brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 2, a group VII adhesion GPCR, member of the class B2 family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitors (BAI1-3) constitute the group VII of cell-adhesion receptors that have been implicated in vascularization of glioblastomas. They belong to the B2 subfamily of class B GPCRs, are predominantly expressed in the brain, and are only present in vertebrates. Three BAIs, like all adhesion receptors, are characterized by the presence of large N-terminal extracellular domains containing multiple adhesion motifs, which play critical roles in cell-cell adhesion and cell-matrix interactions, that are coupled to a class B seven-transmembrane domain. For example, BAI1 N-terminus contain an integrin-binding RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) motif in addition to five thrombospondin type 1 repeats (TSRs), which are known to regulate the anti-angiogenic activity of thrombospondin-1, whereas BAI2 and BAI3 have four TSRs, but do not possess RGD motifs. The TSRs are functionally involved in cell attachment, activation of latent TGF-beta, inhibition of angiogenesis and endothelial cell migration. The TSRs of BAI1 mediates direct binding to phosphatidylserine, which enables both recognition and internalization of apoptotic cells by phagocytes. Thus, BAI1 functions as a phosphatidylserine receptor that forms a trimeric complex with ELMO and Dock180, leading to activation of Rac-GTPase which promotes the binding and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. BAI3 can also interact with the ELMO-Dock180 complex to activate the Rac pathway and can also bind to secreted C1ql proteins of the C1Q complement family via its N-terminal TSRs. BAI3 and its ligands C1QL1 are highly expressed during synaptogenesis and are involved in synapse specificity. Moreover, BAI2 acts as a transcription repressor to regulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression through interaction with GA-binding protein gamma (GABP). The N-terminal extracellular domains of all three BAIs also contain an evolutionarily conserved GPCR-autoproteolysis inducing (GAIN) domain, which undergoes autoproteolytic processing at the GPCR proteolysis site (GPS) motif to generate N- and C-terminal fragments (NTF and CTF), a putative hormone-binding domain (HBD), and multiple N-glycosylation sites. The C-terminus of each BAI subtype ends with a conserved Gln-Thr-Glu-Val (QTEV) motif known to interact with PDZ domain-containing proteins, but only BAI1 possesses a proline-rich region, which may be involved in protein-protein interactions.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229  868 AGAPSVPLVIGCAVSCMALLTLLAIYAAFWRFIKSERSIILLNFCLSILASNILILVGQSRVLSKGVCTMTAAFLHFFFL 947
Cdd:cd15988     1 TGSPSVPLMIGCAVSCMALLILLAIYAAFWRFIRSERSIILLNFCLSILASNILILVGQSQTLSKGVCTMTAAFLHFFFL 80

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229  948 SSFCWVLTEAWQSYLAVIGRMRTRLVRKRFLCLGWGLPALVVAVSVGFTRTKGYGTSSYCWLSLEGGLLYAFVGPAAVIV 1027
Cdd:cd15988    81 SSFCWVLTEAWQSYLAVIGRMRTRLVRKRFLCLGWGLPALVVAVSVGFTRTKGYGTASYCWLSLEGGLLYAFVGPAAVIV 160

                         170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229 1028 LVNMLIGIIVFNKLMARDGVSDKSKKQRAGSERCPWASLLLPCSACGAVPSPLLSSASARNAMASLWSSCVVLPLLALTW 1107
Cdd:cd15988   161 LVNMLIGIIVFNKLMSRDGISDKSKKQRAGSEAEPCSSLLLKCSKCGVVSSAAMSSATASSAMASLWSSCVVLPLLALTW 240

                         250       260       270       280       290
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 314122229 1108 MSAVLAMTDRRSVLFQALFAVFNSAQGFVITAVHCFLRREVQDVVKCQMGV 1158
Cdd:cd15988   241 MSAVLAMTDRRSILFQVLFAVFNSVQGFVIITVHCFLRREVQDVVKCQMGG 291

GPCR-Autoproteolysis INducing (GAIN) domain; The GAIN a domain of alpha-helices and beta-strands that is found in cell-adhesion GPCRs and precedes the GPS motif where the autoproteolysis occurs, family, pfam01825. The full GAIN domain, comprises the GPS and the GAIN, in cell-adhesion GPCRs, and is the functional unit for autoproteolysis. The GPS motif at the end of the GAIN domain is an ancient domain that exists in primitive ancestor organizms, and the full GAIN + GPS is conserved in all cell-adhesion GPCRs and all PKD1-related proteins.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229   550 GMSQVVRSLQELLARRTYYSGDLLFSVDILRNVTDTFKRATYVPSADDVQRFFQVVSFMVDSENKDKWDDAQQVSPGSVH 629
Cdd:pfam16489    1 GAKELARELRNATRHGPLYGGDVLTAVELLSQLFDLLATQDATLSNAFLENFVQTVSNLLDPENRESWEDLQQTERGTAA 80

                           90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229   630 --LLRVVEDFIHLVGDALKAFQSSLIVTDNLVISIQRE--PISAVSSDITFPMRGRRGmkdwvrHSEDRLFLPKEVLSLS 705
Cdd:pfam16489   81 tkLLRTLEEYALLLAQNMKYLTPFTIVTPNIVLSVDRLdtHNFKGARFPRFPMKGERP------KDEDSVKLPPKAFKPP 154

G-protein-coupled receptor proteolytic site domain; Present in latrophilin/CL-1, sea urchin REJ and polycystin.

                            10        20        30        40        50
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 314122229    809 TDPHCASWDYSRadtnsGDWNTESCQTLETQAAHTRCQCQHLSTFAVLAQPPKD 862
Cdd:smart00303    1 FNPICVFWDESS-----GEWSTRGCELLETNGTHTTCSCNHLTTFAVLMDVPPI 49

Thrombospondin type 1 repeats; Type 1 repeats in thrombospondin-1 bind and activate TGF-beta.

                            10        20        30        40        50
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 314122229    358 WLEWGPWGPCSSSCANGTQQRSRKCSVAGPAW--ATCAGALTDTRECSNLDCP 408
Cdd:smart00209    1 WSEWSEWSPCSVTCGGGVQTRTRSCCSPPPQNggGPCTGEDVETRACNEQPCP 53

brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 2, a group VII adhesion GPCR, member of the class B2 family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitors (BAI1-3) constitute the group VII of cell-adhesion receptors that have been implicated in vascularization of glioblastomas. They belong to the B2 subfamily of class B GPCRs, are predominantly expressed in the brain, and are only present in vertebrates. Three BAIs, like all adhesion receptors, are characterized by the presence of large N-terminal extracellular domains containing multiple adhesion motifs, which play critical roles in cell-cell adhesion and cell-matrix interactions, that are coupled to a class B seven-transmembrane domain. For example, BAI1 N-terminus contain an integrin-binding RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) motif in addition to five thrombospondin type 1 repeats (TSRs), which are known to regulate the anti-angiogenic activity of thrombospondin-1, whereas BAI2 and BAI3 have four TSRs, but do not possess RGD motifs. The TSRs are functionally involved in cell attachment, activation of latent TGF-beta, inhibition of angiogenesis and endothelial cell migration. The TSRs of BAI1 mediates direct binding to phosphatidylserine, which enables both recognition and internalization of apoptotic cells by phagocytes. Thus, BAI1 functions as a phosphatidylserine receptor that forms a trimeric complex with ELMO and Dock180, leading to activation of Rac-GTPase which promotes the binding and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. BAI3 can also interact with the ELMO-Dock180 complex to activate the Rac pathway and can also bind to secreted C1ql proteins of the C1Q complement family via its N-terminal TSRs. BAI3 and its ligands C1QL1 are highly expressed during synaptogenesis and are involved in synapse specificity. Moreover, BAI2 acts as a transcription repressor to regulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression through interaction with GA-binding protein gamma (GABP). The N-terminal extracellular domains of all three BAIs also contain an evolutionarily conserved GPCR-autoproteolysis inducing (GAIN) domain, which undergoes autoproteolytic processing at the GPCR proteolysis site (GPS) motif to generate N- and C-terminal fragments (NTF and CTF), a putative hormone-binding domain (HBD), and multiple N-glycosylation sites. The C-terminus of each BAI subtype ends with a conserved Gln-Thr-Glu-Val (QTEV) motif known to interact with PDZ domain-containing proteins, but only BAI1 possesses a proline-rich region, which may be involved in protein-protein interactions.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229  868 AGAPSVPLVIGCAVSCMALLTLLAIYAAFWRFIKSERSIILLNFCLSILASNILILVGQSRVLSKGVCTMTAAFLHFFFL 947
Cdd:cd15988     1 TGSPSVPLMIGCAVSCMALLILLAIYAAFWRFIRSERSIILLNFCLSILASNILILVGQSQTLSKGVCTMTAAFLHFFFL 80

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229  948 SSFCWVLTEAWQSYLAVIGRMRTRLVRKRFLCLGWGLPALVVAVSVGFTRTKGYGTSSYCWLSLEGGLLYAFVGPAAVIV 1027
Cdd:cd15988    81 SSFCWVLTEAWQSYLAVIGRMRTRLVRKRFLCLGWGLPALVVAVSVGFTRTKGYGTASYCWLSLEGGLLYAFVGPAAVIV 160

                         170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229 1028 LVNMLIGIIVFNKLMARDGVSDKSKKQRAGSERCPWASLLLPCSACGAVPSPLLSSASARNAMASLWSSCVVLPLLALTW 1107
Cdd:cd15988   161 LVNMLIGIIVFNKLMSRDGISDKSKKQRAGSEAEPCSSLLLKCSKCGVVSSAAMSSATASSAMASLWSSCVVLPLLALTW 240

                         250       260       270       280       290
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 314122229 1108 MSAVLAMTDRRSVLFQALFAVFNSAQGFVITAVHCFLRREVQDVVKCQMGV 1158
Cdd:cd15988   241 MSAVLAMTDRRSILFQVLFAVFNSVQGFVIITVHCFLRREVQDVVKCQMGG 291

7 transmembrane receptor (Secretin family); This family is known as Family B, the secretin-receptor family or family 2 of the G-protein-coupled receptors (GCPRs). They have been described in many animal species, but not in plants, fungi or prokaryotes. Three distinct sub-families are recognized. Subfamily B1 contains classical hormone receptors, such as receptors for secretin and glucagon, that are all involved in cAMP-mediated signalling pathways. Subfamily B2 contains receptors with long extracellular N-termini, such as the leukocyte cell-surface antigen CD97; calcium-independent receptors for latrotoxin, and brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitors amongst others. Subfamily B3 includes Methuselah and other Drosophila proteins. Other than the typical seven-transmembrane region, characteriztic structural features include an amino-terminal extracellular domain involved in ligand binding, and an intracellular loop (IC3) required for specific G-protein coupling.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229   868 AGAPSVPLVIGCAVSCMALLTLLAIYAAFwRFIKSERSIILLNFCLSILASNILILVGQSRVLSKG--------VCTMTA 939
Cdd:pfam00002    1 ALSLKVIYTVGYSLSLVALLLAIAIFLLF-RKLHCTRNYIHLNLFASFILRALLFLVGDAVLFNKQdldhcswvGCKVVA 79

                           90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229   940 AFLHFFFLSSFCWVLTEAWQSYLA-VIGRMRTRLVRKRFLCLGWGLPALVVAVSVGFTrTKGYGTSSYCWLSLEGGLLYA 1018
Cdd:pfam00002   80 VFLHYFFLANFFWMLVEGLYLYTLlVEVFFSERKYFWWYLLIGWGVPALVVGIWAGVD-PKGYGEDDGCWLSNENGLWWI 158

                          170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229  1019 FVGPAAVIVLVNMLIGIIVFNKLMARDGVSDKSKKQRagsercpwaslllpcsacgavpspllssasaRNAMASLWSSCV 1098
Cdd:pfam00002  159 IRGPILLIILVNFIIFINIVRILVQKLRETNMGKSDL-------------------------------KQYRRLAKSTLL 207

                          250       260       270       280
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 314122229  1099 VLPLLALTWMSAVLAMTDRR--SVLFQALFAVFNSAQGFVI 1137
Cdd:pfam00002  208 LLPLLGITWVFGLFAFNPENtlRVVFLYLFLILNSFQGFFV 248

Thrombospondin type 1 repeats; Type 1 repeats in thrombospondin-1 bind and activate TGF-beta.

                            10        20        30        40        50
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 314122229    303 WEEWGSWSLCSRSCGRGSRSRMRTCV--PPQHGGKACEGPELQTKLCSMAACP 353
Cdd:smart00209    1 WSEWSEWSPCSVTCGGGVQTRTRSCCspPPQNGGGPCTGEDVETRACNEQPCP 53

GPCR proteolysis site, GPS, motif; The GPS motif is found in GPCRs, and is the site for auto-proteolysis, so is thus named, GPS. The GPS motif is a conserved sequence of ~40 amino acids containing canonical cysteine and tryptophan residues, and is the most highly conserved part of the domain. In most, if not all, cell-adhesion GPCRs these undergo autoproteolysis in the GPS between a conserved aliphatic residue (usually a leucine) and a threonine, serine, or cysteine residue. In higher eukaryotes this motif is found embedded in the C-terminal beta-stranded part of a GAIN domain - GPCR-Autoproteolysis INducing (GAIN). The GAIN-GPS domain adopts a fold in which the GPS motif, at the C-terminus, forms five beta-strands that are tightly integrated into the overall GAIN domain. The GPS motif, evolutionarily conserved from tetrahymena to mammals, is the only extracellular domain shared by all human cell-adhesion GPCRs and PKD proteins, and is the locus of multiple human disease mutations. The GAIN-GPS domain is both necessary and sufficient functionally for autoproteolysis, suggesting an autoproteolytic mechanism whereby the overall GAIN domain fine-tunes the chemical environment in the GPS to catalyze peptide bond hydrolysis. In the cell-adhesion GPCRs and PKD proteins, the GPS motif is always located at the end of their long N-terminal extracellular regions, immediately before the first transmembrane helix of the respective protein.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 314122229   811 PHCASWDYSraDTNSGDWNTESCQTLETQAAHTRCQCQHLSTFAVL 856
Cdd:pfam01825    1 PQCVFWDFT--NSTTGRWSTEGCTTVSLNDTHTVCSCNHLTSFAVL 44

Spondin-like TSP1 domain; This entry represents a sub-type of TSP1 domains that have an alternative disulphide binding pattern compared to the canonical TSP1 domain.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 314122229   305 EWGSWSLCSRSCGRGSRSRMRT-CVPPQHGGKACeGPELQTKLCSMAAC 352
Cdd:pfam19028    5 EWSEWSECSVTCGGGVQTRTRTvIVEPQNGGRPC-PELLERRPCNLPPC 52

Domain present in hormone receptors;

                            10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 314122229    467 HEMCRDEYVMLMTWKRAAAGEIIYNKCPPNASG-----SASRRCLLSAQgvayWGL--PSFARCISHEYRYL 531
Cdd:smart00008    2 DLGCPATWDGIICWPQTPAGQLVEVPCPKYFSGfsyktGASRNCTENGG----WSPpfPNYSNCTSNDYEEL 69

Thrombospondin type 1 domain;

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 314122229   415 GPWNAWSLCSKTCDTGWQRRFRMCQASGTQGYPCEGTGEEVKPCSEKRC 463
Cdd:pfam00090    1 SPWSPWSPCSVTCGKGIQVRQRTCKSPFPGGEPCTGDDIETQACKMDKC 49

Hormone receptor domain; This extracellular domain contains four conserved cysteines that probably for disulphide bridges. The domain is found in a variety of hormone receptors. It may be a ligand binding domain.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 314122229   467 HEMCRDEYVMLMTWKRAAAGEIIYNKCPPNAS-----GSASRRCLLSAQgvayWGLPS---FARCISH 526
Cdd:pfam02793    1 GLGCPRTWDGILCWPRTPAGETVEVPCPDYFSgfdprGNASRNCTEDGT----WSEHPpsnYSNCTSN 64

brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 2, a group VII adhesion GPCR, member of the class B2 family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitors (BAI1-3) constitute the group VII of cell-adhesion receptors that have been implicated in vascularization of glioblastomas. They belong to the B2 subfamily of class B GPCRs, are predominantly expressed in the brain, and are only present in vertebrates. Three BAIs, like all adhesion receptors, are characterized by the presence of large N-terminal extracellular domains containing multiple adhesion motifs, which play critical roles in cell-cell adhesion and cell-matrix interactions, that are coupled to a class B seven-transmembrane domain. For example, BAI1 N-terminus contain an integrin-binding RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) motif in addition to five thrombospondin type 1 repeats (TSRs), which are known to regulate the anti-angiogenic activity of thrombospondin-1, whereas BAI2 and BAI3 have four TSRs, but do not possess RGD motifs. The TSRs are functionally involved in cell attachment, activation of latent TGF-beta, inhibition of angiogenesis and endothelial cell migration. The TSRs of BAI1 mediates direct binding to phosphatidylserine, which enables both recognition and internalization of apoptotic cells by phagocytes. Thus, BAI1 functions as a phosphatidylserine receptor that forms a trimeric complex with ELMO and Dock180, leading to activation of Rac-GTPase which promotes the binding and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. BAI3 can also interact with the ELMO-Dock180 complex to activate the Rac pathway and can also bind to secreted C1ql proteins of the C1Q complement family via its N-terminal TSRs. BAI3 and its ligands C1QL1 are highly expressed during synaptogenesis and are involved in synapse specificity. Moreover, BAI2 acts as a transcription repressor to regulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression through interaction with GA-binding protein gamma (GABP). The N-terminal extracellular domains of all three BAIs also contain an evolutionarily conserved GPCR-autoproteolysis inducing (GAIN) domain, which undergoes autoproteolytic processing at the GPCR proteolysis site (GPS) motif to generate N- and C-terminal fragments (NTF and CTF), a putative hormone-binding domain (HBD), and multiple N-glycosylation sites. The C-terminus of each BAI subtype ends with a conserved Gln-Thr-Glu-Val (QTEV) motif known to interact with PDZ domain-containing proteins, but only BAI1 possesses a proline-rich region, which may be involved in protein-protein interactions.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229  868 AGAPSVPLVIGCAVSCMALLTLLAIYAAFWRFIKSERSIILLNFCLSILASNILILVGQSRVLSKGVCTMTAAFLHFFFL 947
Cdd:cd15988     1 TGSPSVPLMIGCAVSCMALLILLAIYAAFWRFIRSERSIILLNFCLSILASNILILVGQSQTLSKGVCTMTAAFLHFFFL 80

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229  948 SSFCWVLTEAWQSYLAVIGRMRTRLVRKRFLCLGWGLPALVVAVSVGFTRTKGYGTSSYCWLSLEGGLLYAFVGPAAVIV 1027
Cdd:cd15988    81 SSFCWVLTEAWQSYLAVIGRMRTRLVRKRFLCLGWGLPALVVAVSVGFTRTKGYGTASYCWLSLEGGLLYAFVGPAAVIV 160

                         170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229 1028 LVNMLIGIIVFNKLMARDGVSDKSKKQRAGSERCPWASLLLPCSACGAVPSPLLSSASARNAMASLWSSCVVLPLLALTW 1107
Cdd:cd15988   161 LVNMLIGIIVFNKLMSRDGISDKSKKQRAGSEAEPCSSLLLKCSKCGVVSSAAMSSATASSAMASLWSSCVVLPLLALTW 240

                         250       260       270       280       290
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 314122229 1108 MSAVLAMTDRRSVLFQALFAVFNSAQGFVITAVHCFLRREVQDVVKCQMGV 1158
Cdd:cd15988   241 MSAVLAMTDRRSILFQVLFAVFNSVQGFVIITVHCFLRREVQDVVKCQMGG 291

brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 3, a group VII adhesion GPCR, member of the class B2 family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitors (BAI1-3) constitute the group VII of cell-adhesion receptors that have been implicated in vascularization of glioblastomas. They belong to the B2 subfamily of class B GPCRs, are predominantly expressed in the brain, and are only present in vertebrates. Three BAIs, like all adhesion receptors, are characterized by the presence of large N-terminal extracellular domains containing multiple adhesion motifs, which play critical roles in cell-cell adhesion and cell-matrix interactions, that are coupled to a class B seven-transmembrane domain. For example, BAI1 N-terminus contain an integrin-binding RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) motif in addition to five thrombospondin type 1 repeats (TSRs), which are known to regulate the anti-angiogenic activity of thrombospondin-1, whereas BAI2 and BAI3 have four TSRs, but do not possess RGD motifs. The TSRs are functionally involved in cell attachment, activation of latent TGF-beta, inhibition of angiogenesis and endothelial cell migration. The TSRs of BAI1 mediates direct binding to phosphatidylserine, which enables both recognition and internalization of apoptotic cells by phagocytes. Thus, BAI1 functions as a phosphatidylserine receptor that forms a trimeric complex with ELMO and Dock180, leading to activation of Rac-GTPase which promotes the binding and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. BAI3 can also interact with the ELMO-Dock180 complex to activate the Rac pathway and can also bind to secreted C1ql proteins of the C1Q complement family via its N-terminal TSRs. BAI3 and its ligands C1QL1 are highly expressed during synaptogenesis and are involved in synapse specificity. Moreover, BAI2 acts as a transcription repressor to regulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression through interaction with GA-binding protein gamma (GABP). The N-terminal extracellular domains of all three BAIs also contain an evolutionarily conserved GPCR-autoproteolysis inducing (GAIN) domain, which undergoes autoproteolytic processing at the GPCR proteolysis site (GPS) motif to generate N- and C-terminal fragments (NTF and CTF), a putative hormone-binding domain (HBD), and multiple N-glycosylation sites. The C-terminus of each BAI subtype ends with a conserved Gln-Thr-Glu-Val (QTEV) motif known to interact with PDZ domain-containing proteins, but only BAI1 possesses a proline-rich region, which may be involved in protein-protein interactions.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229  866 ELAGAPSVPLVIGCAVSCMALLTLLAIYAAFWRFIKSERSIILLNFCLSILASNILILVGQSRVLSKGVCTMTAAFLHFF 945
Cdd:cd15989     1 ESSGTPSVTLIVGCGLSCLALITLAVVYAALWRYIRSERSIILINFCLSIISSNILILVGQTQTHNKGICTMTTAFLHFF 80

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229  946 FLSSFCWVLTEAWQSYLAVIGRMRTRLVRKRFLCLGWGLPALVVAVSVGFTRTKGYGTSSYCWLSLEGGLLYAFVGPAAV 1025
Cdd:cd15989    81 FLASFCWVLTEAWQSYMAVTGKIRTRLIRKRFLCLGWGLPALVVAISMGFTKAKGYGTPHYCWLSLEGGLLYAFVGPAAA 160

                         170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229 1026 IVLVNMLIGIIVFNKLMARDGVSDKSKKQRAGSERCPWASLLLPCSACGAVPSPLLSSASARNAMASLWSSCVVLPLLAL 1105
Cdd:cd15989   161 VVLVNMVIGILVFNKLVSRDGILDKKLKHRAGQMSEPHSGLTLKCAKCGVVSTTALSATTASNAMASLWSSCVVLPLLAL 240

                         250       260       270       280       290
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 314122229 1106 TWMSAVLAMTDRRSVLFQALFAVFNSAQGFVITAVHCFLRREVQDVVKCQM 1156
Cdd:cd15989   241 TWMSAVLAMTDKRSILFQILFAVFDSLQGFVIVMVHCILRREVQDAFRCRL 291

Adhesion GPCR B N-terminal region; This region is found at the N-terminus of various adhesion G-protein coupled receptor B proteins. This region contains 10 cysteine residues that probably form disulphide bonds.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229    26 SACSALASGVLYGAFSLQDLFPTIASGCSWTLENPDPTKYSLYLRFNRQEQVCTHFAPRLLPLDHYLVNFTclrpgpeea 105
Cdd:pfam19188    1 DPCSTLVQGVLYGSFSLRDLFPTNASGCSWTLENPDPTKYTLYLKFTKPTQSCLPFSPRLLQFDHYLENTT--------- 71

                           90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229   106 taraESEVGRPeeeeeeaaAAASGLELCGGSGPFTFLHFDKNFVQLCLSAEPSEAPRLLAPAALAFRFVEVLLINNNNSS 185
Cdd:pfam19188   72 ----RTYLGRE--------SFDEVVELCDASSPFSFLEFDKNFVQLCLLAEPRGDPESVVPGPSGDFKVEVLVINNENPS 139

                          170       180       190
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 314122229   186 QFTCGVLCRWSEECGRAA--GRACGFAQPGCSCPGEAG 221
Cdd:pfam19188  140 QFTCGVLCRWLEECLSAStsSRPCGIMQTPCICPGTVP 177

adhesion receptors, subfamily B2 of the class B family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The B2 subfamily of class B GPCRs consists of cell-adhesion receptors with 33 members in humans and vertebrates. The adhesion receptors are characterized by the presence of large N-terminal extracellular domains containing a variety of structural motifs, which play critical roles in cell-cell adhesion and cell-matrix interactions, linked to a class B seven-transmembrane domain. These include, for example, EGF (epidermal growth factor)-like domains in CD97, Celsr1 (cadherin family member), Celsr2, Celsr3, EMR1 (EGF-module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 1), EMR2, EMR3, and Flamingo; two laminin A G-type repeats and nine cadherin domains in Flamingo and its human orthologs Celsr1, Celsr2 and Celsr3; olfactomedin-like domains in the latrotoxin receptors; and five or four thrombospondin type 1 repeats in BAI1 (brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1), BAI2 and BAI3. Furthermore, almost all adhesion receptors, except GPR123, contain an evolutionarily conserved GPCR- autoproteolysis inducing (GAIN) domain that undergoes autoproteolytic processing at the GPCR proteolysis site (GPS) motif located immediately N-terminal to the first transmembrane region, to generate N- and C-terminal fragments (NTF and CTF), which may serve important biological functions.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229  877 IGCAVSCMALLTLLAIYAAFWRFIKSERSIILLNFCLSILASNILILVGQSRVLSKGVCTMTAAFLHFFFLSSFCWVLTE 956
Cdd:cd15040    10 IGCGLSLLGLLLTIITYILFRKLRKRKPTKILLNLCLALLLANLLFLFGINSTDNPVLCTAVAALLHYFLLASFMWMLVE 89

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229  957 AWQSYLAVIGRMRT--RLVRKRFLCLGWGLPALVVAVSVGFTRTKGYGTSSYCWLSLEGGLLYAFVGPAAVIVLVNMLIG 1034
Cdd:cd15040    90 ALLLYLRLVKVFGTypRHFILKYALIGWGLPLIIVIITLAVDPDSYGNSSGYCWLSNGNGLYYAFLGPVLLIILVNLVIF 169

                         170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229 1035 IIVFNKLMARDGVSDKSKKQragsercpwaslllpcsacgavpspllssasarNAMASLWSSCVVLPLLALTWMSAVLAM 1114
Cdd:cd15040   170 VLVLRKLLRLSAKRNKKKRK---------------------------------KTKAQLRAAVSLFFLLGLTWIFGILAI 216

                         250       260       270
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 314122229 1115 TDRRSVlFQALFAVFNSAQGFVITAVHCFLRREVQD 1150
Cdd:cd15040   217 FGARVV-FQYLFAIFNSLQGFFIFIFHCLRNKEVRK 251

class B family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The class B of seven-transmembrane GPCRs is classified into three major subfamilies: subfamily B1 (secretin-like receptor family), B2 (adhesion family), and B3 (Methuselah-like family). The class B receptors have been identified in all the vertebrates, from fishes to mammals, as well as invertebrates including Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, but are not present in plants, fungi or prokaryotes. The B1 subfamily comprises receptors for polypeptide hormones of 27-141 amino-acid residues such as secretin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide (GLP), calcitonin gene-related peptide, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and corticotropin-releasing factor. These receptors contain the large N-terminal extracellular domain (ECD), which plays a critical role in hormone recognition by binding to the C-terminal portion of the peptide. On the other hand, the N-terminal segment of the hormone induces receptor activation by interacting with the receptor transmembrane domains and connecting extracellular loops, triggering intracellular signaling pathways. All members of the subfamily B1 receptors preferentially couple to G proteins of G(s) family, which positively stimulate adenylate cyclase, leading to increased intracellular cAMP formation and calcium influx. The subfamily B2 consists of cell-adhesion receptors with 33 members in humans and vertebrates. The adhesion receptors are characterized by the presence of large N-terminal extracellular domains containing a variety of structural motifs, which play critical roles in cell-cell adhesion and cell-matrix interactions, linked to a class B seven-transmembrane domain. These include, for example, EGF (epidermal growth factor)-like domains in CD97, Celsr1 (cadherin family member), Celsr2, Celsr3, EMR1 (EGF-module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 1), EMR2, EMR3, and Flamingo; two laminin A G-type repeats and nine cadherin domains in Flamingo and its human orthologs Celsr1, Celsr2 and Celsr3; olfactomedin-like domains in the latrotoxin receptors; and five or four thrombospondin type 1 repeats in BAI1 (brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1), BAI2 and BAI3. Almost all adhesion receptors, except GPR123, contain an evolutionarily conserved GPCR- autoproteolysis inducing (GAIN) domain that undergoes autoproteolytic processing at the GPCR proteolysis site (GPS) motif located immediately N-terminal to the first transmembrane region, to generate N- and C-terminal fragments (NTF and CTF), which may serve important biological functions. Furthermore, the subfamily B3 includes Methuselah (Mth) protein, which was originally identified in Drosophila as a GPCR affecting stress resistance and aging, and its closely related proteins.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229  876 VIGCAVSCMALLTLLAIYAAFWRFIKSeRSIILLNFCLSILASNILILVGQSRVLSKG--VCTMTAAFLHFFFLSSFCWV 953
Cdd:cd13952     9 YIGCSLSLVGLLLTIITYLLFPKLRNL-RGKILINLCLSLLLAQLLFLIGQLLTSSDRpvLCKALAILLHYFLLASFFWM 87

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229  954 LTEAWQSYLAVIGRMRTRLvRKRFL---CLGWGLPALVVAVSVGFTRT----KGYGTSSYCWLSLEGGLLYAFVGPAAVI 1026
Cdd:cd13952    88 LVEAFDLYRTFVKVFGSSE-RRRFLkysLYGWGLPLLIVIITAIVDFSlygpSPGYGGEYCWLSNGNALLWAFYGPVLLI 166

                         170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229 1027 VLVNMLIGIIVFNKLMArdgvsdKSKKQRAGSERcpwaslllpcsacgavpspllssasaRNAMASLWSSCVVLPLLALT 1106
Cdd:cd13952   167 LLVNLVFFILTVRILLR------KLRETPKQSER--------------------------KSDRKQLRAYLKLFPLMGLT 214

                         250       260       270       280
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 314122229 1107 WMSAVLAMTDRRSVLFQALFAVFNSAQGFVITAVHCFLRREVQ 1149
Cdd:cd13952   215 WIFGILAPFVGGSLVFWYLFDILNSLQGFFIFLIFCLKNKEVR 257

invertebrate latrophilin-like receptors, member of the class B2 family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subgroup includes latrophilin-like proteins that are found in invertebrates such as insects and worms. Latrophilins (also called lectomedins or latrotoxin receptors) belong to Group I adhesion GPCRs, which also include ETL (EGF-TM7-latrophilin-related protein). These receptors are a member of the adhesion family (subclass B2) that belongs to the class B GPCRs. Three subtypes of vertebrate latrophilins have been identified: LPH1 (latrophilin-1), LPH2, and LPH3. The latrophilin-1 is a brain-specific calcium-independent receptor of alpha-latrotoxin, a potent presynaptic neurotoxin from the venom of the black widow spider that induces massive neurotransmitter release from sensory and motor neurons as well as endocrine cells, leading to nerve-terminal degeneration. Latrophilin-2 and -3, although sharing strong sequence homology to latrophilin-1, do not bind alpha-latrotoxin. While latrophilin-3 is also brain specific, latrophilin-2 is ubiquitously distributed. The endogenous ligands for these two receptors are unknown. ETL, a seven transmembrane receptor containing EGF-like repeats is highly expressed in heart, where developmentally regulated, as well as in normal smooth cells. The function of the ETL is unknown. All adhesion GPCRs possess large N-terminal extracellular domains containing multiple structural motifs, which play critical roles in cell-cell adhesion and cell-matrix interactions, coupled to a seven-transmembrane domain. In addition, almost all adhesion receptors, except GPR123, contain an evolutionarily conserved GPCR-autoproteolysis inducing (GAIN) domain that undergoes autoproteolytic processing at the GPCR proteolysis site (GPS) motif located immediately N-terminal to the first transmembrane region, to generate N- and C-terminal fragments (NTF and CTF), which may serve important biological functions.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229  877 IGCAVSCMALLTLLAIYAAFwRFIKSERSIILLNFCLSILASNILILVGQSRVLSKGVCTMTAAFLHFFFLSSFCWVLTE 956
Cdd:cd15440    10 IGCIISIVCLLLAFITFTCF-RNLQCDRNTIHKNLCLCLLIAEIVFLLGIDQTENRTLCGVIAGLLHYFFLAAFSWMLLE 88

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229  957 AWQSYL---AVIGRMRTRlvRKRFLCLGWGLPALVVAVSVGFTRTkGYGTSSYCWLSLEGGLLYAFVGPAAVIVLVN-ML 1032
Cdd:cd15440    89 GFQLYVmlvEVFEPEKSR--IKWYYLFGYGLPALIVAVSAGVDPT-GYGTEDHCWLSTENGFIWSFVGPVIVVLLANlVF 165

                         170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229 1033 IGIIVFnkLMARDGVSDKSKKQRAGSERCPWaslllpcsacgavpspllssasarnamaslW--SSCVVLPLLALTWMSA 1110
Cdd:cd15440   166 LGMAIY--VMCRHSSRSASKKDASKLKNIRG------------------------------WlkGSIVLVVLLGLTWTFG 213

                         250       260       270
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 314122229 1111 VLAMtDRRSVLFQALFAVFNSAQGFVITAVHCFLRREVQ 1149
Cdd:cd15440   214 LLFI-NQESIVMAYIFTILNSLQGLFIFIFHCVLNEKVR 251

CD97 antigen, member of the class B2 family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; group II adhesion GPCRs, including the leukocyte cell-surface antigen CD97 and the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-module-containing, mucin-like hormone receptor (EMR1-4), are primarily expressed in cells of the immune system. All EGF-TM7 receptors, which belong to the B2 subfamily B2 of adhesion GPCRs, are members of group II, except for ETL (EGF-TM7-latrophilin related protein), which is classified into group I. Members of the EGF-TM7 receptors are characterized by the presence of varying numbers of N-terminal EGF-like domains, which play critical roles in ligand recognition and cell adhesion, linked by a stalk region to a class B seven-transmembrane domain. In the case of CD97, alternative splicing results in three isoforms possessing either three (EGF1,2,5), four (EGF1,2,3,5) or five (EGF1,2,3,4,5) EGF-like domains. Moreover, almost all adhesion receptors, except GPR123, contain an evolutionarily conserved GPCR- autoproteolysis inducing (GAIN) domain that undergoes autoproteolytic processing at the GPCR proteolysis site (GPS) motif located immediately N-terminal to the first transmembrane region, to generate N- and C-terminal fragments (NTF and CTF), which may serve important biological functions. For example, CD97, which is involved in angiogenesis and the migration and invasion of tumor cells, has been shown to promote cell aggregation in a GPS proteolysis-dependent manner. CD97 is widely expressed on lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, granulocytes and smooth muscle cells as well as in a variety of human tumors including colorectal, gastric, esophageal pancreatic, and thyroid carcinoma. EMR2 shares strong sequence homology with CD97, differing by only six amino acids. However, unlike CD97, EMR2 is not found in those of CD97-positive tumor cells and is not expressed on lymphocytes but instead on monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes. CD97 has three known ligands: CD55, decay-accelerating factor for regulation of complement system; chondroitin sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan found in the extracellular matrix; and the integrin alpha5beta1, which play a role in angiogenesis. Although EMR2 does not effectively interact with CD55, the fourth EGF-like domain of this receptor binds to chondroitin sulfate to mediate cell attachment.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229  877 IGCAVSCMALLtLLAIYAAFWRFIKSERSIILLNFCLSILASNILILVGQSRVLSKGVCTMTAAFLHFFFLSSFCWVLTE 956
Cdd:cd15438    10 VGLSVSLFCLF-LCILTFLFCRSIRGTRNTIHLHLCLSLFLAHLIFLLGINNTNNQVACAVVAGLLHYFFLAAFCWMSLE 88

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229  957 AWQSYLAVIGRMRTRLVRKRFLCL-GWGLPALVVAVSVGFTrTKGYGTSSYCWLSLEGGLLYAFVGPAAVIVLVNMLIGI 1035
Cdd:cd15438    89 GVELYLMVVQVFNTQSLKKRYLLLiGYGVPLVIVAISAAVN-SKGYGTQRHCWLSLERGFLWSFLGPVCLIILVNAIIFV 167

                         170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229 1036 IVFNKLMAR----DGVSDKSKKQRAgsercpwaslllpcsacgavpspLLSSASARnamaslwsscvvLPLLALTWMSAV 1111
Cdd:cd15438   168 ITVWKLAEKfssiNPDMEKLRKIRA-----------------------LTITAIAQ------------LCILGCTWIFGF 212

                         250       260       270       280       290
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229 1112 LAMTDrRSVLFQALFAVFNSAQGFVITAVHCFLRREV-QDVVKCQMGVCR 1160
Cdd:cd15438   213 FQFSD-STLVMSYLFTILNSLQGLFIFLLHCLLSKQVrEEYSRWLCAIAR 261

epidermal growth factor-like module-containing mucin-like hormone receptors, member of the class B2 family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; group II adhesion GPCRs, including the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-module-containing, mucin-like hormone receptor (EMR1-4) and the leukocyte cell-surface antigen CD97, are primarily expressed in cells of the immune system. All EGF-TM7 receptors, which belong to the B2 subfamily of adhesion GPCRs, are members of group II, except for ETL (EGF-TM7-latrophilin related protein), which is classified into group I. Members of the EGF-TM7 receptors are characterized by the presence of varying number of N-terminal EGF-like domains, which play critical roles in ligand recognition and cell adhesion, linked by a stalk region to a class B seven-transmembrane domain. In the case of EMR2, alternative splicing results in four isoforms possessing either two (EGF1,2), three (EGF1,2,5), four (EGF1,2,3,5) or five (EGF1,2,3,4,5) EGF-like domains. Moreover, almost all adhesion receptors, except GPR123, contain an evolutionarily conserved GPCR-autoproteolysis inducing (GAIN) domain that undergoes autoproteolytic processing at the GPCR proteolysis site (GPS) motif located immediately N-terminal to the first transmembrane region, to generate N- and C-terminal fragments (NTF and CTF), which may serve important biological functions. EMR2 shares strong sequence homology with CD97, differing by only six amino acids. CD97 is widely expressed on lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, granulocytes and smooth muscle cells as well as in a variety of human tumors including colorectal, gastric, esophageal pancreatic, and thyroid carcinoma. However, unlike CD97, EMR2 is not found in those of CD97-positive tumor cells and is not expressed on lymphocytes but instead on monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes. CD97 has three known ligands: CD55, decay-accelerating factor for regulation of complement system; chondroitin sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan found in the extracellular matrix; and the integrin alpha5beta1, which play a role in angiogenesis. Although EMR2 does not effectively interact with CD55, the fourth EGF-like domain of this receptor binds to chondroitin sulfate to mediate cell attachment.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229  877 IGCAVS--CM--ALLTLLaiyaaFWRFIKSERSIILLNFCLSILASNILILVGQSRVLSKGVCTMTAAFLHFFFLSSFCW 952
Cdd:cd15439    10 VGLIISllCLflAILTFL-----LCRSIRNTSTSLHLQLSLCLFLADLLFLVGIDRTDNKVLCSIIAGFLHYLFLACFAW 84

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229  953 VLTEAWQSYLAV-----IGRMRTRLVRKRFLCL-GWGLPALVVAVSVGfTRTKGYGTSSYCWLSLEGGLLYAFVGPAAVI 1026
Cdd:cd15439    85 MFLEAVHLFLTVrnlkvVNYFSSHRFKKRFMYPvGYGLPAVIVAISAA-VNPQGYGTPKHCWLSMEKGFIWSFLGPVCVI 163

                         170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229 1027 VLVNMLIGIIVFNKLMARdgvsdkskkqragsercpwaslllpcsacgavpsplLSS-----ASARNAMASLWSSCVVLP 1101
Cdd:cd15439   164 IVINLVLFCLTLWILREK------------------------------------LSSlnaevSTLKNTRLLTFKAIAQLF 207

                         250       260       270       280
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 314122229 1102 LLALTWMSAVLAMTDRRSVLfQALFAVFNSAQGFVITAVHCFLRREVQD 1150
Cdd:cd15439   208 ILGCTWILGLFQVGPVATVM-AYLFTITNSLQGVFIFLVHCLLNRQVRE 255

orphan adhesion receptor GPR133, member of the class B2 family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; GPR133 is an orphan receptor that belongs to the group V adhesion-GPCRs together with GPR144. The function of GPR144 has not yet been characterized, whereas GPR133 is highly expressed in the pituitary gland and is coupled to the Gs protein, leading to activation of adenylyl cyclase pathway. Moreover, genetic variations in the GPR133 have been reported to be associated with adult height and heart rate. The adhesion receptors are characterized by the presence of large N-terminal extracellular domains containing multiple adhesion motifs, which play critical roles in ligand recognition as well as cell-cell adhesion and cell-matrix interactions, linked by a stalk region to a class B seven-transmembrane domain. In addition, almost all adhesion receptors, except GPR123, contain an evolutionarily conserved GPCR-autoproteolysis inducing (GAIN) domain that undergoes autoproteolytic processing at the GPCR proteolysis site (GPS) motif located immediately N-terminal to the first transmembrane region, to generate N- and C-terminal fragments (NTF and CTF), which may serve important biological functions. However, several adhesion GPCRs, including GPR 111, GPR115, and CELSR1, are predicted to be non-cleavable at the GAIN domain because of the lack of a consensus catalytic triad sequence (His-Leu-Ser/Thr) within their GPS.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229  877 IGCAVSCMALLTLLAIYAAFWRF--IKSERSIILLNFCLSILASNILILVGQSRVLSKGVCTMTAAFLHFFFLSSFCWVL 954
Cdd:cd15256    10 VGCSLSIFCLAITLVTFAVLSSVstIRNQRYHIHANLSFAVLVAQILLLISFRFEPGTLPCKIMAILLHFFFLSAFAWML 89

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229  955 TEAWQSYLAVIGRMRTRLVRKRFLC-LGWGLPALVVAVSVGFTrTKGYGTSSYCWLSLEGGLLYAFVGPAAVIVLVNmlI 1033
Cdd:cd15256    90 VEGLHLYSMVIKVFGSEESKHFYYYgIGWGSPLLICIISLTSA-LDSYGESDNCWLSLENGAIWAFVAPALFVIVVN--I 166

                         170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 314122229 1034 GI-IVFNKLMARDGvSDKSKKQRAgsercpwaslllpcsacgavPSPLLSSASArnamaslwsSCVVLPLLALTWMSAVL 1112
Cdd:cd15256   167 GIlIAVTRVISRIS-ADNYKVHGD--------------------ANAFKLTAKA---------VAVLLPILGSSWVFGVL 216

                         250       260       270       280
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 314122229 1113 AMtDRRSVLFQALFAVFNSAQGFVITAVHCFLRREVQDVVK 1153
Cdd:cd15256   217 AV-NTHALVFQYMFAIFNSLQGFFIFLFHCLLNSEVRAAFK 256