mitochondrial alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase is a bifunctional lysine ketoglutarate reductase /saccharopine dehydrogenase (LKR/SDH) enzyme that catalyzes the first two steps in lysine degradation
bifunctional lysine ketoglutarate reductase /saccharopine dehydrogenase enzyme; Bifunctional lysine ketoglutarate reductase /saccharopine dehydrogenase protein is a pair of enzymes linked on a single polypeptide chain that catalyze the initial, consecutive steps of lysine degradation. These proteins are related to the 2-domain saccharopine dehydrogenases. Along with formate dehydrogenase and similar enzymes, SDH consists paired domains resembling Rossmann folds in which the NAD-binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the catalytic domain. In this bifunctional enzyme, the LKR domain is N-terminal of the SDH domain. These proteins have a close match to the active site motif of SDHs, and an NAD-binding site motif that is a partial match to that found in SDH and other FDH-related proteins.
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Pssm-ID: 240665 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 433 Bit Score: 777.51 E-value: 0e+00
bifunctional lysine ketoglutarate reductase /saccharopine dehydrogenase enzyme; Bifunctional lysine ketoglutarate reductase /saccharopine dehydrogenase protein is a pair of enzymes linked on a single polypeptide chain that catalyze the initial, consecutive steps of lysine degradation. These proteins are related to the 2-domain saccharopine dehydrogenases. Along with formate dehydrogenase and similar enzymes, SDH consists paired domains resembling Rossmann folds in which the NAD-binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the catalytic domain. In this bifunctional enzyme, the LKR domain is N-terminal of the SDH domain. These proteins have a close match to the active site motif of SDHs, and an NAD-binding site motif that is a partial match to that found in SDH and other FDH-related proteins.
Pssm-ID: 240665 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 433 Bit Score: 777.51 E-value: 0e+00
Saccharopine dehydrogenase C-terminal domain; This family comprises the C-terminal domain of ...
653-967
2.09e-92
Saccharopine dehydrogenase C-terminal domain; This family comprises the C-terminal domain of saccharopine dehydrogenase. In some organizms this enzyme is found as a bifunctional polypeptide with lysine ketoglutarate reductase. The saccharopine dehydrogenase can also function as a saccharopine reductase.
Pssm-ID: 465219 Cd Length: 255 Bit Score: 293.81 E-value: 2.09e-92
Saccharopine dehydrogenase, NADP-dependent [Amino acid transport and metabolism]; Saccharopine ...
576-969
1.26e-61
Saccharopine dehydrogenase, NADP-dependent [Amino acid transport and metabolism]; Saccharopine dehydrogenase, NADP-dependent is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Lysine biosynthesis
Pssm-ID: 441354 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 352 Bit Score: 213.55 E-value: 1.26e-61
phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase (PCBER) like, atypical (a) SDRs; PCBER and pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductases are NADPH-dependent aromatic alcohol reductases, and are atypical members of the SDR family. Other proteins in this subgroup are identified as eugenol synthase. These proteins contain an N-terminus characteristic of NAD(P)-binding proteins and a small C-terminal domain presumed to be involved in substrate binding, but they do not have the conserved active site Tyr residue typically found in SDRs. Numerous other members have unknown functions. The glycine rich NADP-binding motif in this subgroup is of 2 forms: GXGXXG and G[GA]XGXXG; it tends to be atypical compared with the forms generally seen in classical or extended SDRs. The usual SDR active site tetrad is not present, but a critical active site Lys at the usual SDR position has been identified in various members, though other charged and polar residues are found at this position in this subgroup. Atypical SDR-related proteins retain the Rossmann fold of the SDRs, but have limited sequence identity and generally lack the catalytic properties of the archetypical members. Atypical SDRs include biliverdin IX beta reductase (BVR-B,aka flavin reductase), NMRa (a negative transcriptional regulator of various fungi), progesterone 5-beta-reductase like proteins, phenylcoumaran benzylic ether and pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductases, phenylpropene synthases, eugenol synthase, triphenylmethane reductase, isoflavone reductases, and others. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold, an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes is typically in the 15-30% range; they catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser and/or an Asn, contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. In addition to the Rossmann fold core region typical of all SDRs, extended SDRs have a less conserved C-terminal extension of approximately 100 amino acids, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif.
Pssm-ID: 187569 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 282 Bit Score: 39.59 E-value: 6.89e-03
bifunctional lysine ketoglutarate reductase /saccharopine dehydrogenase enzyme; Bifunctional lysine ketoglutarate reductase /saccharopine dehydrogenase protein is a pair of enzymes linked on a single polypeptide chain that catalyze the initial, consecutive steps of lysine degradation. These proteins are related to the 2-domain saccharopine dehydrogenases. Along with formate dehydrogenase and similar enzymes, SDH consists paired domains resembling Rossmann folds in which the NAD-binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the catalytic domain. In this bifunctional enzyme, the LKR domain is N-terminal of the SDH domain. These proteins have a close match to the active site motif of SDHs, and an NAD-binding site motif that is a partial match to that found in SDH and other FDH-related proteins.
Pssm-ID: 240665 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 433 Bit Score: 777.51 E-value: 0e+00
Saccharopine dehydrogenase C-terminal domain; This family comprises the C-terminal domain of ...
653-967
2.09e-92
Saccharopine dehydrogenase C-terminal domain; This family comprises the C-terminal domain of saccharopine dehydrogenase. In some organizms this enzyme is found as a bifunctional polypeptide with lysine ketoglutarate reductase. The saccharopine dehydrogenase can also function as a saccharopine reductase.
Pssm-ID: 465219 Cd Length: 255 Bit Score: 293.81 E-value: 2.09e-92
Saccharopine Dehydrogenase like proteins; Saccharopine Dehydrogenase (SDH) and related ...
76-475
7.92e-89
Saccharopine Dehydrogenase like proteins; Saccharopine Dehydrogenase (SDH) and related proteins, including bifunctional lysine ketoglutarate reductase/SDH enzymes and N(5)-(carboxyethyl)ornithine synthases. SDH catalyzes the final step in the reversible NAD-dependent oxidative deamination of saccharopine to alpha-ketoglutarate and lysine, in the alpha-aminoadipate pathway of L-lysine biosynthesis. SDH is structurally related to formate dehydrogenase and similar enzymes, having a 2-domain structure in which a Rossmann-fold NAD(P)-binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of a catalytic domain of related structure. Bifunctional lysine ketoglutarate reductase/SDH protein is a pair of enzymes linked on a single polypeptide chain that catalyze the initial, consecutive steps of lysine degradation. These proteins are related to the 2-domain saccharopine dehydrogenases.
Pssm-ID: 240623 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 319 Bit Score: 286.82 E-value: 7.92e-89
Saccharopine dehydrogenase, NADP-dependent [Amino acid transport and metabolism]; Saccharopine ...
576-969
1.26e-61
Saccharopine dehydrogenase, NADP-dependent [Amino acid transport and metabolism]; Saccharopine dehydrogenase, NADP-dependent is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Lysine biosynthesis
Pssm-ID: 441354 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 352 Bit Score: 213.55 E-value: 1.26e-61
Saccharopine Dehydrogenase NAD-binding and catalytic domains; Saccharopine Dehydrogenase (SDH) ...
81-476
7.64e-29
Saccharopine Dehydrogenase NAD-binding and catalytic domains; Saccharopine Dehydrogenase (SDH) catalyzes the final step in the reversible NAD-dependent oxidative deamination of saccharopine to alpha-ketoglutarate and lysine, in the alpha-aminoadipate pathway of L-lysine biosynthesis. SHD is structurally related to formate dehydrogenase and similar enzymes, having a 2-domain structure in which a Rossmann-fold NAD(P)-binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of a catalytic domain of related structure.
Pssm-ID: 240664 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 351 Bit Score: 118.87 E-value: 7.64e-29
Saccharopine dehydrogenase NADP binding domain; This family contains the NADP binding domain ...
534-649
1.68e-25
Saccharopine dehydrogenase NADP binding domain; This family contains the NADP binding domain of saccharopine dehydrogenase. In some organizms this enzyme is found as a bifunctional polypeptide with lysine ketoglutarate reductase. The saccharopine dehydrogenase can also function as a saccharopine reductase.
Pssm-ID: 397480 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 120 Bit Score: 102.28 E-value: 1.68e-25
Alanine dehydrogenase and related dehydrogenases; Alanine dehydrogenase/Transhydrogenase, such ...
88-478
6.16e-12
Alanine dehydrogenase and related dehydrogenases; Alanine dehydrogenase/Transhydrogenase, such as the hexameric L-alanine dehydrogenase of Phormidium lapideum, contain 2 Rossmann fold-like domains linked by an alpha helical region. Related proteins include Saccharopine Dehydrogenase (SDH), bifunctional lysine ketoglutarate reductase /saccharopine dehydrogenase enzyme, N(5)-(carboxyethyl)ornithine synthase, and Rubrum transdehydrogenase. Alanine dehydrogenase (L-AlaDH) catalyzes the NAD-dependent conversion of pyrucate to L-alanine via reductive amination. Transhydrogenases found in bacterial and inner mitochondrial membranes link NAD(P)(H)-dependent redox reactions to proton translocation. The energy of the proton electrochemical gradient (delta-p), generated by the respiratory electron transport chain, is consumed by transhydrogenase in NAD(P)+ reduction. Transhydrogenase is likely involved in the regulation of the citric acid cycle. Rubrum transhydrogenase has 3 components, dI, dII, and dIII. dII spans the membrane while dI and dIII protrude on the cytoplasmic/matirx side. DI contains 2 domains with Rossmann folds, linked by a long alpha helix, and contains a NAD binding site. Two dI polypeptides (represented in this sub-family) spontaneously form a heterotrimer with one dIII in the absence of dII. In the heterotrimer, both dI chains may bind NAD, but only one is well-ordered. dIII also binds a well-ordered NADP, but in a different orientation than classical Rossmann domains.
Pssm-ID: 240621 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 317 Bit Score: 67.82 E-value: 6.16e-12
N(5)-(carboxyethyl)ornithine synthase; N(5)-(carboxyethyl)ornithine synthase (ceo_syn) catalyzes the NADP-dependent conversion of N5-(L-1-carboxyethyl)-L-ornithine to L-ornithine + pyruvate. Ornithine plays a key role in the urea cycle, which in mammals is used in arginine biosynthesis, and is a precursor in polyamine synthesis. ceo_syn is related to the NAD-dependent L-alanine dehydrogenases. Like formate dehydrogenase and related enzymes, ceo_syn is comprised of 2 domains connected by a long alpha helical stretch, each resembling a Rossmann fold NAD-binding domain. The NAD-binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the more divergent catalytic domain. These ceo_syn proteins have a partially conserved NAD-binding motif and active site residues that are characteristic of related enzymes such as Saccharopine Dehydrogenase.
Pssm-ID: 240658 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 295 Bit Score: 56.47 E-value: 2.94e-08
Rubrum transdehydrogenase NAD-binding and catalytic domains; Transhydrogenases found in ...
88-149
1.27e-04
Rubrum transdehydrogenase NAD-binding and catalytic domains; Transhydrogenases found in bacterial and inner mitochondrial membranes link NAD(P)(H)-dependent redox reactions to proton translocation. The energy of the proton electrochemical gradient (delta-p), generated by the respiratory electron transport chain, is consumed by transhydrogenase in NAD(P)+ reduction. Transhydrogenase is likely involved in the regulation of the citric acid cycle. Rubrum transhydrogenase has 3 components, dI, dII, and dIII. dII spans the membrane while dI and dIII protrude on the cytoplasmic/matrix side. DI contains 2 domains in Rossmann-like folds, linked by a long alpha helix, and contains a NAD binding site. Two dI polypeptides (represented in this sub-family) spontaneously form a heterotrimer with dIII in the absence of dII. In the heterotrimer, both dI chains may bind NAD, but only one is well-ordered. dIII also binds a well-ordered NADP, but in a different orientation than a classical Rossmann domain.
Pssm-ID: 240629 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 363 Bit Score: 45.47 E-value: 1.27e-04
Alanine dehydrogenase NAD-binding and catalytic domains; Alanine dehydrogenase (L-AlaDH) ...
88-195
2.57e-03
Alanine dehydrogenase NAD-binding and catalytic domains; Alanine dehydrogenase (L-AlaDH) catalyzes the NAD-dependent conversion of pyruvate to L-alanine via reductive amination. Like formate dehydrogenase and related enzymes, L-AlaDH is comprised of 2 domains connected by a long alpha helical stretch, each resembling a Rossmann fold NAD-binding domain. The NAD-binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the more divergent catalytic domain. Ligand binding and active site residues are found in the cleft between the subdomains. L-AlaDH is typically hexameric and is critical in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in micro-organisms.
Pssm-ID: 240630 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 359 Bit Score: 41.24 E-value: 2.57e-03
phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase (PCBER) like, atypical (a) SDRs; PCBER and pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductases are NADPH-dependent aromatic alcohol reductases, and are atypical members of the SDR family. Other proteins in this subgroup are identified as eugenol synthase. These proteins contain an N-terminus characteristic of NAD(P)-binding proteins and a small C-terminal domain presumed to be involved in substrate binding, but they do not have the conserved active site Tyr residue typically found in SDRs. Numerous other members have unknown functions. The glycine rich NADP-binding motif in this subgroup is of 2 forms: GXGXXG and G[GA]XGXXG; it tends to be atypical compared with the forms generally seen in classical or extended SDRs. The usual SDR active site tetrad is not present, but a critical active site Lys at the usual SDR position has been identified in various members, though other charged and polar residues are found at this position in this subgroup. Atypical SDR-related proteins retain the Rossmann fold of the SDRs, but have limited sequence identity and generally lack the catalytic properties of the archetypical members. Atypical SDRs include biliverdin IX beta reductase (BVR-B,aka flavin reductase), NMRa (a negative transcriptional regulator of various fungi), progesterone 5-beta-reductase like proteins, phenylcoumaran benzylic ether and pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductases, phenylpropene synthases, eugenol synthase, triphenylmethane reductase, isoflavone reductases, and others. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold, an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes is typically in the 15-30% range; they catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser and/or an Asn, contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. In addition to the Rossmann fold core region typical of all SDRs, extended SDRs have a less conserved C-terminal extension of approximately 100 amino acids, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif.
Pssm-ID: 187569 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 282 Bit Score: 39.59 E-value: 6.89e-03
Database: CDSEARCH/cdd Low complexity filter: no Composition Based Adjustment: yes E-value threshold: 0.01
References:
Wang J et al. (2023), "The conserved domain database in 2023", Nucleic Acids Res.51(D)384-8.
Lu S et al. (2020), "The conserved domain database in 2020", Nucleic Acids Res.48(D)265-8.
Marchler-Bauer A et al. (2017), "CDD/SPARCLE: functional classification of proteins via subfamily domain architectures.", Nucleic Acids Res.45(D)200-3.
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