Ubiquitin-binding domain; This ubiquitin-binding domain is found in ubiquitin domain-containing proteins.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720395122   1 MTDGQLRSKRDEFWDTApaFEGRKEIWDALKAAAYAAEANDHELAQAILDGASITLPHGTLCE-CYDELGNRYQLPIYCL 79
Cdd:pfam16455  15 WTRAQLDRERDEFFDTR--VTGRPEIWDALRAAAEVLEEGDLATAQAILDAAGITLPTGDLTDgCYDELGNLYRLPEYVV 92

                  ....*..
gi 1720395122  80 SPPVNLL 86
Cdd:pfam16455  93 SDPTNLI 99

Ubiquitin-binding domain; This ubiquitin-binding domain is found in ubiquitin domain-containing proteins.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720395122   1 MTDGQLRSKRDEFWDTApaFEGRKEIWDALKAAAYAAEANDHELAQAILDGASITLPHGTLCE-CYDELGNRYQLPIYCL 79
Cdd:pfam16455  15 WTRAQLDRERDEFFDTR--VTGRPEIWDALRAAAEVLEEGDLATAQAILDAAGITLPTGDLTDgCYDELGNLYRLPEYVV 92

                  ....*..
gi 1720395122  80 SPPVNLL 86
Cdd:pfam16455  93 SDPTNLI 99

Ubiquitin homologues; Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis is involved in the regulated turnover of proteins required for controlling cell cycle progression

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 1720395122  108 FPLKVRLSTGKDVRLNASLPDTVGQLKRQLHSQEGIEPSWQRWFFSGKLLTDRTRLQETKIQKDFVIQVII 178
Cdd:smart00213   1 IELTVKTLDGKTITLEVKPSDTVSELKEKIAELTGIPPEQQRLIYKGKVLEDDRTLADYGIQDGSTIHLVL 71

Ubiquitin-binding domain; This ubiquitin-binding domain is found in ubiquitin domain-containing proteins.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720395122   1 MTDGQLRSKRDEFWDTApaFEGRKEIWDALKAAAYAAEANDHELAQAILDGASITLPHGTLCE-CYDELGNRYQLPIYCL 79
Cdd:pfam16455  15 WTRAQLDRERDEFFDTR--VTGRPEIWDALRAAAEVLEEGDLATAQAILDAAGITLPTGDLTDgCYDELGNLYRLPEYVV 92

                  ....*..
gi 1720395122  80 SPPVNLL 86
Cdd:pfam16455  93 SDPTNLI 99

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain found in ubiquitin domain-containing protein 2 (UBTD2); UBTD2, also termed dendritic cell-derived ubiquitin-like protein (DC-UbP), or ubiquitin-like protein SB72, is a potential ubiquitin shuttle protein firstly identified in dendritic cells and implicated in apoptosis. It binds proteins involved in the ubiquitination pathway and may play an important role in regulating protein ubiquitination and delivery of ubiquitinated substrates in eukaryotic cells. UBTD2 is expressed in tumor cells but not in normal human adult tissue suggesting a role in tumorogenesis. It can potentially regulate the stability of proteins involved in various physiological processes relevant to many disease phenotypes, such as ageing and cancer. UBTD2 reconciles protein ubiquitination and deubiquitination via linking UbE1 and USP5 enzymes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1720395122 107 EFPLKVRLSTGKDVRLNASLPDTVGQLKRQLHSQEGIEPSWQRWFFSGKLLTDRTRLQETKIQKDFVIQVIINQP 181
Cdd:cd17121     1 ECQLRLRLSTGKDLKLAVRSTDTVYHMKRRLHTAEGVEPGSQRWFFSGRPLTDKMKLEELKIPKDYVVQVIVSQP 75

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain found in ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like Ubl proteins; Ubiquitin-like (Ubl) proteins have a similar ubiquitin (Ub) beta-grasp fold and attach to other proteins in a Ubl manner but with biochemically distinct roles. Ub and Ubl proteins conjugate and deconjugate via ligases and peptidases to covalently modify target polypeptides. Some Ubl domains have adaptor roles in Ub-signaling by mediating protein-protein interaction. Prokaryotic sulfur carrier proteins are Ub-related proteins that can be activated in an ATP-dependent manner. Polyubiquitination signals for a diverse set of cellular events via different isopeptide linkages formed between the C terminus of one ubiquitin (Ub) and the epsilon-amine of K6, K11, K27, K29, K33, K48, or K63 of a second Ub. One of these seven lysine residues (K27, Ub numbering) is conserved in this Ubl_ubiquitin_like family. K27-linked Ub chains are versatile and can be recognized by several downstream receptor proteins. K27 has roles beyond chain linkage, such as in Ubl NEDD8 (which contains many of the same lysines (K6, K11, K27, K33, K48) as Ub) where K27 has a role (other than conjugation) in the mechanism of protein neddylation.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1720395122 110 LKVRLSTGKDVRLNASLPDTVGQLKRQLHSQEGIEPSWQRWFFSGKLLTDRTRLQETKIQKDFVIQVI 177
Cdd:cd17039     1 ITVKTLDGKTYTVEVDPDDTVADLKEKIEEKTGIPVEQQRLIYNGKELKDDKTLSDYGIKDGSTIHLV 68

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain found in neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 8 (NEDD8) and similar proteins; NEDD8, also termed Neddylin, or RELATED TO UBIQUITIN (RUB/Rub1p) in plant and yeast, is a ubiquitin-like protein that conjugates to nuclear proteins in a manner analogous to ubiquitination and sentrinization. It modifies a family of molecular scaffold proteins called cullins that are responsible for assembling the ROC1/Rbx1 RING-based E3 ubiquitin ligases, of which several play a direct role in tumorigenesis. NEDD8 deamidation and its inhibition of Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) activity are responsible for Cycle-inhibiting factor (Cif)/Cif homolog in Burkholderia pseudomallei (CHBP)-induced cytopathic effect. NEDD8 contains a single conserved ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain with a beta-grasp Ubl fold, a common structure involved in protein-protein interactions. Polyubiquitination, signals for a diverse set of cellular events via different isopeptide linkages formed between the C terminus of one ubiquitin (Ub) and the epsilon-amine of K6, K11, K27, K29, K33, K48, or K63 of a second Ub. Ubl NEDD8, contains many of the same lysines (K6, K11, K27, K33, K48) as Ub, where K27 has an role (other than conjugation) in the mechanism of protein neddylation.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1720395122 110 LKVRLSTGKDVRLNASLPDTVGQLKRQLHSQEGIEPSWQRWFFSGKLLTDRTRLQETKIQKDFVIQVII 178
Cdd:cd01806     1 IKVKTLTGKEIEIDIEPTDKVERIKERVEEKEGIPPQQQRLIFSGKQMNDEKTAADYKIEGGSVLHLVL 69

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteasome interacting protein Dsk2p and similar proteins; The family contains several fungal multiubiquitin receptors, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae Dsk2p and Schizosaccharomyces pombe Dph1p, both of which have been characterized as shuttle proteins transporting ubiquitinated substrates destined for degradation from the E3 ligase to the 26S proteasome. They interact with the proteasome through their N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain (Ubl) and with ubiquitin (Ub) through their C-terminal Ub-associated domain (UBA). S. cerevisiae Dsk2p is a nuclear-enriched protein that may involve in the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway through interacting with K48-linked polyubiquitin and the proteasome. Moreover, it has been implicated in spindle pole duplication through assisting in Cdc31 assembly into the new spindle pole body (SPB). S. pombe Dph1p is an ubiquitin (Ub0 receptor working in concert with the class V myosin, Myo52, to target the degradation of the S. pombe CLIP-170 homolog, Tip1. It also can protect Ub chains against disassembly by deubiquitinating enzymes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1720395122 110 LKVRLSTGKDVRLNASLPDTVGQLKRQLHSQEGIEPSWQRWFFSGKLLTDRTRLQETKIQKDFVI 174
Cdd:cd16106     3 VTVKCSNGKKFTVEVEPDATVLELKELIAEKSDIPAEQQRLIYKGKILKDEETLSSYKIQDGHTV 67

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain found in ubiquitin-specific-processing protease 48 (USP48) and similar proteins; USP48, also termed USP31, or deubiquitinating enzyme 48, or ubiquitin thioesterase 48, or ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 48, belongs to the ubiquitin specific protease (USP) family that is one of at least seven deubiquitylating enzyme (DUB) families capable of deconjugating ubiquitin (Ub)and ubiquitin-like (Ubl) adducts. While the USP proteins have a conserved catalytic core domain, USP48 differs in its domain architecture. It contains an N-terminal USP domain, three DUSP (domain present in ubiquitin-specific protease) domains, and a C-terminal Ubl domain with a beta-grasp Ubl fold, a common structure involved in protein-protein interactions. USP48 is a deubiquitinating enzyme that interacts with TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) and has been implicated in activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). Moreover, as a nuclear deubiquitinase regulated by casein kinase 2 (CK2), USP48 controls the ubiquitin/proteasome-system (UPS)-dependent turnover of activated NF-kappaB/RelA in the nucleus together with the COP9 signalosome, suggesting a role of USP48 in a timely control of immune responses.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1720395122 113 RLSTGKDVRLNASLPDTVGQLKRQLHSQEGIEPSWQRWFFSGKLLTDR-TRLQETKIQKDFVIQVIINQPPPPQD 186
Cdd:cd01795     1 RRVRGERKSLTVSSTTTLKELKLQIMEKFSVAPFDQHLYFNGRELTDDsATLADLGILPGDVLYLKVDEPPDDPD 75

Ubiquitin-2 like Rad60 SUMO-like; The small ubiquitin-related modifier SUMO-1 is a Ub/Ubl family member, and although SUMO-1 shares structural similarity to Ub, SUMO's cellular functions remain distinct insomuch as SUMO modification alters protein function through changes in activity, cellular localization, or by protecting substrates from ubiquitination. Rad60 family members contain functionally enigmatic, integral SUMO-like domains (SLDs). Despite their divergence from SUMO, each Rad60 SLD interacts with a subset of SUMO pathway enzymes: SLD2 specifically binds the SUMO E2 conjugating enzyme (Ubc9)), whereas SLD1 binds the SUMO E1 (Fub2, also called Uba2) activating and E3 (Pli1, also called Siz1 and Siz2) specificity enzymes. Structural analysis of PDB:2uyz reveals a mechanistic basis for the near-synonymous roles of Rad60 and SUMO in survival of genotoxic stress and suggest unprecedented DNA-damage-response functions for SLDs in regulating SUMOylation. The Rad60 branch of this family is also known as RENi (Rad60-Esc2-Nip45), and biologically it should be two distinct families SUMO and RENi (Rad60-Esc2-Nip45).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1720395122 108 FPLKVRLSTGKDVRLNASLPDTVGQLKRQLHSQEGIEPSWQ-RWFFSGKLLTDRTRLQETKIQKDFVIQVII 178
Cdd:pfam11976   1 IKIILKGKDGKEVFIKVKPTTTVSKLINAYRKKRGIPPSQQvRLIFDGERLDPNSTVEDLDIEDGDTIDVVI 72

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain found in Arabidopsis thaliana ubiquitin-protein ligase 5 (AtUPL5) and similar proteins; Arabidopsis thaliana AtUPL5, also termed HECT-type E3 ubiquitin transferase UPL5, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that contains a ubiquitin-like domain (Ubl), a C-type lectin-binding domain, a leucine zipper and a HECT domain. HECT domain containing-ubiquitin-protein ligases have more than one member in different genomes, these proteins have been classified into four sub-families (UPL1/2, UPL3/4, UPL5 and UPL6/7). AtUPL5 fUPL5 regulates leaf senescence in Arabidopsis through degradation of the transcription factor WRKY53.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1720395122 112 VRLSTGKDVRLNASLPDTVGQLKRQLHSQEGIEPSWQRWFFSGKLLTDRTRLQETKIQKDFVIQVI 177
Cdd:cd16107     4 VRTYCGKTIVLHAKASDTVESLHQQIEARTGIPSLEQRLIFGGRQLQHSQSLESCKMENDATLFLV 69

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain found in parkin and similar proteins; Parkin, also termed Parkinson juvenile disease protein 2, is a RBR-type E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is associated with recessive early onset Parkinson's disease (PD), and exerts a protective effect against dopamine-induced alpha-synuclein-dependent cell toxicity. Mutations in the parkin gene cause autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism. Parkin functions within a multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins, such as BCL2, SYT11, CCNE1, GPR37, RHOT1/MIRO1, MFN1, MFN2, STUB1, SNCAIP, SEPT5, TOMM20, USP30, ZNF746 and AIMP2. It mediates monoubiquitination as well as Lys-6-, Lys-11-, Lys-48- and Lys-63-linked polyubiquitination of substrates depending on the context. Parkin may enhance cell viability and protects dopaminergic neurons from oxidative stress-mediated death by regulating mitochondrial function. It also limits the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and regulates cyclin-E during neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, parkin displays a ubiquitin ligase-independent function in transcriptional repression of p53. Parkin contains an N-terminal ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain and a C-terminal RBR domain that was previously known as RING-BetweenRING-RING domain or TRIAD [two RING fingers and a DRIL (double RING finger linked)] domain. Based on current understanding of the structural biology of RBR ligases, the nomenclature of RBR has been corrected as RING-BRcat (benign-catalytic)-Rcat (required-for-catalysis) recently. The RBR (RING1-BRcat-Rcat) domain use an auto-inhibitory mechanism to modulate ubiquitination activity, as well as a hybrid mechanism that combines aspects from both RING and HECT E3 ligase function to facilitate the ubiquitination reaction.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1720395122 112 VRLSTGKDVRLNASLPDTVGQLKRQLHSQEGIEPSWQRWFFSGKLLTDRTRLQETKIQKDFVIQVIinQPPPP 184
Cdd:cd01798     3 VRFNSSHGFPVEVDSDWSILQLKEVVAKRQGVPPDQLRIIFAGKELSDDLTLQNCDLGQQSIVHAV--QGPKR 73

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain 2 found in leukocyte antigen F (HLA-F) adjacent transcript 10 (FAT10) and similar proteins; FAT10, also termed ubiquitin D (UBD), or diubiquitin, is a cytokine-inducible ubiquitin-like (Ubl) modifer that is highly expressed in the thymus, and targets substrates covalently for 26S proteasomal degradation. It is also associated with cancer development, antigen processing and antimicrobial defense, chromosomal stability and cell cycle regulation. FAT10 is presented on immune cells and under the inflammatory conditions, is synergistically induced by interferon gamma (IFNgamma) and tumor necrosis factor (TNFalpha) in the non-immune (liver parenchymal) cells. FAT10 contains two Ubl domains. The family corresponds to the second Ubl domain of FAT10. Some family members contain only one Ubl domain.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1720395122 112 VRLSTGKDVRLNASLPDTVGQLKRQLHSQEGIEPSWQRWFFSGKLLTD 159
Cdd:cd17053     5 SKLLTGTVHTLQVSRSTTVAQVKAMIEDQSGVPPNEQILVYNGKRLED 52

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain found in transmembrane and ubiquitin-like domain-containing proteins TMUB1, TMUB2, and similar proteins; TMUB1, also termed dendritic cell-derived ubiquitin-like protein (DULP), or hepatocyte odd protein shuttling protein, or ubiquitin-like protein SB144, or HOPS, is highly expressed in the nervous system. It is involved in the termination of liver regeneration and plays a negative role in interleukin-6-induced hepatocyte proliferation. The overexpression of Tmub1 has been shown to play a role in the inhibition of cell proliferation. TMUB1 has been implicated in the regulation of locomotor activity and wakefulness in mice, perhaps acting through its interaction with CAMLG. It also facilitates the recycling of AMPA receptors into synaptic membrane in cultured primary neurons. TMUB1 contains transmembrane domains and a ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain with a beta-grasp Ubl fold. TMUB2 is an uncharacterized transmembrane domain and Ubl domain-containing protein that shows high sequence similarity to TMUB1.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1720395122 110 LKVRLSTGKDVRLN--ASLPDTVGQLKRQLHSQEGIEPSWQRWFFSGKLLTDRTR-LQETKIQKDFVIQVII 178
Cdd:cd17057     2 ITIRLKFLNETERVvyARPEDTVGDFKRRHFPDELAQGKRVRLIYQGQLLRDDSRtLSSYGIQDGSVIHCHI 73