aminopeptidase NAALADL1 isoform X2 [Homo sapiens]
Protein Classification
M28 family metallopeptidase( domain architecture ID 10329992)
M28 family metallopeptidase similar to Homo sapiens glutamate carboxypeptidase 2, N-acetylated-alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase 2 and N-acetylated-alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase-like protein
List of domain hits
| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | ||||
| M28_PSMA_like | cd08022 | M28 Zn-peptidase prostate-specific membrane antigen; Peptidase M28 family; prostate-specific ... |
300-539 | 1.69e-123 | ||||
M28 Zn-peptidase prostate-specific membrane antigen; Peptidase M28 family; prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA, also called glutamate carboxypeptidase II or GCP-II)-like subfamily. PSMA is a homodimeric type II transmembrane protein containing three distinct domains: protease-like, apical or protease-associated (PA) and helical domains. The protease-like domain is a large extracellular portion (ectodomain). PSMA is over-expressed predominantly in prostate cancer (PCa) as well as in the neovasculature of most solid tumors, but not in the vasculature of the normal tissues. PSMA is considered a biomarker for PCa and possibly for use as an imaging and therapeutic target. The extracellular domain of PSMA possesses two unique enzymatic functions: N-acetylated, alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) which cleaves terminal glutamate from the neurodipeptide N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG), and folate hydrolase (FOLH) which cleaves the terminal glutamates from gamma-linked polyglutamates (carboxypeptidase). A mutation in this gene may be associated with impaired intestinal absorption of dietary folates, resulting in low blood folate levels and consequent hyperhomocysteinemia. Expression of this protein in the brain may be involved in a number of pathological conditions associated with glutamate excitotoxicity. Inhibition of GCP-II has been shown to be effective in preclinical models of neurological disorders associated with excessive activation of glutamatergic systems. This gene likely arose from a duplication event of a nearby chromosomal region. Alternative splicing gives rise to multiple transcript variants. : Pssm-ID: 349942 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 287 Bit Score: 368.87 E-value: 1.69e-123
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| PA_GCPII_like | cd02121 | PA_GCPII_like: Protease-associated domain containing protein, glutamate carboxypeptidase II ... |
61-287 | 2.28e-89 | ||||
PA_GCPII_like: Protease-associated domain containing protein, glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII)-like. This group contains various PA domain-containing proteins similar to GCPII including, GCPIII (NAALADase2) and NAALADase L. These proteins belong to the peptidase M28 family. GCPII is also known N-acetylated-alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALDase1), folate hydrolase or prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). GCPII is found in various human tissues including prostate, small intestine, and the central nervous system. In the brain, GCPII is known as NAALDase1, it functions as a NAALDase hydrolyzing the neuropeptide N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamate (alpha-NAAG), to release free glutamate. In the small intestine, GCPII releases the terminal glutamate from poly-gamma-glutamated folates. GCPII (PSMA) is a useful cancer marker; its expression is markedly increased in prostate cancer and in tumor-associated neovasculature. GCPIII hydrolyzes alpha-NAAG with a lower efficiency than does GCPII; NAALADase L is not able to hydrolyze alpha-NAAG. The GCPII PA domain (referred to as the apical domain) participates in substrate binding and may act as a protein-protein interaction domain. : Pssm-ID: 239036 Cd Length: 220 Bit Score: 278.02 E-value: 2.28e-89
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| TFR_dimer | pfam04253 | Transferrin receptor-like dimerization domain; This domain is involved in dimerization of the ... |
568-687 | 7.62e-30 | ||||
Transferrin receptor-like dimerization domain; This domain is involved in dimerization of the transferrin receptor as shown in its crystal structure. : Pssm-ID: 461238 Cd Length: 116 Bit Score: 113.83 E-value: 7.62e-30
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| Zinc_peptidase_like super family | cl14876 | Zinc peptidases M18, M20, M28, and M42; Zinc peptidases play vital roles in metabolic and ... |
1-73 | 1.17e-11 | ||||
Zinc peptidases M18, M20, M28, and M42; Zinc peptidases play vital roles in metabolic and signaling pathways throughout all kingdoms of life. This hierarchy contains zinc peptidases that correspond to the MH clan in the MEROPS database, which contains 4 families (M18, M20, M28, M42). The peptidase M20 family includes carboxypeptidases such as the glutamate carboxypeptidase from Pseudomonas, the thermostable carboxypeptidase Ss1 of broad specificity from archaea and yeast Gly-X carboxypeptidase. The dipeptidases include bacterial dipeptidase, peptidase V (PepV), a non-specific eukaryotic dipeptidase, and two Xaa-His dipeptidases (carnosinases). There is also the bacterial aminopeptidase, peptidase T (PepT) that acts only on tripeptide substrates and has therefore been termed a tripeptidase. Peptidase family M28 contains aminopeptidases and carboxypeptidases, and has co-catalytic zinc ions. However, several enzymes in this family utilize other first row transition metal ions such as cobalt and manganese. Each zinc ion is tetrahedrally co-ordinated, with three amino acid ligands plus activated water; one aspartate residue binds both metal ions. The aminopeptidases in this family are also called bacterial leucyl aminopeptidases, but are able to release a variety of N-terminal amino acids. IAP aminopeptidase and aminopeptidase Y preferentially release basic amino acids while glutamate carboxypeptidase II preferentially releases C-terminal glutamates. Glutamate carboxypeptidase II and plasma glutamate carboxypeptidase hydrolyze dipeptides. Peptidase families M18 and M42 contain metallo-aminopeptidases. M18 is widely distributed in bacteria and eukaryotes. However, only yeast aminopeptidase I and mammalian aspartyl aminopeptidase have been characterized in detail. Some M42 (also known as glutamyl aminopeptidase) enzymes exhibit aminopeptidase specificity while others also have acylaminoacyl-peptidase activity (i.e. hydrolysis of acylated N-terminal residues). The actual alignment was detected with superfamily member cd08022: Pssm-ID: 472712 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 287 Bit Score: 66.10 E-value: 1.17e-11
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| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | |||||
| M28_PSMA_like | cd08022 | M28 Zn-peptidase prostate-specific membrane antigen; Peptidase M28 family; prostate-specific ... |
300-539 | 1.69e-123 | |||||
M28 Zn-peptidase prostate-specific membrane antigen; Peptidase M28 family; prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA, also called glutamate carboxypeptidase II or GCP-II)-like subfamily. PSMA is a homodimeric type II transmembrane protein containing three distinct domains: protease-like, apical or protease-associated (PA) and helical domains. The protease-like domain is a large extracellular portion (ectodomain). PSMA is over-expressed predominantly in prostate cancer (PCa) as well as in the neovasculature of most solid tumors, but not in the vasculature of the normal tissues. PSMA is considered a biomarker for PCa and possibly for use as an imaging and therapeutic target. The extracellular domain of PSMA possesses two unique enzymatic functions: N-acetylated, alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) which cleaves terminal glutamate from the neurodipeptide N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG), and folate hydrolase (FOLH) which cleaves the terminal glutamates from gamma-linked polyglutamates (carboxypeptidase). A mutation in this gene may be associated with impaired intestinal absorption of dietary folates, resulting in low blood folate levels and consequent hyperhomocysteinemia. Expression of this protein in the brain may be involved in a number of pathological conditions associated with glutamate excitotoxicity. Inhibition of GCP-II has been shown to be effective in preclinical models of neurological disorders associated with excessive activation of glutamatergic systems. This gene likely arose from a duplication event of a nearby chromosomal region. Alternative splicing gives rise to multiple transcript variants. Pssm-ID: 349942 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 287 Bit Score: 368.87 E-value: 1.69e-123
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| PA_GCPII_like | cd02121 | PA_GCPII_like: Protease-associated domain containing protein, glutamate carboxypeptidase II ... |
61-287 | 2.28e-89 | |||||
PA_GCPII_like: Protease-associated domain containing protein, glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII)-like. This group contains various PA domain-containing proteins similar to GCPII including, GCPIII (NAALADase2) and NAALADase L. These proteins belong to the peptidase M28 family. GCPII is also known N-acetylated-alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALDase1), folate hydrolase or prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). GCPII is found in various human tissues including prostate, small intestine, and the central nervous system. In the brain, GCPII is known as NAALDase1, it functions as a NAALDase hydrolyzing the neuropeptide N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamate (alpha-NAAG), to release free glutamate. In the small intestine, GCPII releases the terminal glutamate from poly-gamma-glutamated folates. GCPII (PSMA) is a useful cancer marker; its expression is markedly increased in prostate cancer and in tumor-associated neovasculature. GCPIII hydrolyzes alpha-NAAG with a lower efficiency than does GCPII; NAALADase L is not able to hydrolyze alpha-NAAG. The GCPII PA domain (referred to as the apical domain) participates in substrate binding and may act as a protein-protein interaction domain. Pssm-ID: 239036 Cd Length: 220 Bit Score: 278.02 E-value: 2.28e-89
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| Iap | COG2234 | Zn-dependent amino- or carboxypeptidase, M28 family [Posttranslational modification, protein ... |
295-534 | 3.17e-38 | |||||
Zn-dependent amino- or carboxypeptidase, M28 family [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones, Amino acid transport and metabolism]; Pssm-ID: 441835 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 257 Bit Score: 142.58 E-value: 3.17e-38
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| TFR_dimer | pfam04253 | Transferrin receptor-like dimerization domain; This domain is involved in dimerization of the ... |
568-687 | 7.62e-30 | |||||
Transferrin receptor-like dimerization domain; This domain is involved in dimerization of the transferrin receptor as shown in its crystal structure. Pssm-ID: 461238 Cd Length: 116 Bit Score: 113.83 E-value: 7.62e-30
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| Peptidase_M28 | pfam04389 | Peptidase family M28; |
300-508 | 4.50e-29 | |||||
Peptidase family M28; Pssm-ID: 461288 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 192 Bit Score: 114.30 E-value: 4.50e-29
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| M28_PSMA_like | cd08022 | M28 Zn-peptidase prostate-specific membrane antigen; Peptidase M28 family; prostate-specific ... |
1-73 | 1.17e-11 | |||||
M28 Zn-peptidase prostate-specific membrane antigen; Peptidase M28 family; prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA, also called glutamate carboxypeptidase II or GCP-II)-like subfamily. PSMA is a homodimeric type II transmembrane protein containing three distinct domains: protease-like, apical or protease-associated (PA) and helical domains. The protease-like domain is a large extracellular portion (ectodomain). PSMA is over-expressed predominantly in prostate cancer (PCa) as well as in the neovasculature of most solid tumors, but not in the vasculature of the normal tissues. PSMA is considered a biomarker for PCa and possibly for use as an imaging and therapeutic target. The extracellular domain of PSMA possesses two unique enzymatic functions: N-acetylated, alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) which cleaves terminal glutamate from the neurodipeptide N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG), and folate hydrolase (FOLH) which cleaves the terminal glutamates from gamma-linked polyglutamates (carboxypeptidase). A mutation in this gene may be associated with impaired intestinal absorption of dietary folates, resulting in low blood folate levels and consequent hyperhomocysteinemia. Expression of this protein in the brain may be involved in a number of pathological conditions associated with glutamate excitotoxicity. Inhibition of GCP-II has been shown to be effective in preclinical models of neurological disorders associated with excessive activation of glutamatergic systems. This gene likely arose from a duplication event of a nearby chromosomal region. Alternative splicing gives rise to multiple transcript variants. Pssm-ID: 349942 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 287 Bit Score: 66.10 E-value: 1.17e-11
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| PA | pfam02225 | PA domain; The PA (Protease associated) domain is found as an insert domain in diverse ... |
112-200 | 1.42e-10 | |||||
PA domain; The PA (Protease associated) domain is found as an insert domain in diverse proteases. The PA domain is also found in a plant vacuolar sorting receptor Swiss:O22925 and members of the RZF family Swiss:O43567. It has been suggested that this domain forms a lid-like structure that covers the active site in active proteases, and is involved in protein recognition in vacuolar sorting receptors. Pssm-ID: 460499 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 91 Bit Score: 58.29 E-value: 1.42e-10
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| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | ||||||
| M28_PSMA_like | cd08022 | M28 Zn-peptidase prostate-specific membrane antigen; Peptidase M28 family; prostate-specific ... |
300-539 | 1.69e-123 | ||||||
M28 Zn-peptidase prostate-specific membrane antigen; Peptidase M28 family; prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA, also called glutamate carboxypeptidase II or GCP-II)-like subfamily. PSMA is a homodimeric type II transmembrane protein containing three distinct domains: protease-like, apical or protease-associated (PA) and helical domains. The protease-like domain is a large extracellular portion (ectodomain). PSMA is over-expressed predominantly in prostate cancer (PCa) as well as in the neovasculature of most solid tumors, but not in the vasculature of the normal tissues. PSMA is considered a biomarker for PCa and possibly for use as an imaging and therapeutic target. The extracellular domain of PSMA possesses two unique enzymatic functions: N-acetylated, alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) which cleaves terminal glutamate from the neurodipeptide N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG), and folate hydrolase (FOLH) which cleaves the terminal glutamates from gamma-linked polyglutamates (carboxypeptidase). A mutation in this gene may be associated with impaired intestinal absorption of dietary folates, resulting in low blood folate levels and consequent hyperhomocysteinemia. Expression of this protein in the brain may be involved in a number of pathological conditions associated with glutamate excitotoxicity. Inhibition of GCP-II has been shown to be effective in preclinical models of neurological disorders associated with excessive activation of glutamatergic systems. This gene likely arose from a duplication event of a nearby chromosomal region. Alternative splicing gives rise to multiple transcript variants. Pssm-ID: 349942 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 287 Bit Score: 368.87 E-value: 1.69e-123
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| PA_GCPII_like | cd02121 | PA_GCPII_like: Protease-associated domain containing protein, glutamate carboxypeptidase II ... |
61-287 | 2.28e-89 | ||||||
PA_GCPII_like: Protease-associated domain containing protein, glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII)-like. This group contains various PA domain-containing proteins similar to GCPII including, GCPIII (NAALADase2) and NAALADase L. These proteins belong to the peptidase M28 family. GCPII is also known N-acetylated-alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALDase1), folate hydrolase or prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). GCPII is found in various human tissues including prostate, small intestine, and the central nervous system. In the brain, GCPII is known as NAALDase1, it functions as a NAALDase hydrolyzing the neuropeptide N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamate (alpha-NAAG), to release free glutamate. In the small intestine, GCPII releases the terminal glutamate from poly-gamma-glutamated folates. GCPII (PSMA) is a useful cancer marker; its expression is markedly increased in prostate cancer and in tumor-associated neovasculature. GCPIII hydrolyzes alpha-NAAG with a lower efficiency than does GCPII; NAALADase L is not able to hydrolyze alpha-NAAG. The GCPII PA domain (referred to as the apical domain) participates in substrate binding and may act as a protein-protein interaction domain. Pssm-ID: 239036 Cd Length: 220 Bit Score: 278.02 E-value: 2.28e-89
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| M28_PMSA_TfR_like | cd03874 | M28 Zn-peptidase Transferrin Receptor-like family; Peptidase M28 family; Transferrin Receptor ... |
300-538 | 1.99e-68 | ||||||
M28 Zn-peptidase Transferrin Receptor-like family; Peptidase M28 family; Transferrin Receptor (TfR) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA, also called glutamate carboxypeptidase or GCP-II) subfamily. TfR and PSMA are homodimeric type II transmembrane proteins containing three distinct domains: protease-like, apical or protease-associated (PA) and helical domains. The protease-like domain is a large extracellular portion (ectodomain). In TfR, it contains a binding site for the transferrin molecule and has 28% identity to membrane glutamate carboxypeptidase II (mGCP-II or PSMA). The PA domain is inserted between the first and second strands of the central beta sheet in the protease-like domain. TfR1 is widely expressed, and is a key player in the uptake of iron-loaded transferrin (Tf) into cells. The TfR1 homodimer binds two molecules of Tf and the complex is then internalized. TfR1 may also participate in cell growth and proliferation. TfR2 binds Tf but with a significantly lower affinity than TfR1. It is expressed chiefly in hepatocytes, hematopoietic cells, and duodenal crypt cells; its expression overlaps with that of hereditary hemochromatosis protein (HFE). TfR2 is involved in iron homeostasis; in humans, mutations in TfR2 are associated with a form of hemochromatosis (HFE3). PSMA is over-expressed predominantly in prostate cancer (PCa) as well as in the neovasculature of most solid tumors, but not in the vasculature of normal tissues. PSMA is considered a biomarker for PCa and possibly for use as an imaging and therapeutic target. The extracellular domain of PSMA possesses two unique enzymatic functions: N-acetylated, alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) which cleaves terminal glutamate from the neurodipeptide N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG), and folate hydrolase (FOLH) which cleaves the terminal glutamates from gamma-linked polyglutamates (carboxypeptidase). A mutation in this gene may be associated with impaired intestinal absorption of dietary folates, resulting in low blood folate levels and consequent hyperhomocysteinemia. Expression of this protein in the brain may be involved in a number of pathological conditions associated with glutamate excitotoxicity. This gene likely arose from a duplication event of a nearby chromosomal region. Alternative splicing gives rise to multiple transcript variants. While related in sequence to peptidase M28 GCP-II, TfR lacks the metal ion coordination centers and protease activity. Pssm-ID: 349871 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 278 Bit Score: 225.25 E-value: 1.99e-68
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| M28_TfR | cd09848 | M28 Zn-peptidase Transferrin Receptor family; Peptidase M28 family; Transferrin Receptor (TfR) ... |
299-539 | 1.58e-49 | ||||||
M28 Zn-peptidase Transferrin Receptor family; Peptidase M28 family; Transferrin Receptor (TfR) subfamily. TfRs are homodimeric type II transmembrane proteins containing three distinct domains: protease-like, apical or protease-associated (PA), and helical domains. The protease-like domain is a large extracellular portion (ectodomain). In TfR, it contains a binding site for the transferrin molecule and has 28% identity to membrane glutamate carboxypeptidase II (mGCP-II or PSMA). The PA domain is inserted between the first and second strands of the central beta sheet in the protease-like domain. TfR1 is widely expressed, and is a key player in the uptake of iron-loaded transferrin (Tf) into cells. The TfR1 homodimer binds two molecules of Tf and the complex is then internalized. TfR1 may also participate in cell growth and proliferation. TfR2 binds Tf but with a significantly lower affinity than TfR1. It is expressed chiefly in hepatocytes, hematopoietic cells, and duodenal crypt cells; its expression overlaps with that of hereditary hemochromatosis protein (HFE). TfR2 is involved in iron homeostasis; in humans, mutations in TfR2 are associated with a form of hemochromatosis (HFE3). While related in sequence to peptidase M28 glutamate carboxypeptidase II (also called prostate-specific membrane antigen or PSMA), TfR lacks the metal ion coordination centers and protease activity of that group. Pssm-ID: 349946 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 285 Bit Score: 174.87 E-value: 1.58e-49
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| Iap | COG2234 | Zn-dependent amino- or carboxypeptidase, M28 family [Posttranslational modification, protein ... |
295-534 | 3.17e-38 | ||||||
Zn-dependent amino- or carboxypeptidase, M28 family [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones, Amino acid transport and metabolism]; Pssm-ID: 441835 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 257 Bit Score: 142.58 E-value: 3.17e-38
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| M28 | cd02690 | M28 Zn-peptidases include aminopeptidases and carboxypeptidases; Peptidase M28 family (also ... |
298-531 | 7.49e-31 | ||||||
M28 Zn-peptidases include aminopeptidases and carboxypeptidases; Peptidase M28 family (also called aminopeptidase Y family) contains aminopeptidases as well as carboxypeptidases. They have co-catalytic zinc ions; each zinc ion is tetrahedrally co-ordinated, with three amino acid ligands plus activated water; one aspartate residue binds both metal ions. The aminopeptidases in this family are also called bacterial leucyl aminopeptidases, but are able to release a variety of N-terminal amino acids. IAP aminopeptidase and aminopeptidase Y preferentially release basic amino acids while glutamate carboxypeptidase II preferentially releases C-terminal glutamates. Plasma glutamate carboxypeptidase (PGCP) and glutamate carboxypeptidase II (NAALADase) hydrolyze dipeptides. Several members of the M28 peptidase family have PA domain inserts which may participate in substrate binding and/or in promoting conformational changes, which influence the stability and accessibility of the site to substrate. These include prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), yeast aminopeptidase S (SGAP), human transferrin receptors (TfR1 and TfR2), plasma glutamate carboxypeptidase (PGCP) and several predicted aminopeptidases where relatively little is known about them. Also included in the M28 family are glutaminyl cyclases (QC), which are involved in N-terminal glutamine cyclization of many endocrine peptides. Nicastrin and nicalin belong to this family but lack the amino-acid conservation required for catalytically active aminopeptidases. Pssm-ID: 349868 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 202 Bit Score: 119.76 E-value: 7.49e-31
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| TFR_dimer | pfam04253 | Transferrin receptor-like dimerization domain; This domain is involved in dimerization of the ... |
568-687 | 7.62e-30 | ||||||
Transferrin receptor-like dimerization domain; This domain is involved in dimerization of the transferrin receptor as shown in its crystal structure. Pssm-ID: 461238 Cd Length: 116 Bit Score: 113.83 E-value: 7.62e-30
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| Peptidase_M28 | pfam04389 | Peptidase family M28; |
300-508 | 4.50e-29 | ||||||
Peptidase family M28; Pssm-ID: 461288 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 192 Bit Score: 114.30 E-value: 4.50e-29
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| PA_TfR | cd02128 | PA_TfR: Protease-associated domain containing proteins like transferrin receptor (TfR). This ... |
89-272 | 1.52e-28 | ||||||
PA_TfR: Protease-associated domain containing proteins like transferrin receptor (TfR). This group contains various PA domain-containing proteins similar to human TfR1 and TfR2. TfR1 and TfR2 are type II membrane proteins, belonging to the peptidase M28 family. TfR1 is homodimeric, widely expressed, and a key player in the uptake of iron-loaded transferrin (Tf) into cells. The TfR1 homodimer binds two molecules of Tf and this complex is internalized. In addition to its role in iron uptake, TfR1 may participate in cell growth and proliferation. TfR2 also binds Tf but with a significantly lower affinity than does TfR1. TfR2 is expressed chiefly in hepatocytes, hematopoietic cells, and duodenal crypt cells; its expression overlaps with that of hereditary hemochromatosis protein (HFE). TfR2 is involved in iron homeostasis. HFE and TfR2 interact in cells. By one model for serum iron sensing, at low or basal iron concentrations, HFE and TFR1 form a complex at the plasma membrane; at increased Tf, Tf competes with HFE for binding of TfR1, resulting in HFE disassociating from TfR1 and associating with TfR2 . The TfR1-TfR2 association might initiate a signal cascade leading to the induction of hepcidin (a small peptide hormone that controls systemic iron levels). Human mutations in TfR2 are associated with a form of hemochromatosis (HFE3). The significance of the PA domain to TfRs has not been ascertained. It may be a protein-protein interaction domain. At peptidase active sites, the PA domain may participate in substrate binding and/or promoting conformational changes, which influence the stability and accessibility of the site to substrate. Pssm-ID: 239043 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 183 Bit Score: 112.49 E-value: 1.52e-28
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| M28_like_PA | cd05660 | M28 Zn-peptidase containing a protease-associated (PA) domain insert; Peptidase family M28 ... |
272-397 | 2.29e-20 | ||||||
M28 Zn-peptidase containing a protease-associated (PA) domain insert; Peptidase family M28 (also called aminopeptidase Y family), uncharacterized subfamily. The M28 family contains aminopeptidases as well as carboxypeptidases. They have co-catalytic zinc ions; each zinc ion is tetrahedrally co-ordinated, with three amino acid ligands plus activated water; one aspartate residue binds both metal ions. This subfamily is composed of uncharacterized proteins containing a protease-associated (PA) domain insert which may participate in substrate binding and/or promote conformational changes, influencing the stability and accessibility of the site to substrate. Pssm-ID: 349910 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 290 Bit Score: 92.04 E-value: 2.29e-20
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| M28_like | cd03877 | M28 Zn-peptidase, many containing a protease-associated (PA) domain insert; Peptidase family ... |
298-397 | 8.42e-19 | ||||||
M28 Zn-peptidase, many containing a protease-associated (PA) domain insert; Peptidase family M28 (also called aminopeptidase Y family), uncharacterized subfamily. The M28 family contains aminopeptidases as well as carboxypeptidases. They have co-catalytic zinc ions; each zinc ion is tetrahedrally co-ordinated, with three amino acid ligands plus activated water; one aspartate residue binds both metal ions. This subfamily is composed of uncharacterized proteins, many of which contain a protease-associated (PA) domain insert which may participate in substrate binding and/or promote conformational changes, influencing the stability and accessibility of the site to substrate. Some proteins in this subfamily are also associated with the PDZ domain, a widespread protein module that has been recruited to serve multiple functions during the course of evolution. Pssm-ID: 349874 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 206 Bit Score: 85.37 E-value: 8.42e-19
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| M28_like | cd08015 | M28 Zn-peptidase-like; uncharacterized subfamily; Peptidase family M28 (also called ... |
300-506 | 2.16e-18 | ||||||
M28 Zn-peptidase-like; uncharacterized subfamily; Peptidase family M28 (also called aminopeptidase Y family), uncharacterized subfamily. The M28 family contains aminopeptidases as well as carboxypeptidases. They have co-catalytic zinc ions; each zinc ion is tetrahedrally co-ordinated, with three amino acid ligands plus activated water; one aspartate residue binds both metal ions. Pssm-ID: 349937 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 218 Bit Score: 84.57 E-value: 2.16e-18
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| M28_Fxna_like | cd03875 | M28 Zn-peptidase Endoplasmic reticulum metallopeptidase 1; Peptidase family M28; Endoplasmic ... |
274-508 | 1.59e-17 | ||||||
M28 Zn-peptidase Endoplasmic reticulum metallopeptidase 1; Peptidase family M28; Endoplasmic reticulum metallopeptidase 1 (ERMP1; Felix-ina, FXNA or Fxna peptidase; KIAA1815) subfamily. ERMP1 is a multi-pass membrane protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. In humans, Fxna may play a crucial role in processing proteins required for the organization of somatic cells and oocytes into discrete follicular structures, although which proteins are hydrolyzed has not yet been determined. Another member of this subfamily is the 24-kDa vacuolar protein (VP24) which is probably involved in the formation of intravacuolar pigmented globules (cyanoplasts) in highly anthocyanin-containing vacuoles; however, the biological function of the C-terminal region which includes the putative transmembrane metallopeptidase domain is unknown. Pssm-ID: 349872 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 307 Bit Score: 83.79 E-value: 1.59e-17
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| M28_Pgcp_like | cd03883 | M28 Zn-Peptidase Plasma glutamate carboxypeptidase; Peptidase M28 family; Plasma glutamate ... |
124-508 | 2.71e-14 | ||||||
M28 Zn-Peptidase Plasma glutamate carboxypeptidase; Peptidase M28 family; Plasma glutamate carboxypeptidase (PGCP; blood plasma glutamate carboxypeptidase; EC 3.4.17.21) subfamily. PGCP is a 56kDa glutamate carboxypeptidase that is mainly produced in mammalian placenta and kidney, the majority of which is thought to be secreted into the bloodstream. Similar proteins are also found in other species, including bacteria. These proteins contain protease-associated (PA) domain inserts between the first and second strands of the central beta sheet in the protease-like domain. The PA domains may participate in substrate binding and/or promoting conformational changes, which influence the stability and accessibility of the site to substrate. The exact physiological substrates of PGCP are unknown, although this enzyme may play an important role in the hydrolysis of circulating peptides. Its closest homolog encodes an important brain glutamate carboxypeptidase II (NAALADase) identical to the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), which serves as a marker for prostatic cancer metastasis. Hypermethylation of PGCP gene has been associated with human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell immortalization and lung cancer. PGCP also provides an attractive target for serological analysis in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Pssm-ID: 349879 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 425 Bit Score: 75.42 E-value: 2.71e-14
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| M28_like_PA_PDZ_associated | cd05663 | M28 Zn-peptidase containing a protease-associated (PA) domain insert and associated with a PDZ ... |
300-411 | 2.62e-12 | ||||||
M28 Zn-peptidase containing a protease-associated (PA) domain insert and associated with a PDZ domain; Peptidase family M28 (also called aminopeptidase Y family), uncharacterized subfamily. The M28 family contains aminopeptidases as well as carboxypeptidases. They have co-catalytic zinc ions; each zinc ion is tetrahedrally co-ordinated, with three amino acid ligands plus activated water; one aspartate residue binds both metal ions. This subfamily is composed of uncharacterized proteins, many of which contain a protease-associated (PA) domain insert which may participate in substrate binding and/or promote conformational changes, influencing the stability and accessibility of the site to substrate. Proteins in this subfamily are also associated with the PDZ domain, a widespread protein module that has been recruited to serve multiple functions during the course of evolution. Pssm-ID: 349913 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 266 Bit Score: 67.48 E-value: 2.62e-12
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| M28_SGAP_like | cd03876 | M28 Zn-peptidase Streptomyces griseus aminopeptidase and similar proteins; Peptidase family ... |
296-508 | 5.13e-12 | ||||||
M28 Zn-peptidase Streptomyces griseus aminopeptidase and similar proteins; Peptidase family M28; Streptomyces griseus Aminopeptidase (SGAP, Leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), aminopeptidase S, Mername-AA022 peptidase) subfamily. SGAP is a di-zinc exopeptidase with high preference towards large hydrophobic amino-terminal residues, with Leu being the most efficiently cleaved. It can accommodate all except Pro and Glu residues in the P1' position. It is a monomeric (30 kDa), calcium-activated and calcium-stabilized enzyme; its activation by calcium correlates with substrate specificity and it has thermal stability only in the presence of calcium. Although SGAP contains a calcium binding site, it is not conserved in many members of this subfamily. SGAP is present in the extracellular fluid of S. griseus cultures. Pssm-ID: 349873 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 289 Bit Score: 66.94 E-value: 5.13e-12
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| M28_PSMA_like | cd08022 | M28 Zn-peptidase prostate-specific membrane antigen; Peptidase M28 family; prostate-specific ... |
1-73 | 1.17e-11 | ||||||
M28 Zn-peptidase prostate-specific membrane antigen; Peptidase M28 family; prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA, also called glutamate carboxypeptidase II or GCP-II)-like subfamily. PSMA is a homodimeric type II transmembrane protein containing three distinct domains: protease-like, apical or protease-associated (PA) and helical domains. The protease-like domain is a large extracellular portion (ectodomain). PSMA is over-expressed predominantly in prostate cancer (PCa) as well as in the neovasculature of most solid tumors, but not in the vasculature of the normal tissues. PSMA is considered a biomarker for PCa and possibly for use as an imaging and therapeutic target. The extracellular domain of PSMA possesses two unique enzymatic functions: N-acetylated, alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) which cleaves terminal glutamate from the neurodipeptide N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG), and folate hydrolase (FOLH) which cleaves the terminal glutamates from gamma-linked polyglutamates (carboxypeptidase). A mutation in this gene may be associated with impaired intestinal absorption of dietary folates, resulting in low blood folate levels and consequent hyperhomocysteinemia. Expression of this protein in the brain may be involved in a number of pathological conditions associated with glutamate excitotoxicity. Inhibition of GCP-II has been shown to be effective in preclinical models of neurological disorders associated with excessive activation of glutamatergic systems. This gene likely arose from a duplication event of a nearby chromosomal region. Alternative splicing gives rise to multiple transcript variants. Pssm-ID: 349942 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 287 Bit Score: 66.10 E-value: 1.17e-11
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| M28_like | cd05662 | M28 Zn-Peptidases; Peptidase family M28 (also called aminopeptidase Y family), uncharacterized ... |
292-510 | 3.37e-11 | ||||||
M28 Zn-Peptidases; Peptidase family M28 (also called aminopeptidase Y family), uncharacterized subfamily. The M28 family contains aminopeptidases as well as carboxypeptidases. They have co-catalytic zinc ions; each zinc ion is tetrahedrally co-ordinated, with three amino acid ligands plus activated water; one aspartate residue binds both metal ions. This subfamily is composed of uncharacterized proteins that do not contain a protease-associated (PA) domain. Pssm-ID: 349912 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 268 Bit Score: 64.41 E-value: 3.37e-11
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| PA | pfam02225 | PA domain; The PA (Protease associated) domain is found as an insert domain in diverse ... |
112-200 | 1.42e-10 | ||||||
PA domain; The PA (Protease associated) domain is found as an insert domain in diverse proteases. The PA domain is also found in a plant vacuolar sorting receptor Swiss:O22925 and members of the RZF family Swiss:O43567. It has been suggested that this domain forms a lid-like structure that covers the active site in active proteases, and is involved in protein recognition in vacuolar sorting receptors. Pssm-ID: 460499 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 91 Bit Score: 58.29 E-value: 1.42e-10
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| M28_like_PA | cd05661 | M28 Zn-peptidase containing a PA domain insert; Peptidase family M28 (also called ... |
298-508 | 3.91e-10 | ||||||
M28 Zn-peptidase containing a PA domain insert; Peptidase family M28 (also called aminopeptidase Y family), uncharacterized subfamily. The M28 family contains aminopeptidases as well as carboxypeptidases. They have co-catalytic zinc ions; each zinc ion is tetrahedrally co-ordinated, with three amino acid ligands plus activated water; one aspartate residue binds both metal ions. This subfamily is composed of uncharacterized proteins containing a protease-associated (PA) domain insert which may participate in substrate binding and/or promote conformational changes, influencing the stability and accessibility of the site to substrate. Pssm-ID: 349911 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 262 Bit Score: 61.05 E-value: 3.91e-10
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| M28_like | cd05642 | M28 Zn-peptidase-like; uncharacterized subfamily; Peptidase family M28 (also called ... |
297-426 | 4.69e-10 | ||||||
M28 Zn-peptidase-like; uncharacterized subfamily; Peptidase family M28 (also called aminopeptidase Y family), uncharacterized subfamily. The M28 family contains aminopeptidases as well as carboxypeptidases. They have co-catalytic zinc ions; each zinc ion is tetrahedrally co-ordinated, with three amino acid ligands plus activated water; one aspartate residue binds both metal ions. Pssm-ID: 349894 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 347 Bit Score: 61.74 E-value: 4.69e-10
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| PA_hNAALADL2_like | cd02131 | PA_hNAALADL2_like: Protease-associated domain containing proteins like human N-acetylated ... |
97-247 | 2.18e-09 | ||||||
PA_hNAALADL2_like: Protease-associated domain containing proteins like human N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase-like 2 protein (hNAALADL2). This group contains various PA domain-containing proteins similar to hNAALADL2. The function of hNAALADL2 is unknown. This gene has been mapped to a chromosomal region associated with Cornelia de Lange syndrome. The significance of the PA domain to hNAALADL2 has not been ascertained. It may be a protein-protein interaction domain. At peptidase active sites, the PA domain may participate in substrate binding and/or promoting conformational changes, which influence the stability and accessibility of the site to substrate. Pssm-ID: 239046 Cd Length: 153 Bit Score: 56.48 E-value: 2.18e-09
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| PA | cd00538 | PA: Protease-associated (PA) domain. The PA domain is an insert domain in a diverse fraction ... |
90-196 | 8.61e-09 | ||||||
PA: Protease-associated (PA) domain. The PA domain is an insert domain in a diverse fraction of proteases. The significance of the PA domain to many of the proteins in which it is inserted is undetermined. It may be a protein-protein interaction domain. At peptidase active sites, the PA domain may participate in substrate binding and/or promoting conformational changes, which influence the stability and accessibility of the site to substrate. Proteins into which the PA domain is inserted include the following: i) various signal peptide peptidases including, hSPPL2a and 2b which catalyze the intramembrane proteolysis of tumor necrosis factor alpha, ii) various proteins containing a C3H2C3 RING finger including, Arabidopsis ReMembR-H2 protein and various E3 ubiquitin ligases such as human GRAIL (gene related to anergy in lymphocytes), iii) EDEM3 (ER-degradation-enhancing mannosidase-like 3 protein), iv) various plant vacuolar sorting receptors such as Pisum sativum BP-80, v) glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII), vi) yeast aminopeptidase Y, vii) Vibrio metschnikovii VapT, a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) resistant extracellular alkaline serine protease, viii) lactocepin (a cell envelope-associated protease from Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NCDO 151), ix) various subtilisin-like proteases such as melon Cucumisin, and x) human TfR (transferrin receptor) 1 and 2. Pssm-ID: 238300 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 126 Bit Score: 54.06 E-value: 8.61e-09
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| M28_like | cd05643 | M28 Zn-peptidase-like; Peptidase family M28 (also called aminopeptidase Y family), ... |
294-508 | 3.08e-07 | ||||||
M28 Zn-peptidase-like; Peptidase family M28 (also called aminopeptidase Y family), uncharacterized subfamily. The M28 family contains aminopeptidases as well as carboxypeptidases. They typically have co-catalytic zinc ions; each zinc ion is tetrahedrally co-ordinated, with three amino acid ligands plus activated water; one aspartate residue binds both metal ions. This protein subfamily conserves some of the metal-coordinating residues of the typically co-catalytic M28 family which might suggest binding of a single metal ion. Pssm-ID: 349895 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 290 Bit Score: 52.41 E-value: 3.08e-07
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| PA_C5a_like | cd02133 | PA_C5a_like: Protease-associated domain containing proteins like Streptococcus pyogenes C5a ... |
115-168 | 4.02e-07 | ||||||
PA_C5a_like: Protease-associated domain containing proteins like Streptococcus pyogenes C5a peptidase. This group contains various PA domain-containing proteins similar to S. pyogenes C5a, including, i) Vpr, a minor extracellular serine protease from Bacillus subtilis, ii) a large molecular mass collagenolytic protease from Geobacillus collagenovorans MO-1, and iii) PrtS, a cell envelope protease from Streptococcus thermophilus CNRZ 385. Proteins in this group belong to the peptidase S8 family. C5a peptidase is a cell surface serine protease which specifically inactivates C5a [a chemotactic peptide, which attracts polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)], by cleaving it to release a 7-residue carboxy-terminal fragment which contains the PMN binding site. The significance of the PA domain to these proteins has not been ascertained. It may be a protein-protein interaction domain. At peptidase active sites, the PA domain may participate in substrate binding and/or promoting conformational changes, which influence the stability and accessibility of the site to substrate. Pssm-ID: 239048 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 143 Bit Score: 49.98 E-value: 4.02e-07
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| M28_AAP | cd03879 | M28 Zn-peptidase Aeromonas (Vibrio) proteolytica aminopeptidase; Peptidase family M28; ... |
299-375 | 5.52e-07 | ||||||
M28 Zn-peptidase Aeromonas (Vibrio) proteolytica aminopeptidase; Peptidase family M28; Aeromonas (Vibrio) proteolytica aminopeptidase (AAP; leucine aminopeptidase from Vibrio proteolyticus; Bacterial leucyl aminopeptidase; E.C. 3.4.11.10) subfamily. AAP is a small (32kDa), heat stable leucine aminopeptidase and is active as a monomer. Similar forms of the enzyme have been isolated from Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus thermophilus. Leucine aminopeptidases, in general, play important roles in many biological processes such as protein catabolism, hormone degradation, regulation of migration and cell proliferation, as well as HIV infection and proliferation. AAP is a broad-specificity enzyme, utilizing two zinc(II) ions in its active site to remove N-terminal amino acids, with preference for large hydrophobic amino acids in the P1 position of the substrate, Leu being the most efficiently cleaved. It can accommodate all residues, except Pro, Asp and Glu in the P1' position. Pssm-ID: 349875 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 286 Bit Score: 51.86 E-value: 5.52e-07
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| M28_like | cd05640 | M28 Zn-peptidase; uncharacterized subfamily; Peptidase family M28 (also called aminopeptidase ... |
300-381 | 4.13e-06 | ||||||
M28 Zn-peptidase; uncharacterized subfamily; Peptidase family M28 (also called aminopeptidase Y family), uncharacterized subfamily. The M28 family contains aminopeptidases as well as carboxypeptidases. They have co-catalytic zinc ions; each zinc ion is tetrahedrally co-ordinated, with three amino acid ligands plus activated water; one aspartate residue binds both metal ions. Pssm-ID: 349893 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 281 Bit Score: 48.98 E-value: 4.13e-06
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| PA_ScAPY_like | cd02130 | PA_ScAPY_like: Protease-associated domain containing proteins like Saccharomyces cerevisiae ... |
104-185 | 4.26e-06 | ||||||
PA_ScAPY_like: Protease-associated domain containing proteins like Saccharomyces cerevisiae aminopeptidase Y (ScAPY). This group contains various PA domain-containing proteins similar to the S. cerevisiae APY, including Trichophyton rubrum leucine aminopeptidase 1(LAP1). Proteins in this group belong to the peptidase M28 family. ScAPY hydrolyzes amino acid-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amides (MCAs). ScAPY more rapidly hydrolyzes dipeptidyl-MCAs. Hydrolysis of amino acid-MCAs or dipeptides is stimulated by Co2+ while the hydrolysis of dipeptidyl-MCAs, tripeptides, and longer peptides is inhibited by Co2+. ScAPY is vacuolar and is activated by proteolytic processing. LAP1 is a secreted leucine aminopeptidase. The significance of the PA domain to these proteins has not been ascertained. It may be a protein-protein interaction domain. At peptidase active sites, the PA domain may participate in substrate binding and/or promoting conformational changes, which influence the stability and accessibility of the site to substrate. Pssm-ID: 239045 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 122 Bit Score: 46.48 E-value: 4.26e-06
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| M28_Nicastrin | cd03881 | M28 Zn-peptidase nicastrin, a main component of gamma-secretase complex; Peptidase M28 family, ... |
327-378 | 5.90e-05 | ||||||
M28 Zn-peptidase nicastrin, a main component of gamma-secretase complex; Peptidase M28 family, nicastrin subfamily. Nicastrin is a main component of the gamma-secretase complex, which also contains presenilin, Pen-2 and Aph-1. Its extracellular domain sequence resembles aminopeptidases, but certain catalytic residues are not conserved. It is mainly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. It is highly glycosylated (Mr 120 kDa) and is essential for substrate recognition of the N-terminus of gamma-secretase substrates derived from APP and Notch. Nicastrin facilitates substrate cleavage by the catalytic presenilin subunit in the gamma-secretase complex. One conserved glutamate is especially important, probably because this residue forms an ion pair with the amino terminus of the substrate. This substrate-binding domain is often called the DAP domain (named after DYIGS, the amino acid stretch that modulates amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing, and Peptidase homologous region). The sequence of the substrate N-terminus is apparently not critical for the interaction, but a free amino group is. Thus, nicastrin can be considered a kind of gatekeeper for the gamma-secretase complex: type I membrane proteins that have not shed their ectodomains cannot interact properly with nicastrin and do not gain access to the active site. Dysfunction of gamma-secretase is thought to cause Alzheimer's disease, with most mutations derived from Alzheimer's disease mapping to the catalytic subunit presenilin 1 (PS1). Pssm-ID: 349877 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 519 Bit Score: 46.26 E-value: 5.90e-05
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| PA_2 | cd04819 | PA_2: Protease-associated (PA) domain subgroup 2. A subgroup of PA-domain containing proteins. ... |
105-177 | 1.71e-04 | ||||||
PA_2: Protease-associated (PA) domain subgroup 2. A subgroup of PA-domain containing proteins. The PA domain is an insert domain in a diverse fraction of proteases. The significance of the PA domain to many of the proteins in which it is inserted is undetermined. It may be a protein-protein interaction domain. At peptidase active sites, the PA domain may participate in substrate binding and/or promoting conformational changes, which influence the stability and accessibility of the site to substrate. Proteins in this group contain a C-terminal RING-finger domain. Proteins into which the PA domain is inserted include the following: i) various signal peptide peptidases: such as hSPPL2a and 2b, ii) various E3 ubiquitin ligases similar to human GRAIL (gene related to anergy in lymphocytes) protein, iii) various proteins containing a RING finger motif such as Arabidopsis ReMembR-H2 protein, iv) EDEM3 (ER-degradation-enhancing mannosidase-like 3 protein), v) various plant vacuolar sorting receptors such as Pisum sativum BP-80, vi) prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), vii) yeast aminopeptidase Y viii) Vibrio metschnikovii VapT, a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) resistant extracellular alkaline serine protease, ix) various subtilisin-like proteases such as Cucumisin from the juice of melon fruits, and x) human TfR (transferrin receptor) 1 and human TfR2. The proteins listed above belong to other subgroups; relatively little is known about proteins in this subgroup. Pssm-ID: 240123 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 127 Bit Score: 42.00 E-value: 1.71e-04
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| M28_TfR | cd09848 | M28 Zn-peptidase Transferrin Receptor family; Peptidase M28 family; Transferrin Receptor (TfR) ... |
4-41 | 6.98e-03 | ||||||
M28 Zn-peptidase Transferrin Receptor family; Peptidase M28 family; Transferrin Receptor (TfR) subfamily. TfRs are homodimeric type II transmembrane proteins containing three distinct domains: protease-like, apical or protease-associated (PA), and helical domains. The protease-like domain is a large extracellular portion (ectodomain). In TfR, it contains a binding site for the transferrin molecule and has 28% identity to membrane glutamate carboxypeptidase II (mGCP-II or PSMA). The PA domain is inserted between the first and second strands of the central beta sheet in the protease-like domain. TfR1 is widely expressed, and is a key player in the uptake of iron-loaded transferrin (Tf) into cells. The TfR1 homodimer binds two molecules of Tf and the complex is then internalized. TfR1 may also participate in cell growth and proliferation. TfR2 binds Tf but with a significantly lower affinity than TfR1. It is expressed chiefly in hepatocytes, hematopoietic cells, and duodenal crypt cells; its expression overlaps with that of hereditary hemochromatosis protein (HFE). TfR2 is involved in iron homeostasis; in humans, mutations in TfR2 are associated with a form of hemochromatosis (HFE3). While related in sequence to peptidase M28 glutamate carboxypeptidase II (also called prostate-specific membrane antigen or PSMA), TfR lacks the metal ion coordination centers and protease activity of that group. Pssm-ID: 349946 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 285 Bit Score: 38.89 E-value: 6.98e-03
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