high mobility group (HMG)-box domain superfamily; The High Mobility Group (HMG)-box is found in a variety of eukaryotic chromosomal proteins and transcription factors. HMGs bind to the minor groove of DNA and have been classified by DNA binding preferences. Two phylogenetically distinct groups of Class I proteins bind DNA in a sequence specific fashion and contain a single HMG box. One group (SOX-TCF) includes transcription factors, TCF-1, -3, -4, and also SRY and LEF-1, which bind four-way DNA junctions and duplex DNA targets. The second group (MATA) includes fungal mating type gene products MC, MATA1 and Ste11. Class II and III proteins (HMGB-UBF) bind DNA in a non-sequence specific fashion and contain two or more tandem HMG boxes. Class II members include non-histone chromosomal proteins, HMG1 and HMG2, which bind to bent or distorted DNA such as four-way DNA junctions, synthetic DNA cruciforms, kinked cisplatin-modified DNA, DNA bulges, cross-overs in supercoiled DNA, and can cause looping of linear DNA. Class III members include nucleolar and mitochondrial transcription factors, UBF and mtTF1, which bind four-way DNA junctions.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 575501717  23 KRSWRQRP----APASFPQGKSWKALTLAEKRPFVEEAERLRVQHMQDHPNYKYRPRRR 77
Cdd:cd22047   23 KRLAQQNPdlhnAELSKMLGKSWKALTLAEKRPFVEEAERLRVQHMQDHPNYKYRPRRR 81

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 17 (SOX17) and similar proteins; SOX-17 is a developmental transcription regulator involved in endoderm formation, angiogenesis, and carcinogenesis. It acts as a tumor suppressor and modulates WNT signaling. SOX-17 binds target promoter DNA and bends the DNA. It binds to the sequences 5'-AACAAT-'3 or 5'-AACAAAG-3'. SOX-17 belongs to the group F of SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 575501717  23 KRSWRQRP----APASFPQGKSWKALTLAEKRPFVEEAERLRVQHMQDHPNYKYRPRRR 77
Cdd:cd22047   23 KRLAQQNPdlhnAELSKMLGKSWKALTLAEKRPFVEEAERLRVQHMQDHPNYKYRPRRR 81

HMG (high mobility group) box;

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 575501717   38 GKSWKALTLAEKRPFVEEAERLRVQHMQDHPNY 70
Cdd:pfam00505  36 GEKWKALSEEEKKPYEEKAEKEKARYEKEHPEY 68

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 17 (SOX17) and similar proteins; SOX-17 is a developmental transcription regulator involved in endoderm formation, angiogenesis, and carcinogenesis. It acts as a tumor suppressor and modulates WNT signaling. SOX-17 binds target promoter DNA and bends the DNA. It binds to the sequences 5'-AACAAT-'3 or 5'-AACAAAG-3'. SOX-17 belongs to the group F of SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 575501717  23 KRSWRQRP----APASFPQGKSWKALTLAEKRPFVEEAERLRVQHMQDHPNYKYRPRRR 77
Cdd:cd22047   23 KRLAQQNPdlhnAELSKMLGKSWKALTLAEKRPFVEEAERLRVQHMQDHPNYKYRPRRR 81

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in group F SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors; SoxF transcription factors includes three members: Sox7, Sox17, and Sox18. They regulate endothelial cell fate as well as development and differentiation of the developing heart, blood cells, and lymphatic vessels.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 575501717  38 GKSWKALTLAEKRPFVEEAERLRVQHMQDHPNYKYRPRRR 77
Cdd:cd22032   37 GKKWKSLSLAEKRPFVEEAERLRVQHMQDYPNYKYRPRRR 76

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in group A, group B and group G of SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors; This subfamily includes SoxA, SoxB, and SoxG proteins. SRY is the only member of group A SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors. SRY, also called testis-determining factor, is a transcriptional regulator that controls a genetic switch in male development. It promotes DNA bending and is also involved in pre-mRNA splicing. The SRY HMG box recognizes DNA by partial intercalation in the minor groove. It binds to the DNA consensus sequence 5'-[AT]AACAA[AT]-3'. SoxB transcription factors play critical roles in the regulation of neurogenesis. They can be divided into two main subgroups, SoxB1 (Sox-1/Sox-2/Sox-3) and SoxB2 (SOX-14/SOX-21). SoxB1 proteins suppress neurogenesis by maintaining neural cells in an undifferentiated state. SoxB2 proteins may have the opposite activity and promote neuronal differentiation. SOX-5 is the only member of group G Sox transcription factors. It is also called SOX-12, SOX-20, SOX-26, or SOX-27. SOX-5 is a crucial transcription factor involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in cell fate determination. It binds to the 5'-AACAAT-3' sequence. SOX-15 can be a tumor suppressor in multiple cancer types.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 575501717  38 GKSWKALTLAEKRPFVEEAERLRVQHMQDHPNYKYRPRRR 77
Cdd:cd22028   37 GAEWKQLSEDEKRPFIDEAKRLRAQHMKEHPDYKYRPRRK 76

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in group C SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors; SoxC transcription factors includes three members: SOX4, SOX11 and SOX12. They play key roles, often in redundancy, in multiple developmental pathways, including neurogenesis and skeletogenesis. SOX-4 is a transcriptional activator that promotes neuronal differentiation both in the adult and embryonic neural progenitors. It binds with high affinity to the T-cell enhancer motif 5'-AACAAAG-3' motif. SOX-4 is abnormally expressed in various cancers. SOX-11 is a neural transcriptional factor involved in precursor survival, neuronal fate determination, migration and morphogenesis. SOX-12, also called SOX-22, is a transcription factor essential for embryonic development and cell fate determination. It binds to the sequence 5'-AACAAT-3'.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 575501717  38 GKSWKALTLAEKRPFVEEAERLRVQHMQDHPNYKYRPRRR 77
Cdd:cd22029   37 GKRWKLLSDSEKIPFIEEAERLRLLHMQEYPDYKYRPRKK 76

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in group B SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors; SoxB transcription factors play critical roles in the regulation of neurogenesis. They can be divided into two main subgroups, SoxB1 (Sox-1/Sox-2/Sox-3) and SoxB2 (SOX-14/SOX-21). SoxB1 proteins suppress neurogenesis by maintaining neural cells in an undifferentiated state. SoxB2 proteins may have the opposite activity and promote neuronal differentiation. SOX-1 is involved in the regulation of embryonic development and cell fate determination. It also acts as a tumor suppressor that plays an anti-tumorigenicity role in different cells and its expression is inhibited in a variety of cancers. SOX-2 plays an important role in various phases of embryonic development, including cell fate and differentiation. Its overexpression and gene amplification may be associated with tumor aggression and metastasis in various cancer types, including breast, prostate, lung, ovarian and colon cancer. SOX-3 is required during the formation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. It plays a role in both normal neural development and carcinogenesis. SOX-14, also called SOX-28, acts as a negative regulator of transcription. It is mainly involved in the regulation of neural development. It can also promote proliferation and invasion capacity of cervical cancer cells by activating the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. SOX-21, also called SOX-A, or SOX-25, promotes the progression of vertebrate neurogenesis.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 575501717  38 GKSWKALTLAEKRPFVEEAERLRVQHMQDHPNYKYRPRRR 77
Cdd:cd01388   38 GAEWKLLSEAEKRPFIDEAKRLRALHMKEHPDYKYRPRRK 77

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in sex-determining region Y protein (SRY) and similar proteins; SRY, also called testis-determining factor, is a transcriptional regulator that controls a genetic switch in male development. It promotes DNA bending and is also involved in pre-mRNA splicing. The SRY HMG box recognizes DNA by partial intercalation in the minor groove. It binds to the DNA consensus sequence 5'-[AT]AACAA[AT]-3'. SRY is the only member of group A SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 575501717  27 RQRPAPASFPQGKSWKALTLAEKRPFVEEAERLRVQHMQDHPNYKYRPRRRKQ 79
Cdd:cd22034   29 RMRNSEISKQLGYQWKMLTEAEKWPFFQEAQKLQAMHREKYPNYKYRPRRKAK 81

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 12 (SOX12) and similar proteins; SOX-12, also called SOX-22, is a transcription factor essential for embryonic development and cell fate determination. It binds to the sequence 5'-AACAAT-3'. SOX-12 belongs to the group C of SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 575501717  38 GKSWKALTLAEKRPFVEEAERLRVQHMQDHPNYKYRPRRRKQ 79
Cdd:cd22038   47 GRRWKLLQDYEKIPFIKEAERLRLKHMADYPDYKYRPRKKSK 88

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 11 (SOX11) and similar proteins; SOX-11 is a neural transcriptional factor involved in precursor survival, neuronal fate determination, migration and morphogenesis. SOX-11 belongs to group C SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 575501717  38 GKSWKALTLAEKRPFVEEAERLRVQHMQDHPNYKYRPRRRKQV 80
Cdd:cd22037   47 GKRWKMLKDSEKIPFIREAERLRLKHMADYPDYKYRPRKKPKV 89

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Caenorhabditis elegans protein egg laying defective 13 (EGL-13) and similar proteins; EGL-13 may act as a transcription factor that is required for uterine cell fate decisions in Caenorhabditis elegans. It controls genes required for the specification and differentiation of O(2) and CO(2)-sensing neurons and for maintaining URX sensory neuronal cell fate.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 575501717  38 GKSWKALTLAEKRPFVEEAERLRVQHMQDHPNYKYRPRRRK 78
Cdd:cd22042   38 GAKWKAMSNAEKQPYYEEQSRLSKLHMEKHPDYRYRPRPKR 78

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in group D SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors; SoxD transcription factors includes three members, Sox5, Sox6, and Sox13. They function as important transcriptional regulators of glial development in the central nervous system. SoxD proteins influence multiple stages of oligodendrocyte development and modulate SoxE protein function. This subfamily also contains SoxD transcription factor homolog EGL-13, which specifies distinct O2 and CO2 sensory neuron fates in Caenorhabditis elegans. SOX-5 plays important roles in various cancer types. It binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-AACAAT-3'. SOX-6 plays a key role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell fate determination, as well as neurogenesis and skeleton formation. It is a tumor suppressor and downregulated in various cancers. SOX-6 binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-AACAAT-3'. SOX-13, also called Islet cell antigen 12 (ICA12), or type 1 diabetes auto-antigen ICA12, modulates T cell specification and is an autoimmune antigen. It binds to the sequence 5'-AACAAT-3'.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 575501717  38 GKSWKALTLAEKRPFVEEAERLRVQHMQDHPNYKYRPR 75
Cdd:cd22030   37 GSRWKSMSNQEKQPYYEEQARLSKQHLEKYPDYKYKPR 74

high mobility group;

                           10        20        30
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 575501717    38 GKSWKALTLAEKRPFVEEAERLRVQHMQDHPNYK 71
Cdd:smart00398  37 GERWKLLSEEEKAPYEEKAKKDKERYEEEMPEYK 70

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in the transcription factor 7 (TCF-7)-like family; The TCF7-like family includes TCF-7, TCF7-like 1 (TF7L1), lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF-1), and similar proteins. TCF-7, also called T-cell-specific transcription factor 1, or T-cell factor 1 (TCF-1), is a T lymphocyte-specific transcriptional activator involved in T-cell lymphocyte differentiation. It is necessary for the survival of CD4(+) CD8(+) immature thymocytes. It binds to the T-lymphocyte-specific enhancer element (5'-WWCAAAG-3') found in the promoter of the CD3E gene. TF7L1, also called HMG box transcription factor 3 (TCF-3), participates in the Wnt signaling pathway. It binds to DNA and acts as a repressor in the absence of CTNNB1, and as an activator in its presence. TF7L2, also called HMG box transcription factor 4, or T-cell-specific transcription factor 4, or T-cell factor 4, or TCF-4, participates in the Wnt signaling pathway and modulates MYC expression by binding to its promoter in a sequence-specific manner. It acts as a repressor in the absence of CTNNB1, and it activates transcription from promoters with several copies of the TCF motif 5'-CCTTTGATC-3' in the presence of CTNNB1. LEF-1, also called T cell-specific transcription factor 1-alpha (TCF1-alpha), is a transcription factor that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner. It may participate in the Wnt signaling pathway. All family members contain one HMG-box domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 575501717  38 GKSWKALTLAEKRPFVEEAERLRVQHMQDHPNYKYRPRRRKQVKRMKR 85
Cdd:cd21996   37 GRRWHALSREEQAKYYELARKERQLHMQLYPGWSARDNYGKKKKRKRK 84

high mobility group (HMG)-box domain superfamily; The High Mobility Group (HMG)-box is found in a variety of eukaryotic chromosomal proteins and transcription factors. HMGs bind to the minor groove of DNA and have been classified by DNA binding preferences. Two phylogenetically distinct groups of Class I proteins bind DNA in a sequence specific fashion and contain a single HMG box. One group (SOX-TCF) includes transcription factors, TCF-1, -3, -4, and also SRY and LEF-1, which bind four-way DNA junctions and duplex DNA targets. The second group (MATA) includes fungal mating type gene products MC, MATA1 and Ste11. Class II and III proteins (HMGB-UBF) bind DNA in a non-sequence specific fashion and contain two or more tandem HMG boxes. Class II members include non-histone chromosomal proteins, HMG1 and HMG2, which bind to bent or distorted DNA such as four-way DNA junctions, synthetic DNA cruciforms, kinked cisplatin-modified DNA, DNA bulges, cross-overs in supercoiled DNA, and can cause looping of linear DNA. Class III members include nucleolar and mitochondrial transcription factors, UBF and mtTF1, which bind four-way DNA junctions.

                         10        20
                 ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 575501717  38 GKSWKALTLAEKRPFVEEAERLRVQH 63
Cdd:cd00084   34 GERWKELSEEEKQPYEEKAKEDKERY 59