREINESHARNRDLLRKVLESL 101

                         90
                 ....*....|....*...
gi 568950044  95 ACVEHGEKLQLFCKEDMM 112
Cdd:COG5432  102 CRLPRPIKEERPCRWETV 119

B-Box-type zinc finger;

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 568950044    91 QKVNACVEHG-EKLQLFCKEDMMAICWLCKQSqEHSGHQTALI 132
Cdd:smart00336   1 QRAPKCDSHGdEPAEFFCEECGALLCRTCDEA-EHRGHTVVLL 42

B-box zinc finger;

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 568950044   91 QKVNACVEHG-EKLQLFCKEDMMAICWLCkQSQEHSGHQTALI 132
Cdd:pfam00643   1 SKERLCPEHEeEPLTLYCNDCQELLCEEC-SVGEHRGHTVVPL 42

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing proteins TRIM5, TRIM6, TRIM22, TRIM34 and similar proteins; TRIM5, TRIM6, TRIM22, and TRIM34, four closely related tripartite motif-containing proteins, belong to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. TRIM5, also known as RING finger protein 88 (RNF88), is a capsid-specific restriction factor that prevents infection from non-host-adapted retroviruses in a species-specific manner by binding to and destabilizing the retroviral capsid lattice before reverse transcription is completed. Its retroviral restriction activity correlates with the ability to activate TAK1-dependent innate immune signaling. TRIM5 also acts as a pattern recognition receptor that activates innate immune signaling in response to the retroviral capsid lattice. Moreover, TRIM5 plays a role in regulating autophagy through activation of autophagy regulator BECN1 by causing its dissociation from its inhibitors BCL2 and TAB2. It also plays a role in autophagy by acting as a selective autophagy receptor which recognizes and targets HIV-1 capsid protein p24 for autophagic destruction. TRIM6, also known as RING finger protein 89 (RNF89), is an E3-ubiquitin ligase that cooperates with the E2-ubiquitin conjugase UbE2K to catalyze the synthesis of unanchored K48-linked polyubiquitin chains, and further stimulates the interferon-I kappa B kinase epsilon (IKKepsilon) kinase-mediated antiviral response. It also regulates the transcriptional activity of Myc during the maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency, and may act as a novel regulator for Myc-mediated transcription in ES cells. TRIM22, also known as 50 kDa-stimulated trans-acting factor (Staf-50) or RING finger protein 94 (RNF94), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays an integral role in the host innate immune response to viruses. It has been shown to inhibit the replication of a number of viruses, including HIV-1, hepatitis B, and influenza A. TRIM22 acts as a suppressor of basal HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR)-driven transcription by preventing the transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1) binding to the HIV-1 promoter. It also controls FoxO4 activity and cell survival by directing Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-stimulated cells toward type I interferon (IFN) type I gene induction or apoptosis. Moreover, TRIM22 can activate the noncanonical nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway by activating I kappa B kinase alpha (IKKalpha). It also regulates nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2)-dependent activation of interferon-beta signaling and nuclear factor-kappaB. TRIM34, also known as interferon-responsive finger protein 1 or RING finger protein 21 (RNF21), may function as antiviral protein that contribute to the defense against retroviral infections.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 568950044   7 EMIKEEVTCPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRACITLHYESNRNPEGEGNCPVCRVPYLFENLRPNRHVANIVE 78
Cdd:cd16591    1 VNIKEEVTCPICLELLTEPLSLDCGHSFCQACITANHKESVNQEGESSCPVCRTSYQPENLRPNRHLANIVE 72

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 26 (TRIM26) and similar proteins; TRIM26, also known as acid finger protein (AFP), RING finger protein 95 (RNF95), or zinc finger protein 173 (ZNF173), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that negatively regulates interferon-beta production and antiviral response through polyubiquitination and degradation of nuclear transcription factor IRF3. It functions as an important regulator for RNA virus-triggered innate immune response by bridging TBK1 to NEMO (NF-kappaB essential modulator, also known as IKKgamma) and mediating TBK1 activation. It also acts as a novel tumor suppressor of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating cancer cell proliferation, colony forming ability, migration, and invasion. TRIM26 belongs the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a B-box, and two coiled coil domains, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 568950044   9 IKEEVTCPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRACITLHYESNRNPEgEGNCPVCRVPYLFENLRPNR 71
Cdd:cd16598    1 LEEEVTCSICLDYLRDPVTIDCGHNFCRSCITDYCPISGGHE-RPVCPLCRKPFKKENIRPNW 62

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing proteins, TRIM7, TRIM11 and TRIM27, and similar proteins; TRIM7, TRIM11 and TRIM27, closely related tripartite motif-containing proteins, belong to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a SPRY/B30.2 domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. TRIM7, also known as glycogenin-interacting protein (GNIP) or RING finger protein 90 (RNF90), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates c-Jun/AP-1 activation by Ras signalling. Its phosphorylation and activation by MSK1 in response to direct activation by the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway can stimulate TRIM7 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in mediating Lys63-linked ubiquitination of the AP-1 coactivator RACO-1, leading to RACO-1 protein stabilization. Moreover, TRIM7 binds and activates glycogenin, the self-glucosylating initiator of glycogen biosynthesis. TRIM11, also known as protein BIA1, or RING finger protein 92 (RNF92), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in the development of the central nervous system. It is overexpressed in high-grade gliomas and promotes proliferation, invasion, migration and glial tumor growth. TRIM11 acts as a potential therapeutic target for congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) by mediating the degradation of CCHS-associated polyalanine-expanded Phox2b. TRIM11 modulates the function of neurogenic transcription factor Pax6 through the ubiquitin-proteosome system, and thus plays an essential role for Pax6-dependent neurogenesis. It also binds to and destabilizes a key component of the activator-mediated cofactor complex (ARC105), humanin, a neuroprotective peptide against Alzheimer's disease-relevant insults, and further regulates ARC105 function in transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) signaling. Moreover, TRIM11 negatively regulates retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-mediated interferon-beta (IFNbeta) production and antiviral activity by targeting TANK-binding kinase-1 (TBK1). It may contribute to the endogenous restriction of retroviruses in cells. It enhances N-tropic murine leukemia virus (N-MLV) entry by interfering with Ref1 restriction. It also suppresses the early steps of human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 transduction, resulting in decreased reverse transcripts. TRIM27, also known as RING finger protein 76 (RNF76), RET finger protein (RFP), or zinc finger protein RFP, is a nuclear E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is highly expressed in testis and in various tumor cell lines. Expression of TRIM27 is associated with prognosis of colon and endometrial cancers. TRIM27 was first identified as a fusion partner of the RET receptor tyrosine kinase. It functions as a transcriptional repressor and associates with several proteins involved in transcriptional activity, such as enhancer of polycomb 1 (Epc1), a member of the Polycomb group proteins, and Mi-2beta, a main component of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex, and the cell cycle regulator retinoblastoma protein (RB1). It also interacts with HDAC1, leading to downregulation of thioredoxin binding protein 2 (TBP-2), which inhibits the function of thioredoxin. Moreover, TRIM27 mediates Pax7-induced ubiquitination of MyoD in skeletal muscle atrophy. In addition, it inhibits muscle differentiation by modulating serum response factor (SRF) and Epc1. TRIM27 promotes a non-canonical polyubiquitination of PTEN, a lipid phosphatase that catalyzes PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 (PIP3) to PtdIns(4,5)P2 (PIP2). It is an IKKepsilon-interacting protein that regulates IkappaB kinase (IKK) function and negatively regulates signaling involved in the antiviral response and inflammation. TRIM27 also forms a protein complex with MBD4 or MBD2 or MBD3, and thus plays an important role in the enhancement of transcriptional repression through MBD proteins in tumorigenesis, spermatogenesis, and embryogenesis. It is a component of an estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) regulatory complex that is involved in estrogen receptor-mediated transcription in MCF-7 cells.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 568950044  10 KEEVTCPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRACITLHYESnrnPEGEGNCPVCRVPYLFENLRPNR 71
Cdd:cd16594    3 QEELTCPICLDYFTDPVTLDCGHSFCRACIARCWEE---PETSASCPQCRETCPQRNLRPNR 61

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 39 (RNF39) and similar proteins; RNF39, also called protein HZFw, may play a role in prolonged long term-potentiation (LTP) maintenance. It is involved in the etiology of Behcet's disease (BD). It may also be involved in HIV-1 replication. RNF39 acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that inhibits retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR) pathways by mediating K48-linked ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of DDX3X (DEAD-box RNA helicase 3, X-linked). RNF39 contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 568950044  11 EEVTCPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRACITLHYESNRNPEGEGN---CPVCRVP 61
Cdd:cd16592    3 EETTCPICLGYFKDPVILDCEHSFCRACIARHWGQEAMEGNGAEgvfCPQCGEP 56

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein TRIM17 and similar proteins; TRIM17, also known as RING finger protein 16 (RNF16) or testis RING finger protein (Terf), is a crucial E3 ubiquitin ligase that is necessary and sufficient for neuronal apoptosis and contributes to Mcl-1 ubiquitination in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). It interacts in a SUMO-dependent manner with nuclear factor of activated T cell NFATc3 transcription factor, and thus inhibits the activity of NFATc3 by preventing its nuclear localization. In contrast, it binds to and inhibits NFATc4 transcription factor in a SUMO-independent manner. Moreover, TRIM17 stimulates degradation of kinetochore protein ZW10 interacting protein (ZWINT), a known component of the kinetochore complex required for the mitotic spindle checkpoint, and negatively regulates cell proliferation. TRIM17 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 568950044   9 IKEEVTCPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRACITLHYESNRNPEGEGN------CPVCRVPYLFENLRPNR 71
Cdd:cd16595    2 LQEEATCSICLDYFTDPVMTTCGHNFCRACIQLSWEKARGKKGRRKqkgsfpCPECREMSPQRNLRPNR 70

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein TRIM25 and similar proteins; TRIM25, also known as estrogen-responsive finger protein (EFP), RING finger protein 147 (RNF147), or RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase, is an E3 ubiquitin/ISG15 ligase that is induced by estrogen and is therefore particularly abundant in placenta and uterus. TRIM25 regulates various cellular processes through E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, transferring ubiquitin and ISG15 to target proteins. It mediates K63-linked polyubiquitination of retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) that is crucial for downstream antiviral interferon signaling. It is also required for melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS, also known as IPS-1, VISA, Cardiff) mediated activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and interferon production. Upon UV irradiation, TRIM25 interacts with mono-ubiquitinated PCNA and promotes its ISG15 modification (ISGylation), suggesting a crucial role in termination of error-prone translesion DNA synthesis. TRIM25 also functions as a novel regulator of p53 and Mdm2. It enhances p53 and Mdm2 abundance by inhibiting their ubiquitination and degradation in 26S proteasomes. Meanwhile, it inhibits p53's transcriptional activity and dampens the response to DNA damage, and is essential for medaka development and this dependence is rescued by silencing of p53. Moreover, TRIM25 is involved in the host cellular innate immune response against retroviral infection. It interferes with the late stage of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) replication. Furthermore, TRIM25 acts as an oncogene in gastric cancer. Its blockade by RNA interference inhibits migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells through transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling, suggesting it presents a novel target for the detection and treatment of gastric cancer. In addition, TRIM25 acts as an RNA-specific activator for Lin28a/TuT4-mediated uridylation. TRIM25 belongs to the C-IV subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 568950044  10 KEEVTCPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRACITLHYESNRNpeGEGNCPVCRVPYLFE-NLRPNRHVANIVER 79
Cdd:cd16597    3 EEELTCSICLELFKDPVTLPCGHNFCGVCIEKTWDSQHG--SEYSCPQCRATFPRRpELHKNTVLRNIVEQ 71

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein TRIM65 and similar proteins; TRIM65 is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with the innate immune receptor MDA5, enhancing its ability to stimulate interferon-beta signaling. It functions as a potential oncogenic protein that negatively regulates p53 through ubiquitination, providing insight into the development of novel approaches targeting TRIM65 for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) treatment, and also overcoming chemotherapy resistance. Moreover, TRIM65 negatively regulates microRNA-driven suppression of mRNA translation by targeting TNRC6 proteins for ubiquitination and degradation. TRIM65 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 568950044  11 EEVTCPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRACITLHYesNRNPEGEGNCPVCRVPY 62
Cdd:cd16609    2 EELTCSICLGLYQDPVTLPCQHSFCRACIEDHW--RQKDEGSFSCPECRAPF 51

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein TRIM58 and similar proteins; TRIM58, also known as protein BIA2, is an erythroid E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase induced during late erythropoiesis. It binds and ubiquitinates the intermediate chain of the microtubule motor dynein (DYNC1LI1/DYNC1LI2), stimulating the degradation of the dynein holoprotein complex. It may participate in the erythroblast enucleation process through regulation of nuclear polarization. TRIM58 belongs to the C-IV subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 568950044  11 EEVTCPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRACITLHYE-SNRNPEGEGNCPVCRVPY 62
Cdd:cd16606    1 EEARCPVCLDFLQEPVSVDCGHSFCLRCISEFCEkSDSAQGGVYACPQCRGPF 53

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 47 (TRIM47) and similar proteins; TRIM47, also known as gene overexpressed in astrocytoma protein (GOA) or RING finger protein 100 (RNF100), belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a B-box, and two coiled coil domains, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. It plays an important role in the process of dedifferentiation that is associated with astrocytoma tumorigenesis. This subfamily also includes RING finger protein 135 (RNF135). RNF135, also known as RIG-I E3 ubiquitin ligase (REUL) or Riplet, is a widely expressed E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that consists of an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger and C-terminal B30.2/SPRY and PRY motifs, but lacks the B-box and coiled-coil domains that are also typically present in TRIM proteins. RNF135 serves as a specific retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-interacting protein that ubiquitinates RIG-I and specifically stimulates RIG-I-mediated innate antiviral activity to produce antiviral type-I interferon (IFN) during the early phase of viral infection. It also has been identified as a bio-marker and therapy target of glioblastoma. It associates with the ERK signal transduction pathway and plays a role in glioblastoma cell proliferation, migration and cell cycle.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 568950044  15 CPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRACITLHYESNRNpeGEGNCPVCRVPY 62
Cdd:cd16604    3 CPICLDLLKDPVTLPCGHSFCMGCLGALWGAGRG--GRASCPLCRQTF 48

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 39 (TRIM39) and similar proteins; TRIM39, also known as RING finger protein 23 (RNF23) or testis-abundant finger protein, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays a role in controlling DNA damage-induced apoptosis through inhibition of the anaphase promoting complex (APC/C), a multiprotein ubiquitin ligase that controls multiple cell cycle regulators, including cyclins, geminin, and others. TRIM39 also functions as a regulator of several key processes in the proliferative cycle. It directly regulates p53 stability. It modulates cell cycle progression and DNA damage responses via stabilizing p21. Moreover, TRIM39 negatively regulates the nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB)-mediated signaling pathway through stabilization of Cactin, an inhibitor of NFkappaB- and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated transcription, which is induced by inflammatory stimulants such as tumor necrosis factor alpha. Furthermore, TRIM39 is a MOAP-1-binding protein that can promote apoptosis signaling through stabilization of MOAP-1 via the inhibition of its poly-ubiquitination process. TRIM39 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 568950044  12 EVTCPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRACITLHYEsnrNPEGEGNCPVC 58
Cdd:cd16601    1 EASCSLCKEYLKDPVIIECGHNFCRACITRFWE---ELDGDFPCPQC 44

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 69 (TRIM69) and similar proteins; TRIM69, also known as RFP-like domain-containing protein trimless or RING finger protein 36 (RNF36), is a testis E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays a specific role in apoptosis and may also play an important role in germ cell homeostasis during spermatogenesis. TRIM69 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 568950044   9 IKEEVTCPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRACITLHYESNRnpeGEGNCPVCRVPYLFENLRPN 70
Cdd:cd16611    1 LTEELHCPLCLDFFRDPVMLSCGHNFCQSCITGFWELQA---EDTTCPECRELCQYRNLTPN 59

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 68 (TRIM68) and similar proteins; TRIM68, also known as RING finger protein 137 (RNF137) or SSA protein SS-56 (SS-56), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that negatively regulates Toll-like receptor (TLR)- and RIG-I-like receptor (RLR)-driven type I interferon production by degrading TRK fused gene (TFG), a novel driver of IFN-beta downstream of anti-viral detection systems. It also functions as a cofactor for androgen receptor-mediated transcription by regulating ligand-dependent transcription of androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells. Moreover, TRIM68 is a cellular target of autoantibody responses in Sjogre's syndrome (SS), as well as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is also an auto-antigen for T cells in SS and SLE. TRIM68 belongs the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a B-box, and two coiled coil domains, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 568950044  12 EVTCPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRACITLHYESNRNPEGEG-NCPVCR 59
Cdd:cd16610    1 EVACPICMTFLREPVSIDCGHSFCHSCLSGLWEVPGESQNWGyTCPLCR 49

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing proteins TRIM43, TRIM48, TRIM49, TRIM51, TRIM64 and similar proteins; The family includes a group of closely related uncharacterized tripartite motif-containing proteins, TRIM43, TRIM43B, TRIM48/RNF101, TRIM49/RNF18, TRIM49B, TRIM49C/TRIM49L2, TRIM49D/TRIM49L, TRIM51/SPRYD5, TRIM64, TRIM64B, and TRIM64C, whose biological function remain unclear. TRIM49, also known as testis-specific RING-finger protein, has moderate similarity with SS-A/Ro52 antigen, suggesting it may be one of the target proteins of autoantibodies in the sera of patients with these autoimmune disorders. All family members belong to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains as well as a SPRY/B30.2 domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. In RBCC region, they all have a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 568950044  12 EVTCPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRACITLHYESNRNPegeGNCPVCRVPYLFENLRPN 70
Cdd:cd16603    4 ELTCPICMNYFIDPVTIDCGHSFCRPCLYLNWQDIPFL---AQCPECRKTTEQRNLKTN 59

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 77 (TRIM77) and similar proteins; TRIM77 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including two consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger and Bbox2, as well as a SPRY/B30.2 domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 568950044  11 EEVTCPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRACITLHYESNRNPEgegNCPVCRVPY 62
Cdd:cd16543    2 DQLTCSICLDLLKDPVTIPCGHSFCMNCITLLWDRKQGVP---SCPQCRESF 50

B-box-type 2 zinc finger found in tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21) and similar proteins; TRIM21, also known as 52 kDa Ro protein, 52 kDa ribonucleoprotein autoantigen Ro/SS-A, Ro(SS-A), RING finger protein 81 (RNF81), or Sjoegren's syndrome type A antigen (SS-A), is a ubiquitously expressed E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase and a high affinity antibody receptor uniquely expressed in the cytosol of mammalian cells. As a cytosolic Fc receptor, TRIM21 binds the Fc of virus-associated antibodies and targets the complex in the cytosol for proteasomal degradation in a process known as antibody-dependent intracellular neutralization (ADIN), and provides an intracellular immune response to protect host defense against pathogen infection. It shows remarkably broad isotype specificity as it does not only bind IgG, but also IgM and IgA. Moreover, TRIM21 promotes the cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS and the cytosolic RNA sensor RIG-I sensing of viral genomes during infection by antibody-opsonized virus. It stimulates inflammatory signaling and activates innate transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). TRIM21 also plays an essential role in p62-regulated redox homeostasis, suggesting a viable target for treating pathological conditions resulting from oxidative damage. Furthermore, TRIM21 may have implications for various autoimmune diseases associated uncontrolled antiviral signaling through the regulation of Nmi-IFI35 complex-mediated inhibition of innate antiviral response. TRIM21 belongs to the C-IV subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 2 B-box (Bbox2) zinc finger is characterized by a CHC3H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 568950044  96 CVEHGEKLQLFCKEDMMAICWLCKQSQEHSGHQTALIE 133
Cdd:cd19772    3 CAVHGERLHLFCEEDQKALCLVCAQSQKHRDHAMVPIE 40

RING finger, HC subclass, found in BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1 (BARD-1) and similar proteins; BARD-1 is a critical factor in BRCA1-mediated tumor suppression and may also serve as a target for tumorigenic lesions in some human cancers. It associates with BRCA1 (breast cancer-1) to form a heterodimeric BRCA1/BARD1 complex that is responsible for maintaining genomic stability through nuclear functions involving DNA damage signaling and repair, transcriptional regulation, and cell cycle control. The BRCA1/BARD1 complex catalyzes autoubiquitination of BRCA1 and trans ubiquitination of other protein substrates. Its E3 ligase activity is dramatically reduced in the presence of UBX domain protein 1 (UBXN1). BARD-1 contains an C3HC4-type RING-HC finger that binds BRCA1 at its N-terminus and three tandem ankyrin repeats and tandem BRCT repeat domains at its C-terminus. The BRCT repeats bind CstF-50 (cleavage stimulation factor) to modulate mRNA processing and RNAP II stability in response to DNA damage.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568950044   3 SSVLEMIKEEVTCPICLELLKESVS-ADCNHSFCRACITLHYESNrnpegegnCPVCRVPYLFENLRPNRHVANIVERLK 81
Cdd:cd16496    6 RAALDELENLLRCSRCASILKEPVTlGGCEHVFCRSCVGDRLGNG--------CPVCDTPAWARDLQINRQLDSMVQLCR 77

                 ....*
gi 568950044  82 GFKSI 86
Cdd:cd16496   78 KLRNL 82

RING finger, HC subclass, found in really interesting new gene proteins RING1, RING2 and similar proteins; RING1, also known as polycomb complex protein RING1, RING finger protein 1 (RNF1), or RING finger protein 1A (RING1A), is a transcriptional repressor that is associated with the Polycomb group (PcG) protein complex involved in stable repression of gene activity. RING2, also known as huntingtin-interacting protein 2-interacting protein 3, HIP2-interacting protein 3, protein DinG, RING finger protein 1B (RING1B), RING finger protein 2 (RNF2), or RING finger protein BAP-1, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with both nucleosomal DNA and an acidic patch on histone H4 to achieve the specific monoubiquitination of K119 on histone H2A (H2AK119ub), thereby playing a central role in histone code and gene regulation. Both RING1 and RING2 are core components of polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) that functions as an E3-ubuiquitin ligase transferring the mono-ubuiquitin mark to the C-terminal tail of Histone H2A at K118/K119. PRC1 is also capable of chromatin compaction, a function not requiring histone tails, and this activity appears important in gene silencing. RING2 acts as the main E3 ubiquitin ligase on histone H2A of the PRC1 complex, while RING1 may rather act as a modulator of RNF2/RING2 activity. Members of this family contain a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 568950044  12 EVTCPICLELLKES-VSADCNHSFCRACITlhyESNRNpeGEGNCPVCRVP 61
Cdd:cd16531    1 ELMCPICLGIIKNTmTVKECLHRFCAECIE---KALRL--GNKECPTCRKH 46

B-box-type 2 zinc finger found in tripartite motif-containing proteins TRIM39, TRIM58 and similar proteins; The family includes TRIM39 and TRIM58, both of which belong to the C-IV subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a SPRY/B30.2 domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 2 B-box (Bbox2) zinc finger is characterized by a CHC3H2 zinc-binding consensus motif. TRIM39, also termed RING finger protein 23 (RNF23), or testis-abundant finger protein, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays a role in controlling DNA damage-induced apoptosis through inhibition of the anaphase promoting complex (APC/C), a multiprotein ubiquitin ligase that controls multiple cell cycle regulators, including cyclins, geminin, and others. TRIM39 also functions as a regulator of several key processes in the proliferative cycle. It directly regulates p53 stability and modulates cell cycle progression and DNA damage responses via stabilization of p21. TRIM39 also negatively regulates the nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB)-mediated signaling pathway through stabilization of Cactin, an inhibitor of NFkappaB- and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated transcription, which is induced by inflammatory stimulants such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha). TRIM39 is a MOAP-1-binding protein that can promote apoptosis signaling through stabilization of MOAP-1 via the inhibition of its poly-ubiquitination process. TRIM58, also known as protein BIA2, is an erythroid E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase induced during late erythropoiesis. It binds and ubiquitinates the intermediate chain of the microtubule motor dynein (DYNC1LI1/DYNC1LI2), stimulating the degradation of the dynein holoprotein complex. It may participate in the erythroblast enucleation process through regulation of nuclear polarization.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 568950044  94 NACVEHGEKLQLFCKEDMMAICWLCKQSQEHSGHQTALIEE 134
Cdd:cd19780    3 SLCARHREALSLFCEEDQEAVCLVCEISHDHRAHTLVPLQD 43

Zinc finger, C3HC4 type (RING finger); The C3HC4 type zinc-finger (RING finger) is a cysteine-rich domain of 40 to 60 residues that coordinates two zinc ions, and has the consensus sequence: C-X2-C-X(9-39)-C-X(1-3)-H-X(2-3)-C-X2-C-X(4-48)-C-X2-C where X is any amino acid. Many proteins containing a RING finger play a key role in the ubiquitination pathway.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 568950044   15 CPICLELLKE-SVSADCNHSFCRACITLHYESNRNPegegnCPVC 58
Cdd:pfam00097   1 CPICLEEPKDpVTLLPCGHLFCSKCIRSWLESGNVT-----CPLC 40

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC3D-type), found in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and similar proteins; TRAF6, also known as interleukin-1 signal transducer or RING finger protein 85 (RNF85), is a cytoplasmic adapter protein that mediates signals induced by the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily and Toll-like receptor (TLR)/interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) family. It functions as a mediator involved in the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and interferon regulatory factor pathways, as well as in IL-1R-mediated activation of NF-kappaB. TRAF6 is also an oncogene that plays a vital role in K-RAS-mediated oncogenesis. TRAF6 contains an N-terminal domain with a modified C3HC3D-type RING-HC finger and several zinc fingers, and a C-terminal TRAF domain that comprises a coiled coil domain and a conserved TRAF-C domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 568950044  15 CPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRACItlhYESNRnpEGEGNCPVCRVPYLFENLRPNR 71
Cdd:cd16643    4 CPICLMALREPVQTPCGHRFCKACI---LKSIR--EAGHKCPVDNEPLLENQLFPDN 55

DNA repair protein rad18; All proteins in this family for which functions are known are involved in nucleotide excision repair.This family is based on the phylogenomic analysis of JA Eisen (1999, Ph.D. Thesis, Stanford University). [DNA metabolism, DNA replication, recombination, and repair]

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 568950044   15 CPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRACITLHYESnrnpegEGNCPVCRVPYLFENLRPNRHVANIVErlkGFKSI 86
Cdd:TIGR00599  29 CHICKDFFDVPVLTSCSHTFCSLCIRRCLSN------QPKCPLCRAEDQESKLRSNWLVSEIVE---SFKNL 91

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana proteolysis 1 protein (PRT1) and similar proteins; PRT1, also called RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase PRT1, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. It functions in the N-end rule pathway of protein degradation, where it specifically recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with an N-terminal bulky aromatic amino acid (Phe). It does not act on aliphatic hydrophobic and basic N-terminal residues (Arg or Leu) containing proteins. PRT1 contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 568950044  11 EEVTCPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRACItlhYESnRNPEGEGNCPVCRVPY 62
Cdd:cd23132    1 EEFLCCICLDLLYKPVVLECGHVFCFWCV---HRC-MNGYDESHCPLCRRPY 48

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 138 (RNF138) and similar proteins; RNF138, also known as Nemo-like kinase-associated RING finger protein (NARF) or NLK-associated RING finger protein, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays an important role in glioma cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle. It specifically cooperates with the E2 conjugating enzyme E2-25K (Hip-2/UbcH1), regulates the ubiquitylation and degradation of T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF), and further suppresses Wnt-beta-catenin signaling. RNF138, together with three closely related proteins: RNF114, RNF125 and RNF166, forms a novel family of ubiquitin ligases with a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a C2HC-, and two C2H2-type zinc fingers, as well as a ubiquitin interacting motif (UIM).

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 568950044  11 EEVTCPICLELLKESVS-ADCNHSFCRACITLhyesnRNPEGEGNCPVCRVPY 62
Cdd:cd16544    1 AELTCPVCQEVLKDPVElPPCRHIFCKACILL-----ALRSSGARCPLCRGPV 48

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA repair protein RAD16, Schizosaccharomyces pombe rhp16, and similar proteins; Budding yeast RAD16, also known as ATP-dependent helicase RAD16, is encoded by a yeast excision repair gene homologous to the recombinational repair gene RAD54 and to the SNF2 gene involved in transcriptional activation. It is a component of the global genome repair (GGR) complex that promotes global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER) by removing DNA damage from non-transcribing DNA. RAD16 is involved in differential repair of DNA after UV damage, and repairs preferentially the MAT-alpha locus compared with the HML-alpha locus. Fission yeast rhp16, also known as ATP-dependent helicase rhp16, is a RAD16 homolog. It is involved in GGR via nucleotide excision repair (NER), in conjunction with rhp7, after UV irradiation. Both RAD16 and rhp16 contain a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, as well as a DEAD-like helicase domain and a helicase superfamily C-terminal domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 568950044  15 CPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRACITLHYESnrNPEGEGNCPVCRVP 61
Cdd:cd16567    3 CGICHEEAEDPVVARCHHVFCRACVKEYIES--APGGKVTCPTCHKP 47

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 8 (TRIM8) and similar proteins; TRIM8, also known as glioblastoma-expressed RING finger protein (GERP) or RING finger protein 27 (RNF27), is a probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that may promote proteasomal degradation of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and further regulate interferon-gamma signaling. It functions as a new p53 modulator that stabilizes p53 impairing its association with MDM2 and inducing the reduction of cell proliferation. TRIM8 deficit dramatically impairs p53 stabilization and activation in response to chemotherapeutic drugs. TRIM8 also modulates tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-triggered nuclear factor-kappaB (NF- kappa B) activation by targeting transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) activated kinase 1 (TAK1) for K63-linked polyubiquitination. Moreover, TRIM8 modulates translocation of phosphorylated STAT3 into the nucleus through interaction with Hsp90beta and consequently regulates transcription of Nanog in embryonic stem cells. It also interacts with protein inhibitor of activated STAT3 (PIAS3), which inhibits IL-6-dependent activation of STAT3. TRIM8 belongs to the C-V subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil domain, as well as an uncharacterized region positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The coiled coil domain is required for homodimerization and the region immediately C-terminal to the RING motif is sufficient to mediate the interaction with SOCS1.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 568950044  10 KEEVTCPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRACITlhyESNRNPEGEGNCPVCRVPY 62
Cdd:cd16580    9 EEELICPICLHVFVEPVQLPCKHNFCRGCIG---EAWAKDAGLVRCPECNQAY 58

B-Box-type zinc finger;

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 568950044    91 QKVNACVEHG-EKLQLFCKEDMMAICWLCKQSqEHSGHQTALI 132
Cdd:smart00336   1 QRAPKCDSHGdEPAEFFCEECGALLCRTCDEA-EHRGHTVVLL 42

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 170 (RNF170) and similar proteins; RNF170, also known as putative LAG1-interacting protein, is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination-dependent degradation of type-I inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (ITPR1) via the endoplasmic-reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway. A point mutation (arginine to cysteine at position 199) in the RNF170 gene is linked with autosomal-dominant sensory ataxia (ADSA), a disease characterized by neurodegeneration in the posterior columns of the spinal cord. RNF170 contains a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 568950044  14 TCPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRACITLHYESNRNPeGEGNCPVCR 59
Cdd:cd16553    3 ECPICLQDARFPVETNCGHLFCGPCIITYWRHGSWL-GAVSCPVCR 47

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 125 (RNF125); RNF125, also known as T-cell RING activation protein 1 (TRAC-1), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is predominantly expressed in lymphoid cells, and functions as a positive regulator of T cell activation. It also down-modulates HIV replication and inhibits pathogen-induced cytokine production. It negatively regulates type I interferon signaling, which conjugates Lys(48)-linked ubiquitination to retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) and subsequently leads to the proteasome-dependent degradation of RIG-I. Further, RNF125 conjugates ubiquitin to melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), a family protein of RIG-I. It thus acts as a negative regulator of RIG-I signaling, and is a direct target of miR-15b in the context of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection. Moreover, RNF125 binds to and ubiquitinates JAK1, prompting its degradation and inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) expression. It also negatively regulates p53 function through physical interaction and ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation. Mutations in RNF125 may lead to overgrowth syndromes (OGS). RNF125, together with three closely related proteins: RNF114, RNF138 and RNF166, forms a novel family of ubiquitin ligases with a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a C2HC-, and two C2H2-type zinc fingers, as well as a ubiquitin interacting motif (UIM). The UIM of RNF125 binds K48-linked poly-ubiquitin chains and is, together with the RING domain, required for auto-ubiquitination.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 568950044  15 CPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRACITLHYESNRnpegeGNCPVCR 59
Cdd:cd16542    4 CAVCLEVLHQPVRTRCGHVFCRPCIATSLRNNT-----WTCPYCR 43

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Polycomb Group RING finger homologs (PCGF1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6), and similar proteins; This subfamily includes six Polycomb Group (PcG) RING finger homologs (PCGF1/NSPc1, PCGF2/Mel-18, PCGF3, PCGF4/BMI1, PCGF5, and PCGF6/MBLR) that use epigenetic mechanisms to maintain or repress expression of their target genes. They were first discovered in fruit flies and are well known for silencing Hox genes through modulation of chromatin structure during embryonic development. PCGF homologs play important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and tumorigenesis. They all have been found to associate with ring finger protein 2 (RNF2). The RNF2-PCGF heterodimer is catalytically competent as an E3 ubiquitin transferase and is the scaffold for the assembly of additional components. Moreover, PCGF homologs are critical components in the assembly of distinct Polycomb Repression Complex 1 (PRC1) related complexes which is involved in the maintenance of gene repression and which target different genes through distinct mechanisms. The Drosophila PRC1 core complex is formed by the Polycomb (Pc), Polyhomeotic (Ph), Posterior sex combs (Psc), and Sex combs extra (Sce, also known as Ring) subunits. In mammals, the composition of PRC1 is much more diverse and varies depending on the cellular context. All PRC1 complexes contain homologs of the Drosophila Ring protein. Ring1A/RNF1 and Ring1B/RNF2 are E3 ubiquitin ligases that mark lysine 119 of histone H2A with a single ubiquitin group (H2AK119ub). Mammalian homologs of the Drosophila Psc protein, such as PCGF2/Mel-18 or PCGF4/BMI1, regulate PRC1 enzymatic activity. PRC1 complexes can be divided into at least two classes according to the presence or absence of CBX proteins, which are homologs of Drosophila Pc. Canonical PRC1 complexes contain CBX proteins that recognize and bind H3K27me3, the mark deposited by PRC2. Therefore, canonical PRC1 complexes and PRC2 can act together to repress gene transcription and maintain this repression through cell division. Non-canonical PRC1 complexes, containing RYBP (together with additional proteins, such as L3mbtl2 or Kdm2b) rather than the CBX proteins have recently been described in mammals. PCGF homologs contain a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 568950044  14 TCPICLELLKESVS-ADCNHSFCRACITLHYESNRnpegegNCPVCR 59
Cdd:cd16525    2 TCSLCKGYLIDATTiTECLHSFCKSCIVRHLETSK------NCPVCD 42

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae POB3/SPT16 histone-associated protein 1 (ScPSH1) and similar proteins; ScPSH1 is a Cse4-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase that interacts with the kinetochore protein Pat1 and targets the degradation of budding yeast centromeric histone H3 variant, CENP-ACse4, which is essential for faithful chromosome segregation. ScPSH1 contains a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger and a DNA directed RNA polymerase domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 568950044   9 IKEEVTCPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRACITLHYESNRNPegegNCPVCRVPYLFEN 66
Cdd:cd16568    1 ILETQECIICHEYLYEPMVTTCGHTYCYTCLNTWFKSNRSL----SCPDCRTKITTQP 54

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 168 (RNF168) and similar proteins; RNF168 is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that promotes noncanonical K27 ubiquitination to signal DNA damage. It, together with RNF8, functions as a DNA damage response (DDR) factor that promotes a series of ubiquitylation events on substrates, such as H2A and H2AX with H2AK13/15 ubiquitylation, facilitates recruitment of repair factors p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) or the RAP80-BRCA1 complex to sites of double-strand breaks (DSBs), and inhibits homologous recombination (HR) in cells deficient in the tumor suppressor BRCA1. RNF168 also promotes H2A neddylation, which antagonizes ubiquitylation of H2A and regulates DNA damage repair. Moreover, RNF168 forms a functional complex with RAD6A or RAD6B during the DNA damage response. RNF168 contains an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger that catalyzes H2A-K15ub and interacts with H2A, and two MIU (motif interacting with ubiquitin) domains responsible for the interaction with K63 linked poly-ubiquitin.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 568950044  13 VTCPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRACITLHYEsnrnpEGEGNCPVCR 59
Cdd:cd16550    1 CLCPICLEILVEPVTLPCNHTLCMPCFQSTVE-----KASLCCPLCR 42

B-box-type 2 zinc finger found in tripartite motif-containing proteins, TRIM10, TRIM15, TRIM26, TRIM31 and similar proteins; This family includes TRIM10, TRIM15, TRIM26 and TRIM31. TRIM10, also known as B30-RING finger protein (RFB30), RING finger protein 9 (RNF9), or hematopoietic RING finger 1 (HERF1), is a novel hematopoiesis-specific RING finger protein required for terminal differentiation of erythroid cells. TRIM15, also termed RING finger protein 93 (RNF93), or zinc finger protein 178 (ZNF178), or zinc finger protein B7 (ZNFB7), is a focal adhesion protein that regulates focal adhesion disassembly. It localizes to focal contacts in a myosin-II-independent manner by an interaction between its coiled-coil domain and the LD2 motif of paxillin. TRIM15 can also associate with coronin 1B, cortactin, filamin binding LIM protein1, and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, which are involved in actin cytoskeleton dynamics. As an additional component of the integrin adhesome, it regulates focal adhesion turnover and cell migration. TRIM26, also known as acid finger protein (AFP), RING finger protein 95 (RNF95), or zinc finger protein 173 (ZNF173), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that negatively regulates interferon-beta production and antiviral response through polyubiquitination and degradation of nuclear transcription factor IRF3. It functions as an important regulator for RNA virus-triggered innate immune response by bridging TBK1 to NEMO (NF-kappaB essential modulator, also known as IKKgamma) and mediating TBK1 activation. It also acts as a novel tumor suppressor of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating cancer cell proliferation, colony forming ability, migration, and invasion. TRIM31 is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that primarily localizes to the cytoplasm, but is also associated with the mitochondria. It can negatively regulate cell proliferation and may be a potential biomarker of gastric cancer as it is overexpressed from the early stage of gastric carcinogenesis. TRIM31 is downregulated in non-small cell lung cancer and serves as a potential tumor suppressor. It interacts with p52 (Shc) and inhibits Src-induced anchorage-independent growth. TRIM10, TRIM15 and TRIM26 belong to the C-IV subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. TRIM31 belongs to the C-V subclass of TRIM family of proteins. The type 2 B-box (Bbox2) zinc finger is characterized by a CHC3H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

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gi 568950044  96 CVEHGEKLQLFCKEDMMAICWLCKQSQEHSGHQTALI 132
Cdd:cd19765    3 CEEHGEKIHFFCEDDGKFLCVVCRESREHRTHTVSLL 39

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein TRIM50, TRIM73, TRIM74 and similar proteins; TRIM50 is a stomach-specific E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, encoded by the Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) TRIM50 gene, which regulates vesicular trafficking for acid secretion in gastric parietal cells. It colocalizes, interacts with, and increases the level of p62/SQSTM1, a multifunctional adaptor protein implicated in various cellular processes including the autophagy clearance of polyubiquitinated protein aggregates. It also promotes the formation and clearance of aggresome-associated polyubiquitinated proteins through the interaction with histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), a tubulin specific deacetylase that regulates microtubule-dependent aggresome formation. TRIM50 can be acetylated by PCAF and p300. TRIM50 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. This subfamily also includes two paralogs of TRIM50, tripartite motif-containing protein 73 (TRIM73), also known as tripartite motif-containing protein 50B (TRIM50B), and tripartite motif-containing protein 74 (TRIM74), also known as tripartite motif-containing protein 50C (TRIM50C), both of which are WBS-related genes encoding proteins that may also act as E3 ligases. In contrast with TRIM50, TRIM73 and TRIM74 belong to the C-V subclass of TRIM family of proteins that are defined by N-terminal RBCC domains only.

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gi 568950044  13 VTCPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRACIT-LHYESnrnpEGEGNCPVCR 59
Cdd:cd16605    1 LLCPICLEVFKEPLMLQCGHSYCKSCLVsLSGEL----DGQLLCPVCR 44

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in BRCA1-associated protein (BRAP2) and similar proteins; BRAP2, also known as impedes mitogenic signal propagation (IMP), RING finger protein 52, or renal carcinoma antigen NY-REN-63, is a novel cytoplasmic protein interacting with the two functional nuclear localization signal (NLS) motifs of BRCA1, a nuclear protein linked to breast cancer. It also binds to the SV40 large T antigen NLS motif and the bipartite NLS motif found in mitosin. BRAP2 serves as a cytoplasmic retention protein and plays a role in the regulation of nuclear protein transport. It contains an N-terminal RNA recognition motif (RRM), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain), followed by a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger and a UBP-type zinc finger.

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gi 568950044  14 TCPICLELLKESVSA----DCNHSFCRACITlhyesnrnPEGEGNCPVCR 59
Cdd:cd16457    2 TCPVCLERMDESVSGiltiLCNHSFHCSCLS--------KWGDSSCPVCR 43

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 166 (RNF166) and similar proteins; RNF166 is encoded by the gene RNF166 targeted by thyroid hormone receptor alpha1 (TRalpha1), which is important in brain development. It plays an important role in RNA virus-induced interferon-beta production by enhancing the ubiquitination of TRAF3 and TRAF6. RNF166, together with three closely related proteins: RNF114, RNF125 and RNF138, forms a novel family of ubiquitin ligases with a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a C2HC-, and two C2H2-type zinc fingers, as well as a ubiquitin interacting motif (UIM).

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gi 568950044  14 TCPICLEL-LKESVSADCNHSFCRACIT--LHYESNrnpegegNCPVCRVPY 62
Cdd:cd16549    3 SCPICLEVyHKPVVITSCGHTFCGECLQpcLQVASP-------LCPLCRMPF 47

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 112 (RNF112) and similar proteins; RNF112, also known as brain finger protein (BFP), zinc finger protein 179 (ZNF179), or neurolastin, is a peripheral membrane protein that is predominantly expressed in the central nervous system and localizes to endosomes. It contains functional GTPase and C3HC4-type RING-HC finger domains and has been identified as a brain-specific dynamin family GTPase that affects endosome size and spine density. Moreover, RNF112 acts as a downstream target of sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) regulation and may play a novel role in neuroprotection by mediating the neuroprotective effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfated analog (DHEAS).

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gi 568950044  11 EEVTCPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRACITLHYESNRNPEGegnCPVCR 59
Cdd:cd16538    1 EPPTCSICLERLREPISLDCGHDFCIRCFSTHRIPGCEPPC---CPECR 46

RING-type zinc-finger; This zinc-finger is a typical RING-type of plant ubiquitin ligases.

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gi 568950044   15 CPICLELLKESVSaDCNHSFCRACItlhYESNRNPEGEGNCP 56
Cdd:pfam13445   1 CPICLELFTDPVL-PCGHTFCRECL---EEMSQKKGGKFKCP 38

B-box-type 2 zinc finger found in tripartite motif-containing proteins, TRIM16, TRIM29, TRIM47 and similar proteins; This family includes a group of tripartite motif-containing proteins, such as TRIM16, TRIM29 and TRIM47. TRIM16, also termed estrogen-responsive B box protein (EBBP), is a regulator that may play a role in the regulation of keratinocyte differentiation. It may also act as a tumor suppressor through affecting cell proliferation and migration or tumorigenicity in carcinogenesis. TRIM29, also termed ataxia telangiectasia group D-associated protein (ATDC), plays a crucial role in the regulation of macrophage activation in response to viral or bacterial infections within the respiratory tract. TRIM47, also known as gene overexpressed in astrocytoma protein (GOA) or RING finger protein 100 (RNF100), plays an important role in the process of dedifferentiation that is associated with astrocytoma tumorigenesis. TRIM16 and TRIM29 belong to an unclassified TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that do not have RING fingers and thus lack the characteristic tripartite (RING (R), B-box, and coiled coil (CC)) RBCC motif. TRIM47 belongs to the C-IV subclass of TRIM family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and two coiled coil domains, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 2 B-box (Bbox2) zinc finger is characterized by a CHC3H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

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gi 568950044  96 CVEHGEKLQLFCKEDMMAICWLCKQsQEHSGHQTALIEE 134
Cdd:cd19769    3 CPIHKKPLELFCRTDQMCICELCAK-EEHRGHDVVTVEE 40

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing proteins TRIM13, TRIM59 and similar proteins; TRIM13 and TRIM59, two closely related tripartite motif-containing proteins, belong to the C-V subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by an N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domain, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, followed by a C-terminal transmembrane domain. TRIM13, also known as B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia tumor suppressor Leu5, leukemia-associated protein 5, putative tumor suppressor RFP2, RING finger protein 77 (RNF77), or Ret finger protein 2, is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane anchored E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with proteins localized to the ER, including valosin-containing protein (VCP), a protein indispensable for ER-associated degradation (ERAD). TRIM59, also known as RING finger protein 104 (RNF104) or tumor suppressor TSBF-1, is a putative E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that functions as a novel multiple cancer biomarker for immunohistochemical detection of early tumorigenesis.

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gi 568950044  11 EEVTCPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRACI-TLHYESNRNPEGEGNCPVCR 59
Cdd:cd16581    1 EELTCSICYNIFDDPKILPCSHTFCKNCLeKLLAASGYYLLASLKCPTCR 50

RING finger, HC subclass, found in midline-1 (MID1) and similar proteins; MID1, also known as midin, midline 1 RING finger protein, putative transcription factor XPRF, RING finger protein 59 (RNF59), or tripartite motif-containing protein 18 (TRIM18), is a microtubule-associated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal differentiation, cell migration and adhesion, and programmed cell death along specific regions of the ventral midline during embryogenesis. It monoubiquinates the alpha4 subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), promoting proteosomal degradation of the catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2Ac) and preventing the A and B subunits from forming an active complex. It promotes allergen and rhinovirus-induced asthma through the inhibition of PP2A activity. It is strongly upregulated in cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) and directs lytic granule exocytosis and cytotoxicity of killer T cells. Loss-of-function mutations in MID1 lead to the human X-linked Opitz G/BBB (XLOS) syndrome characterized by defective midline development during embryogenesis. MID1 belongs to the C-I subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a COS (carboxyl-terminal subgroup one signature) box, a fibronectin type III (FN3) domain, and a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. MID1 hetero-dimerizes in vitro with its paralog MID2.

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gi 568950044   9 IKEEVTCPICLELLKESVSADCNHSFCRAC----ITLHYESNRNPEG--EGNCPVCR 59
Cdd:cd16753    2 LESELTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCahriLVSHCASNESVESitAFQCPTCR 58

RING finger, HC subclass, found in really interesting new gene 1 protein (RING1) and similar proteins; RING1, also known as polycomb complex protein RING1, RING finger protein 1 (RNF1), or RING finger protein 1A (RING1A), was identified as a transcriptional repressor that is associated with the Polycomb group (PcG) protein complex involved in stable repression of gene activity. It is a core component of polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) that functions as an E3-ubuiquitin ligase that transferring the mono-ubuiquitin mark to the C-terminal tail of Histone H2A at K118/K119. PRC1 is also capable of chromatin compaction, a function not requiring histone tails, and this activity appears important in gene silencing. RING1 interacts with multiple PcG proteins and displays tumorigenic activity. It also shows zinc-dependent DNA binding activity. Moreover, RING1 inhibits transactivation of the DNA-binding protein recombination signal binding protein-Jkappa (RBP-J) by Notch through interaction with the LIM domains of KyoT2. RING1 contains a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

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gi 568950044  12 EVTCPICLELLKESVSA-DCNHSFCRACITLHYESnrnpeGEGNCPVCR 59
Cdd:cd16739    3 ELMCPICLDMLKNTMTTkECLHRFCSDCIVTALRS-----GNKECPTCR 46